Ese ufite ibibazo bijyanye n'imivuduko y'umutima wawe? Reka tuvuge kuri Heart Block!

Ese wigeze ugira ububabare mu gatuza, guhumeka nabi, cyangwa ukumva umutima wawe utera ku buryo budasanzwe? Ushobora kuba warumvise uzungera cyangwa unaniwe. Ibi rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'indwara yitwa 'heart block', ibaho iyo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi mu mutima bitagenda neza. Uyu munsi, turabivugaho birambuye, nk'aho uri kuvugana n'inshuti yawe.

Igikomere cy'umutima ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Tekereza nk'akamashini gato gakenera amashanyarazi kugira ngo gakore. Muri ubwo buryo, umutima wacu ufite kandi sisitemu y'ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi yo gutsinda. Ibi bimenyetso bitangirira mu byumba bibiri byo hejuru by'umutima (ibyo twita `(Atria)`) bikajya mu byumba bibiri byo hasi by'umutima (`(Ventricles)`). Hagati y'ibi byumba byo hejuru n'ibyo hasi, nk'itara ry'imodoka, hari ahantu hagenzura ibimenyetso. Byitwa `(AV node)` (atrioventricular node).

Ubu, umutima ufunga ni igihe hari ubwoko bw'imbogamizi mu buryo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi biva hejuru bikagera hasi mu mutima. Wenda ibimenyetso bigenda buhoro buhoro, cyangwa bimwe mu bimenyetso ntibigere mu byumba byo hasi, cyangwa ibimenyetso bihagarara burundu.

Bigenda bite se? Umutima ushobora kudakora neza. Umutima ushobora gutera buhoro buhoro, kandi hari aho utera cyane. Mu bihe bikomeye, ibi bishobora kubangamira uburyo amaraso atembera mu mubiri wose, bigatera ibibazo bikomeye. Iyi ndwara ikunze kubaho mu gihe cy'amavuko, aho kuba ihari. Ibi kandi byitwa ``Atrioventricular (AV) block``` ndetse rimwe na rimwe ``conduction disorder```.

Ese hari ubwoko bw'indwara zo mu mutima?

Yego, ibi bice by'umutima bishobora kuza mu buryo butandukanye no ku rwego rutandukanye. Ni ukuvuga ko bishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ingano y'ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi cyafunzwe n'inshuro kibaho.

• Umutima ufunganye mu rwego rwa mbere: Muri iki gihe, ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi kijya mu byumba byo hasi by'umutima (ventricles), ariko buhoro buhoro. Hari gutinda gato iyo kinyuze muri node ya AV. Ubu ni bwo bwoko bw'ufunganye bworoheje cyane. Abantu benshi ntibazi ko babufite.
• Umutima ufunganye mu rwego rwa kabiri (utuzuye): Muri ibi, ibimenyetso bimwe by'amashanyarazi by'umutima ni byo bigera mu byumba byo hasi, si byose. Hariho kandi ubwoko bubiri bw'ibi:
• Ubwoko bwa I, `(Mobitz Ubwoko bwa I)` cyangwa `(Wenckebach's AV block)`: Ubu ni ubwoko budakomeye cyane. Ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi biragabanuka buhoro buhoro, amaherezo umutima utera rimwe.
• Ubwoko bwa II (Ubwoko bwa II), `(Mobitz Ubwoko bwa II)`: Muri ibi, nubwo ibimenyetso byinshi bijya mu byumba, rimwe na rimwe bimwe mu bimenyetso birahagarara mu buryo butunguranye. Hanyuma umutima utera nabi, ugatera buhoro ugereranije n'ibisanzwe. Ibi biba bikomeye gato , kandi ushobora gukenera `(Pacemaker)` (igikoresho gito gifasha umutima gukomeza gutera ku muvuduko usanzwe).
• Kuziba k'umutima mu rwego rwa gatatu: Uku ni ukuziba k'umutima burundu.Ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi biva mu byumba byo hejuru by'umutima (`(Atria)`) bijya mu byumba byo hasi (`(Ventricles)`) ntibinyura. Ibi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo umutima upompa amaraso mu mubiri. Iyi ni indwara ikomeye cyane , kandi ubuvuzi hafi ya bwose busaba `(Pacemaker)`.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibi?

Ibimenyetso by'indwara yo kuziba k'umutima bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye, bitewe n'uburemere bw'indwara yo kuziba k'umutima n'uburyo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umutima.

Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara ni ibi bikurikira:

• Kubabara mu gatuza
• Umunaniro, umunaniro
• Guhumeka bigoranye
• Kumva umutima wawe urimo gutera cyane (gutera cyane)
• Kongera umuvuduko wo guhumeka
• Isesemi
• Kuzungera, kumva umeze nk'uri kuzunguruka.
• Gutakaza ubwenge (gucika intege)

Ariko, abantu bafite ikibazo cyo kuziba k'umutima ku rwego rwa mbere bashobora kutagira ibimenyetso. Hari igihe bivumburwa iyo muganga akoze electrocardiogram (EKG) mu gihe cyo gusuzumwa buri gihe.

Mu ndwara y’umutima yo mu rwego rwa gatatu, ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bikomeye cyane, kuko umuvuduko w’umutima ugabanuka cyane. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye, ni ngombwa kwihutira gushaka abaganga.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera kuziba k'umutima?

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera kuziba k'umutima. Zimwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru ni izi:

• Indwara y'umutima
• Indwara y'imitsi itera umutima (CAD)
• Indwara z'imitsi y'umutima (`Cardiomyopathy`)
• Indwara z'imitsi y'umutima
• Kwangirika ku buryo budasanzwe kw'imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima
• Ibibazo by'imiterere y'umutima wavukanye
• Kwangirika k'umutima mu gihe cyo kubagwa umutima
• Ingaruka mbi z'imiti imwe n'imwe (urugero, imiti nka `(Beta-blockers)`, `(Digitalis)`, `(Calcium channel blockers)`)
• Guhura n'uburozi
• Kuruhuka mu gihe umuntu asinziriye nabi (OSA)
• Indwara ya tiroyide
• Hari ubwandu bumwe na bumwe, urugero `(indwara ya Lyme)`
• Indwara z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri
• Ibitagenda neza mu ngirabuzimafatizo

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye kuri ibi?

Ushobora kuba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara y'umutima niba:

• Niba ufite izindi ndwara z'umutima, nk'indwara y'imitsi itera umutima cyangwa indwara y'umutima.
• Niba waravutse ufite ikibazo cy'umutima.
• Niba ufite indwara ifata umutima, nka `(indwara y'umutima ya rubagimpande)` cyangwa `(Sarcoidosis)`.
• Niba "umutsi wawe w'inyuma" (umutsi ufasha kugenzura umuvuduko w'umutima wawe) utangiye gukora cyane kandi ugatuma umutima wawe utera buhoro buhoro.
• Niba ufata imiti igabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi y'umutima. Iyi ishobora kuba ikubiyemo imiti ivura indwara z'umutima n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (urugero: `(Beta-blockers)`, `(Diuretics)`, `(Calcium channel blockers)`, `(Digoxin)`), imiti ivura indwara z'umutima zidakora neza (`(Antiarrhythmics)`), imiti igabanya imitsi, ibinini byo gusinzira, n'imiti ivura kwiheba n'indwara zo mu mutwe.

Ni izihe ngorane ibi bishobora gutera?

Iyo indwara zo mu mutima zidavuwe neza, zishobora gutera ingorane zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Izi zirimo:

• Umutima unanirwa (kudashobora kohereza amaraso ahagije mu mubiri)
• Umutima utari umeze neza (`Arrhythmia`)
• Indwara y'umutima
• Guhagarara k'umutima mu buryo butunguranye (umutima uhagarara mu buryo butunguranye)

Ni gute wasuzuma indwara yo kubura umutima?

Kugira ngo amenye niba ufite ikibazo cy'umutima, muganga wawe azakora ibi bikurikira:

• Amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi azasuzumwa.
• Baza amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe.
• Bazakubaza ibibazo bijyanye n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, imirire, ingeso zo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, n'ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bwawe.
• Barakubaza ku miti ufata (yaba iyanditswe na muganga wawe ndetse n'iyo uguze muri farumasi).
• Barakubaza niba unywa itabi cyangwa ukoresha ibindi biyobyabwenge.
• Bazatega amatwi umutima wawe kandi barebe uko umutima wawe utera.
• Reba ibimenyetso by'indwara y'umutima (urugero: kubyimba amaguru n'utuguru).

Umuganga wawe w’umutima ashobora kandi kukwohereza kwa electrophysiologist (inzobere mu mikorere y’amashanyarazi y’umutima).

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibizamini bizakorwa?

