Ushobora kuba warumvise indwara zitandukanye z'umwijima. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara y'umwijima isa nayo, ariko itandukanye gato. Iyo ni Hepatite D. Ni iki kidasanzwe kuri yo, uburyo bwo kuyirinda, reka tubimenye byose uyu munsi.

Hepatite D ni iki?

Muri make, Hepatite D ni indwara iterwa na virusi itera kubyimba umwijima . Ariko, itandukaniro rikomeye ni uko virusi ya Hepatite D (HDV) idashobora gutera indwara ubwayo. Ese ntabwo ari ibintu bitangaje? Yego, kugira ngo iyi virusi itere indwara mu mubiri wawe , igomba guhuzwa na virusi ya Hepatite B (HBV) . Bivuze ko ushobora kurwara Hepatite D gusa iyo usanzwe ufite Hepatite B, cyangwa iyo urwaye Hepatite B. Urabyumva? Oya rwose.

Kwandura Hepatite D bishobora kubaho mu buryo bubiri bw'ingenzi:

1. Kwandura indwara ikabije: Muri iki gihe, ibimenyetso bigaragara vuba kandi bishobora kumara ibyumweru bike cyangwa amezi make. Hari igihe bishobora koroha ubwabyo.

2. Kwandura indwara idakira: Iyi ni yo iteye akaga cyane. Kwandura indwara idakira bishobora kuba indwara idakira. Muri icyo gihe, ibimenyetso bimara amezi arenga atandatu. Ibi bishobora kwangiza umwijima igihe kirekire.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa Hepatite D?

Reka turebe ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'ubwandu bwa Hepatite D mu buryo burambuye.

Ubwinshi bw'indwara ya Coinfection ni iki?

Kwandura indwara imwe ni igihe wandujwe virusi ya hepatite B (HBV) na virusi ya hepatite D (HDV) icyarimwe . Tekereza nko kwibasirwa na virusi zombi icyarimwe. Muri iki gihe, ibimenyetso akenshi bisa n'ibya hepatite B, ariko virusi zombi zishobora kuba zikomeye kuko ziba ziri kumwe. Ibi bivuze ko indwara ishobora kuba ikomeye gato. Ariko hari inkuru nziza. Iyo ufite iyi ndwara, amahirwe yo kuba idakira rimwe na rimwe aba make.

Ubwinshi bw'indwara zo mu bwoko bwa superinfection ni iki?

Ubu, kwandura indwara zidasanzwe ni indwara itandukanye gato kandi iteje akaga kurushaho . Icyo bibaho ni uko usanzwe ufite ubwandu bwa hepatite B , bivuze ko ufite virusi ya HBV mu mubiri wawe (wenda mu buryo buhoraho). Hanyuma, ufata ubwandu bushya bwa virusi ya hepatite D (HDV). Ni nk'aho ufite indwara imwe hanyuma hakaza indi ndwara. Iyo ufite ubwandu nk'ubu, ibimenyetso bya hepatite B bya mbere bishobora kongera kugaragara mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa bikarushaho gukomera . Kenshi na kenshi, ubu bwandu budasanzwe bufite amahirwe menshi yo kuba indwara idakira (hafi 90%).Ibyo bivuze ko iyi ndwara ishobora kumara igihe kirekire mu mubiri kandi igipimo cyo kwangirika k'umwijima nacyo kikaba kiri hejuru.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya Hepatite D?

Ibimenyetso bya Hepatite D bisa cyane n'iby'ubundi bwoko bwa hepatite. Hari abantu bashobora kutagira ibimenyetso na gato. Ariko, niba ibimenyetso bigaragaye, ushobora kwitega ibi bikurikira:

• Kugira umuriro .
• Kubabara mu gifu , cyane cyane mu gice cyo hejuru cy'iburyo cy'inda (aho umwijima uri).
• Isesemi no kuruka .
• Anorexia , kubura ubushake ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kurya.
• Inkari zawe zirimo kwijima , nk'ibara ry'amazi y'icyayi.
• Ku rundi ruhande, intebe yawe izahinduka ibara ry'umukara, wenda ndetse igire imvi .
• Amaso ahinduka umuhondo, uruhu rugahinduka umuhondo - ibi ni byo twita jaundice . Ibi bibaho iyo umwijima udashobora gutunganya neza ikintu cyitwa bilirubin.
• Kumva unaniwe .

Kwandura Hepatite D bishobora kongera ibimenyetso bya Hepatite B usanzwe ufite.

Ni iki gitera Hepatite D?

