Enzymes ni iki? Kuki ari ingenzi cyane ku mibiri yacu?

Muraho! Mumeze mute? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku itsinda ry'ibintu bikora mu buryo bw'ibanga, ariko by'ingenzi cyane mu mibiri yacu. Bitwa enzymes. Ushobora kuba warumvise iri zina. Niba atari byo, ntacyo bitwaye, uyu munsi tuzabivugaho mu buryo bworoshye.

None se izi enzymes ni iki? Kuki tuzikeneye?

Mu magambo make, enzymes ni ubwoko bwa poroteyine . Zimeze nk'amaroboti mato akora mu mibiri yacu. Akazi kayo k'ingenzi ni ukwihutisha imikorere ya shimi mu mibiri yacu, ari nayo metabolisme yacu. Tekereza nawe, izi enzymes zifasha mu gukora ibintu bimwe na bimwe no gusenya ibintu bimwe na bimwe. Mu by'ukuri, ibinyabuzima byose bifite enzymes. Imibiri yacu ikora enzymes mu buryo busanzwe. Tubona kandi enzymes muri bimwe mu biribwa turya n'ibyo tunywa, ndetse no mu bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byakozwe.

Ni ubuhe bufasha bukomeye enzymes zitanga ku mibiri yacu?

Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi enzymes zikora ni ugufasha mu igogora . Iyi ni inzira ibiryo turya bihindukamo ingufu. Tekereza nawe, hari enzymes mu macandwe yacu, pancreas, amara, no mu gifu. Izi ni zo zisenya kandi zigasya ibinure, poroteyine, na karubohidrati turya. Izi ntungamubiri zikoreshwa n'imibiri yacu mu gukura no gusana uturemangingo. Si ibyo gusa, enzymes zifasha mu bindi bintu byinshi. Reba:

• Guhumeka hamwe
• Ku kubaka imitsi
• Imikorere y'imitsi
• Kwirukana uburozi mu mibiri yacu ntibishoboka tudafite izi enzymes.

Ese hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa enzymes?

Yego, hari ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bwa enzymes mu mibiri yacu. Ariko ikintu kidasanzwe ni uko buri bwoko bwa enzyme bufite akazi kamwe gusa . Nk'uko urufunguzo rumwe rushobora gufungura urufunguzo rumwe gusa. Urugero, enzyme Sucrase isenya isukari sucrose. enzyme Lactase isenya isukari lactose iboneka mu bikomoka ku mata. Reka turebe ubwoko bumwe bw'ingenzi bwa enzymes busanzwe budufasha gusya ibiryo:

Ibice bya enzyme ni ibihe? Bikora bite?

Buri enzyme ifite ahantu hitwa 'ahantu hakora' . Aha hantu hari imiterere yihariye. Tuyita ikintu enzyme ikorera kuri 'substrate' . Iyi substrate nayo ifite imiterere yihariye. Nk'ingufuri n'urufunguzo. Iyi enzyme n'isubstrate bigomba guhuzwa neza kugira ngo bikore. Iyo bihuye gusa niho habaho reaction ya chemical.

Ni gute ubushyuhe na pH bigira ingaruka ku misemburo?

Imisemburo ikenera imiterere ikwiye y’ibidukikije kugira ngo ikore neza. Iyo ibi bintu bidakwiye, imisemburo ishobora guhindura imiterere. Icyo gihe ntabwo izaba ijyanye n’ibice twavuze mbere. Bityo, ntabwo izakora neza. Buri misemburo ifite ubushyuhe na pH byihariye ikwiriye:

• pH: Enzymes zikunda cyane aside na alkalinity. Ntizikora neza iyo ibidukikije birimo aside nyinshi cyangwa alkali nyinshi. Urugero, enzyme ya pepsin mu nda yacu isesagura poroteyine. Iyo udafite aside ihagije mu nda yawe, pepsin ntishobora gukora neza.
• Ubushyuhe: Imisemburo ikora neza iyo ubushyuhe bw'umubiri wawe buri ku rugero rusanzwe, ari rwo dogere selisiyusi 37 (37°C). Uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, imikorere ya enzymes nayo iriyongera. Ariko, iyo ubushyuhe bwiyongeye cyane, imisemburo irahagarara. Niyo mpamvu imikorere y'umubiri wacu igabanuka iyo dufite umuriro mwinshi.

Ni izihe ndwara ziterwa n'ibibazo bya enzymes?

Indwara za metabolike zikunze kubaho iyo hari enzyme runaka idafite ihagije. Izi ndwara zishobora kwanduzwa binyuze mu ngirabuzimafatizo (zikomoka ku babyeyi) zigahabwa abana. Reka turebe zimwe mu ndwara zisanzwe ziterwa na metabolic gene:

• Indwara ya Fabry : Iyi ni indwara aho umubiri udashobora gukora enzyme alpha-galactosidase A, ikenewe kugira ngo ivugurure lipide.
• Indwara ya Krabbe (globoid cell leukodystrophy): Ibi bigira ingaruka ku misemburo ikenewe mu kurinda uturemangingo tw’imitsi , ni ukuvuga myelin (Sisitemu yo hagati y’imitsi).
• Indwara y'inkari ya Maple syrup: Ibi bigira ingaruka ku misemburo ikenewe kugira ngo isenye aside amine zimwe na zimwe z'uruhererekane rw'amashami .

Uretse ibi, hari izindi ndwara zishobora guterwa n'ihindagurika ry'imisemburo:

• Indwara ya Crohn: Kudahuza kwa bagiteri mu mara yawe (gut microbiome ) bishobora gutera ubwirinzi bw'umubiri mu mara. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bimenyetso n'ubukana bw'indwara ya Crohn.
• Kunanirwa kwa pancreas mu nda (EPI): Ibi bibaho igihe pancreas yawe idakora imisemburo ihagije yo mu gifu, bivuze ko udashobora gusenya neza ibiryo cyangwa ngo ushobore kwinjiza intungamubiri.
• Kudakira Lactose: Ibi biterwa no kubura enzyme ikenewe mu gusya lactose, isukari iboneka mu mata no mu bikomoka ku mata.

Ni ryari wagombye kujya kwa muganga ku kibazo cya enzyme?

Ntabwo bishoboka kumenya neza niba ufite ikibazo cya enzymes udapimye amaraso. Ariko, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikurikira:

• Ububabare bwo mu nda
• Kubyimba cyangwa umwuka
• Impiswi
• Kumva unaniwe cyane (Umunaniro)
• Isesemi no kuruka
• Kugabanya ibiro mu buryo budasanzwe
• Anemia
• Kuva amaraso mu gifu