Kugira ngo umenye neza iyi ndwara, ushobora gukora ibizamini bikurikira:

• Gupima amaraso
• Ibipimo by'uturemangingo
• Electrocardiogram (EKG)
• Ambulatory monitor (igikoresho gito cyandika umuvuduko w'umutima wawe mu minsi myinshi)
• Imashini ifata amashusho (icyuma gikurikirana uko umutima utera igihe kirekire)
• Inyigo ya Electrophysiology (uburyo bwihariye busuzuma imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima)
• Ikizamini cy'imihangayiko (`Ikizamini cy'imihangayiko` - kureba uko umutima ukora mu gihe cy'imyitozo ngororamubiri)

Ivurwa ite?

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara yo kubura umutima buratandukanye bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Ushobora kuba uri mu bitaro kugira ngo ukurikirane umutima wawe. Kugira ngo ucunge ikibazo cyawe, umuganga w'indwara z'umutima azasuzuma ibi bikurikira:

• Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'indwara yo mu mutima ufite?
• Ni ikintu gikomeye gute?
• Bigira izihe ngaruka ku mikorere y'umutima wawe?
• Ibimenyetso byawe ni ibihe?

Hari igihe umutima ufungana ugenda ushira iyo uhinduye imiti ufata cyangwa uvura indi ndwara y'umutima. Ariko abandi bashobora gukenera pacemaker, haba by'agateganyo cyangwa burundu, kugira ngo yohereze ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi ku mutima.

• Kuziba kw'urwego rwa mbere: Birashoboka cyane ko utazakenera kuvurwa.
• Kuziba kw'igipimo cya kabiri: Niba ufite ubwoko bwa mbere, birashoboka ko utazakenera kuvurwa. Ariko niba ufite ibimenyetso, ushobora gukenera pacemaker y'igihe gito cyangwa ihoraho kugira ngo umutima wawe ukomeze gutera neza.
• Kuziba kw'igipimo cya gatatu: Abantu bafite ubwo bwoko hafi ya bose bakeneye pacemaker.

Niba ukeneye pacemaker, muganga wawe azakubwira ijyanye nayo, ubwoko bukubereye, n'icyo wakwitega mbere, mu gihe na nyuma yuko pacemaker ishyizwemo.

Ni izihe ngaruka mbi/ingaruka mbi z'ubuvuzi?

Niba ufite pacemaker y'agateganyo cyangwa ihoraho, ushobora kugira ingaruka mbi nka:

• Ibibazo bijyanye na porogaramu y'ibikoresho
• Ikosa ry'ibikoresho
• Kwandura
• Amaraso apfutse
• Kwangirika k'umutima

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire ubu buvuzi?

Nyuma yo gushyiramo pacemaker, uzakenera kumara ijoro rimwe mu bitaro. Ugomba kuba ushobora gukomeza imirimo yawe isanzwe mu minsi mike cyangwa ibyumweru bike. Baza muganga wawe icyo utagomba gukora nyuma yo kubagwa.

Ese indwara z'umutima zishobora kwirindwa?

Ushobora kwirinda zimwe mu mpamvu zitera umutima gucika intege, nk'indwara z'umutima.

Ibintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo umutima wawe n'umubiri wawe bikomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza uko bishoboka kose:

• Baho ubuzima bwiza bushingiye ku mutima. Ibyo bivuze kurya ibiryo bikungahaye ku mutima, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe , gusinzira bihagije buri joro, kugabanya stress, kugabanya inzoga, no kwirinda kunywa itabi no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge.
• Vugana na muganga wawe ku miti n'inyongeramusaruro ufata. Ashobora kugenzura niba hari ikintu ufata kirimo guhindura urugero rusanzwe rw'ibintu bimwe na bimwe mu mubiri wawe (nka potasiyumu, kalisiyumu, na manyeziyumu, ari ingenzi ku mikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima). Muganga wawe ashobora guhindura imiti yawe bibaye ngombwa.

Bigenda bite iyo mfite ikibazo cy'umutima?

Niba ufite ikibazo cy’umutima cyo ku rwego rwa mbere, baza inzobere mu by’umutima cyangwa electrophysiologist niba ukeneye guhindura imibereho yawe cyangwa imiti. Ubu bwoko bw’indwara y’umutima akenshi ntibubangamira ibikorwa byawe bisanzwe.

Ubusanzwe, kugira pacemaker ntibigabanya cyane ubushobozi bwawe bwo kwitabira siporo no mu myidagaduro. Ariko, ni ngombwa cyane gukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe kugira ngo umenye neza ko pacemaker yawe ikora neza.

Gufunga umutima bimara igihe kingana iki?

Igihe umutima wawe uzamara biterwa n'impamvu. Gusimbuza umuti utera umutima undi muti bishobora gukemura ikibazo. Ariko niba umutima wawe uterwa n'ikindi kintu, birashoboka ko ari indwara y'ubuzima bwawe bwose.