Impamvu y'ibi ni Virusi ya Hepatite Delta , cyangwa HDV mu magambo ahinnye. Ariko nk'uko twabivuze mbere, ntacyo ishobora gukora yonyine. Nta gushidikanya ko ikeneye Virusi ya Hepatite B (HBV) kugira ngo ikomeze kubaho no gukora kopi nyinshi za virusi (ni ukuvuga kugira ngo ikwirakwire). Niyo mpamvu, niba ushaka kwandura Hepatite D, ugomba no kugira virusi ya HBV mu mubiri wawe.

Hepatite D yandurira ite?

Hepatite D yandura kimwe na Hepatite B. Ni ukuvuga iyo amaraso cyangwa andi matembabuzi yo mu mubiri (urugero: amasohoro, imisemburo yo mu gitsina) by'umuntu wanduye byinjiye mu mubiri w'umuntu muzima. Dore uburyo bw'ingenzi yanduramo:

• Kuva mu mibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye (ni ukuvuga kudakoresha agakingirizo mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ikorwa mu gitsina, mu kanwa, cyangwa mu kibuno).
• Mu gusangira inshinge n'inshinge zikoreshwa mu gutera imiti . Ibi bishobora no kubaho iyo ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gutera imiti imwe n'imwe bidasukuwe neza.
• Ku bakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima, bafatwa n'ikintu kimeze nk'urushinge mu gihe bakorana n'abarwayi.
• Birashoboka ko virusi yandurira umwana iva ku mubyeyi mu gihe cyo kubyara. Ariko, ibi ni gake cyane , cyane cyane iyo hafashwe ingamba zikenewe zo kwirinda.
• Hari kandi ibyago byo gukoresha ibikoresho bidafite imiti ihumanya mu gihe cyo kwishushanya ku matwi cyangwa kwibasira amatwi.

Ni nde ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara Hepatite D?

Amatsinda akurikira ari mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara Hepatite D:

• Abantu basanzwe bafite ubwandu bwa Hepatite B(Bitabaye ibi, D ntiyari kubaho!)
• Abantu batera ibiyobyabwenge , cyane cyane iyo basangiye inshinge.
• Abantu bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina n'umuntu urwaye indwara ya hepatite B (HBV) na D (HDV).
• Abantu baba mu rugo rumwe n'umuntu urwaye hepatite B (HBV) na D (HDV) (urugero, niba basangiye ibintu nk'imashini zo kogosha n'uburoso bw'amenyo).
• Abantu banduye agakoko gatera SIDA .
• Iyo abagabo baryamana n'abagabo (batirinze).
• Abantu bakora mu buvuzi cyangwa mu zindi nzego bakunze guhura n'amaraso n'amazi yo mu mubiri.
• Abantu bafite indwara z'impyiko barimo gukorerwa hemodialysis .

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa n'indwara ya Hepatite D?

Hepatite D, cyane cyane iyo ibaye akarande, ishobora kwangiza umwijima cyane. Dore zimwe mu ngorane zikomeye:

• Kurwara Cirrhose: Iki ni cyo gihe umwijima ugenda ucika inkovu buhoro buhoro ntushobore gukora imirimo yawo isanzwe. Nk'uko inkovu ibaho ku ruhu rwacu iyo tugize igikomere, inkovu nazo zibaho mu mwijima. Ibi bibangamira imikorere y'umwijima.
• Kunanirwa k'umwijima: Iyi ni indwara ikomeye. Umwijima ntushobora gukora akazi kawo kose. Ushobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.
• Kanseri y'umwijima: Iyi ni ubwoko bwa kanseri itera umwijima. Abantu barwaye hepatitis D idakira bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara iyi kanseri.

Wamenya ute ko urwaye Hepatite D?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya Hepatite D, cyangwa niba uri mu itsinda ry’abantu bashobora kwandura, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga no gupimwa. Abaganga bakoresha cyane cyane ibipimo by’amaraso kugira ngo babimenye. Laboratwari izasuzuma amaraso yawe kugira ngo irebe ibice bya virusi (HDV RNA) cyangwa antibodies (anti-HDV antibodies) zakozwe kuri virusi.

Byongeye kandi, ushobora gukenera gupimwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya ultrasound , gupimwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya FibroScan cyangwa Elastography , ndetse rimwe na rimwe no gupimwa umwijima kugira ngo urebe uko umwijima wawe umeze no kureba niba nta nkovu zihari.

Ese hari umuti wuzuye wa Hepatite D?

