Ese ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka, ububabare mu gituza, cyangwa wumva unaniwe cyane nubwo waba ukora imirimo isanzwe? Muganga wawe ashobora kuba yarakubwiye ko ibi biterwa n'ikibazo cy'umutima. Ashobora kandi kuba yarakubwiye ko ugomba kubagwa kugira ngo usimbuze uwo mugozi (Heart Valve Replacement Surgery). Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba no guhangayika gato iyo wumvise ikintu nk'iki. Niyo mpamvu twatekereje ko twabiganiraho mu buryo bworoshye ushobora gusobanukirwa.
Kuki umutima ukeneye imiyoboro y'amaraso (valve)? Ibi bivuze iki?
Mu magambo make, umutima wacu umeze nk'ipompo ifite ibyumba bine. Hagati y'ibyo byumba hari inzugi enye zifasha amaraso gukomeza gutembera mu cyerekezo kimwe gusa. Izo nzugi nizo twita uturindantoki tw'umutima .
Kubera ko izi valve zifunguka kandi zigafunga neza, amaraso atembera neza.
- Kuva ku gice kimwe cy'umutima ujya ku kindi.
- Ibihaha bibona ogisijeni.
- Umutsi mukuru w'amaraso (Aorta) wohereza amaraso akungahaye kuri ogisijeni mu mubiri wose.
Tekereza ko amazi ari mu gikoni cyacu adasohoka neza. Amazi arafunga, cyangwa agakomeza gutemba. Ibyo ni ko biba iyo hari umugozi urwaye. Amaraso araziba, cyangwa amaraso agasubira inyuma (regurgitation). Ibi bituma umutima ukora cyane.
Muri iki gihe, muganga azabanza kugerageza kuyigenzura akoresheje imiti. Ariko iyo bidakunze, valve ishobora gukenera gusanwa cyangwa gusimburwa burundu.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa valve bukoreshwa mu guhinduranya?
Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'imitsi. Umuganga wawe azahitamo ubwoko bukubereye, akurikije ibintu nk'imyaka yawe, ubuzima bwawe, n'imibereho yawe.
1. Valves z'ibinyabuzima
Izi ni valve zikozwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo. Zitwa kandi valve za tissue cyangwa valve za bioprosthetic .
- Uduce tw'inka: Duturutse ku ruhu rutwikiriye umutima w'inka.
- Inyama z'ingurube: Zivuye mu mugozi w'umutima w'ingurube.
- Homograft: Umugozi w'umutima w'umuntu wakuwe ku muntu wapfuye. Uwu mugozi ukunze gukoreshwa ku bantu bakiri bato cyangwa abo imigozi yabo yangiritse kubera ubwandu.
2. Valves z'imashini
Izi ni valve zikozwe mu bikoresho biramba nka karuboni na titaniyumu. Zagenewe gukora nk' valve zawe bwite. Ziramba cyane kandi zimara igihe kirekire.
Iyo ushyizeho valve zimwe na zimwe za mechanical, ushobora kumva urusaku ruto rw'"gukanda" iyo rufungutse kandi rugafunga. Ibi ni ibisanzwe kandi nta mpungenge ugomba kugira.
Biyoloji cyangwa iy'imashini? Uhitamo ute?
Iki cyemezo ni ingenzi cyane. Biganireho witonze na muganga wawe. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo izaguha igitekerezo cyiza cy'itandukaniro riri hagati yabyo byombi.
| Ikiranga | Valve y'ibinyabuzima | Valve ya Mechanical |
|---|---|---|
| Kuramba | Ubusanzwe kimara imyaka 15-20. Gusubiramo ibikorwa bishobora kuba ngombwa. | Iramba cyane. Yagenewe kuramba ubuzima bwose. |
| Imiti igabanya amaraso | Abantu benshi ntibakeneye gufata iyi miti (urugero: Warfarin) ubuzima bwabo bwose. | Ni ngombwa gufata imiti igabanya amaraso (nka Warfarin) ubuzima bwawe bwose . |
| Ni nde ukwiriye? | Ikwiriye cyane abantu bari hagati y'imyaka 60-65, abadashaka gufata imiti igabanya amaraso , n'abagore bateganya gutwita. | Ikwiriye cyane abantu bakiri bato kandi bakora cyane (urugero, bari munsi y'imyaka 50 kuri valve ya Aortic, bari munsi y'imyaka 65 kuri valve ya Mitral). |
| Imbogamizi | Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ishobora gusaza igakenera gusimburwa. | Imiti y'ubuzima bwose no gupimwa amaraso kenshi birakenewe. Hari ibyago byo kuva amaraso. |
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kubaga?