Ni iki kizatuma umutima ufungana?

Kuziba k'umutima ni indwara ishobora kuba ikomeye. Iyo itavuwe, kuziba k'umutima gukomeye bishobora gutera umutima guhagarara mu buryo butunguranye. Ariko akenshi, kuziba k'umutima kutavuwe bishobora gutera isereri cyangwa gucika intege.

Ku bijyanye n'ubuvuzi, imimerere yawe iterwa n'imyaka yawe n'izindi ndwara ufite.

Nkwiye kwiyitaho nte? (Cyane cyane niba ufite pacemaker)

Niba ufite pacemaker, ibuka ibi bintu:

• Irinde ibikoresho bya rukuruzi n'igikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose gitanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Ibi bivuze ko ugomba kuguma nibura muri santimetero 1.5 uvuye kuri telefoni zigendanwa. Urugero, ntugashyire telefoni yawe mu mufuka w'ishati yawe.
• Mu gihe unyura mu bigenzurwa by’umutekano (urugero: ku bibuga by’indege, mu nkiko), bwira abashinzwe kugenzura ko ufite pacemaker kandi ko ugomba kwirinda inkoni zo mu ntoki. Buri gihe ujye witwaza ikarita igaragaza ubwoko bwa pacemaker yawe.
• Bwira abatanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi (abaganga, abaganga b'amenyo) ko ufite pacemaker. Uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kwa muganga, nko gupima magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bushobora kubangamira pacemaker yawe. Nyuma yo kubagwa ubwoko bumwe na bumwe, muganga wawe ashobora gukenera kuvugurura pacemaker yawe.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite pacemaker, umuhanga mu by'umutima azayisuzuma buri gihe kugira ngo arebe ko ikomeza gukora neza. Bashobora kugukurikirana bari kure, ariko uzakomeza gukenera kujya imbonankubone buri mwaka aho muganga ashobora kugenzura pacemaker yawe no gukora impinduka zikenewe.

Hamagara muganga wawe niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso:

• Kuzungera cyangwa gucika intege
• Kubabara mu gatuza
• Umutima utera cyane cyangwa gutera gusimbuka
• Intege nke
• Guhumeka bigoranye
• Kubyimba ibirenge, utuguru cyangwa utubuto

Ni ryari ugomba kujya mu Kigo cyita ku Buvuzi bw’Ingoboka (ETU) ?

Niba ufite indwara y'umutima cyangwa umutima uhagaze, ukeneye ubufasha bwihuse bwa muganga. Menyesha umuryango wawe n'abo mukorana ibi byago (n'ibimenyetso). Hanyuma bashobora guhamagara 1990 (cyangwa nimero y'ubutabazi bw'ibanze yo mu gace utuyemo).

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga?

Ibibazo bimwe na bimwe ushobora kubaza muganga wawe:

• Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'indwara yo mu mutima mfite?
• Ese nkeneye kuvurwa?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kuvura kuri njye?
• Niba umwana wanjye afite indwara y'umutima yavukanye, ese n'abana banjye bazaza bashobora kuyirwara?

Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba iyo ubabara mu gatuza cyangwa ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka. Ariko iyo usanzwe ufite ikibazo cy'umutima, urashobora gusobanukirwa impamvu ufite ibyo bimenyetso. Inkuru nziza ni uko ku bakeneye kuvurwa, imiti cyangwa pacemaker bishobora kugufasha gukomeza gutera umutima wawe uko usanzwe. Mu gihe uganira kuri gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa, menya neza ko wabajije muganga wawe ikintu cyose kitazwi neza.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Kuziba k'umutima ni ikibazo kijyanye n'imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima. Bishobora kuva ku byoroheje kugeza ku bikomeye. Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso, cyane cyane ububabare bwo mu gituza, kubura umwuka, cyangwa gucika intege, hita ugana muganga.

Ku bw'amahirwe, hari uburyo bwo kuvura ibi. Hari abantu babona ihumure iyo bahinduye imiti, abandi bakabaho ubuzima busanzwe bakoresheje pacemaker. Icy'ingenzi ni ukwita ku mutima wawe, gukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe, no kubaza muganga wawe niba ufite ikibazo. Ntabwo uri wenyine, kandi hari abaganga bashobora kugufasha muri uru rugendo.

` Umutima ufunga, Umutima utera, Umuvuduko w'umutima, Ibimenyetso by'umutima, Indwara z'umutima, Ubuzima bw'umutima