Ubu hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kubaga valve.
1. Kubaga Umutima Ufunguye: Ubu buryo ni bwo busanzwe. Ubu buryo bukorwa binyuze mu gukata igice kinini hagati mu igufwa ryo mu gituza.
2. Kubaga mu buryo budakunze kwangiza umubiri: Ibi bikubiyemo gukata gato mu gituza. Ibi bituma umuntu atakaza amaraso menshi, kandi ibyago byo kwandura bikaba bike.
3. Gusimbuza Valve y'imitsi ya Transcatheter (TAVR): Ubu buryo ni bushya kandi bugezweho. Igituza ntigifungurwa. Catheter (umuyoboro muto) inyuzwa mu mitsi y'amaraso ijya mu mutima binyuze mu gace gato k'igituza cyangwa mu gituza, hanyuma valve nshya ishyirwa muri valve ishaje igakosorwa. Ubu buryo burakwiriye cyane ku bantu badashobora kwihanganira ibyago byo kubagwa mu buryo bwihuse.
Bigenda bite nyuma yo kubagwa? Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire?
Nyuma yo kubagwa, uzaguma mu cyumba cy’indembe (ICU) kugira ngo ukurikiranwe mu gihe cy’umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri. Hanyuma uzajya wimurirwa mu cyumba rusange. Igihe cyose ugiye kumara mu bitaro gishobora gufata iminsi 5-7.
Igihe cyo gukira:
- Bishobora gufata ukwezi cyangwa abiri kugira ngo umuntu akire neza. Iyo habayeho kubagwa gake cyane, igihe cyo gukira kiba gito cyane.
- Uzumva unaniwe vuba mu byumweru bike bya mbere. Ibyo ni ibisanzwe. Uzongera kugarura imbaraga buhoro buhoro.
- Ntugaterure ibiro birenga 4.5 (4.5 kg) mu gihe cy'ibyumweru 6-8.
- Ntugatware imodoka mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bike. Baza muganga wawe inama kuri ibi.
Umaze gutaha uvuye mu bitaro, ushobora koherezwa muri gahunda yo kuvura indwara z'umutima, izagufasha cyane gukira vuba.
Igihe cyo kubonana na muganga wawe ako kanya
Niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bikurikira, gana muganga wawe cyangwa ujye kwa muganga vuba:
- Umuriro.
- Igikomere cyo kubagwa kiba cyabyimbye, gitukura, cyangwa gisohora amabyi.
- Kubabara cyane mu gituza.
- Kongera ibiro bya kilo 2-3 mu minsi mike (bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyo kubika amazi).
- Guhumeka bigoranye cyane.
- Guhangayika cyane mu mutwe cyangwa kwiheba.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Kubaga imitsi y'umutima ubu ni uburyo bwiza cyane kandi burokora ubuzima, bityo ntukagire ubwoba burenze urugero.
- Ubwoko bw'umugozi (w'ibinyabuzima cyangwa uw'imashini) n'uburyo bwo kubaga bukubereye bizagenwa na muganga wawe, akurikije ibintu nk'imyaka yawe n'ubuzima bwawe.
- Iyo ushyizemo valve y'imashini, uzakenera gufata imiti igabanya amaraso no gukorerwa ibizamini bya muganga buri gihe ubuzima bwawe bwose.
- Bifata igihe kugira ngo umuntu akire neza nyuma yo kubagwa. Ni ngombwa cyane gukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga neza.
- Niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose kijyanye no kubagwa cyangwa ingorane zishobora kuvuka nyuma yako, ntutindiganye kubaza muganga wawe.
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