Mu by'ukuri, nta muti uraboneka wa Hepatite D. Iki ni cyo kintu kibabaje cyane. Ariko, ubwandu bwa HDV bukabije rimwe na rimwe bushobora gukira hatabayeho kuvurwa (cyane cyane mu gihe cy'ubwandu bwa coincidence).

Ariko ku bantu barwaye hepatite D idakira, abaganga bashobora gutanga ubu buryo bwo kuvura. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bugerageza kugenzura virusi, kugabanya kwangirika k'umwijima, no gukumira ingorane.

• Urushinge rwa Peginterferon alfa: Uru ni urushinge ufata rimwe mu cyumweru. Ubusanzwe rutangwa mu gihe cy'umwaka umwe. Rufasha ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe kurwanya indwara. Ariko rushobora kugira ingaruka mbi.
• Bulevirtide (Hepcludex®): Uyu ni umuti mushya ugabanya ubukana bw'indwara ziterwa na virusi. Urinda virusi ya HDV kwinjira mu turemangingo tw'umwijima. Wemejwe mu kuvura HDV mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, ariko si hose.
• Gutera umwijima: Niba umwijima wawe wangiritse cyane kandi ukananirwa, bishobora kuba ngombwa ko utera umwijima mushya nk'uburyo bwa nyuma.

Uburyo bushya bwo kuvura buracyakorerwa ubushakashatsi.

Bizagenda bite iyo ndwaye Hepatite D?

Iyo ufashwe na hepatite D, muganga wawe azakurikirana ubuzima bw'umwijima wawe neza . Ibi bishobora kuba birimo kwisuzumisha buri gihe, gupima amaraso, no gupima. Kwandura hepatite D cyangwa HBV/HDV bishobora kurangira nta kuvurwa mu byumweru cyangwa amezi make.

Ariko, mu bihe byinshi, indwara ikomeye cyane ihinduka indwara ya hepatite D idakira. Indwara idakira ishobora kumara igihe kirenga amezi atandatu, rimwe na rimwe ndetse n'imyaka. Muganga wawe ashobora kuguvura umwaka umwe cyangwa irenga.

Ni iki giteganyijwe ku ndwara ya Hepatite D?

Urupfu ruturutse ku kwandura kwa HBV/HDV mu buryo butunguranye ni gake cyane (hafi 1-5%), ariko gukira bishobora gufata ibyumweru cyangwa amezi.

Ariko, indwara idakira ya HBV/HDV superinfection ni mbi cyane . Hagati ya 70% na 80% by'abantu bafite iyi ndwara amaherezo bazarwara cirrhose. Ibi bishobora kubaho vuba, mu myaka ibiri ya mbere yanduye, cyangwa bishobora gufata imyaka 5 kugeza ku 10. Ikibabaje ni uko umubare munini w'abantu barwaye hepatite D idakira (raporo zimwe zivuga ko bagera kuri 15% mu myaka 5-10) bazapfa bazize ingorane nka kanseri y'umwijima cyangwa kunanirwa k'umwijima. Niyo mpamvu gusuzuma no gucunga hakiri kare ari ingenzi.

Ese Hepatite D ishobora kwirindwa?

Yego, urashobora! Uburyo bwiza kandi bw'ingenzi bwo kwirinda Hepatite D ni ukwirinda Hepatite B. Kuko, Hepatite D idashobora kwandura idafite Hepatite B.

• Ukingiwe Hepatite B.Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Uru rukingo ni rwiza kandi rufite akamaro. Niba utararwara Hepatite B, fata uru rukingo nta kabuza.
• Niba utekereza ko ushobora kuba warahuye na hepatite B (urugero, niba warahuye n'amaraso y'umuntu wanduye), ushobora gukingirwa vuba bishoboka. Ushobora kandi kubona umuti witwa hepatite B immunoglobulin (HBIG) mu masaha 24-48. Ibi bishobora gufasha kwirinda kwandura.

Niba usanzwe urwaye Hepatite B, ushobora gukora ibi kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kwandura indwara idasanzwe:

• Ambara uturindantoki twanduye mu gihe ushobora gukora ku maraso, amabyi cyangwa andi matembabuzi yo mu mubiri.
• Ntugasangire inshinge n'inshinge zikoreshwa mu gutera imiti n'abandi .
• Ntugasangire n'abandi ibintu byawe bwite nk'uburoso bw'amenyo n'urwembe .
• Koresha agakingirizo mu gihe cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina iyo ari yo yose.
• Fata imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara ya Hepatite B nk'uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse.

Niba utwite kandi ufite ubwandu bwa Hepatite B cyangwa HBV/HDV, abaganga bashobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura umwana wawe binyuze mu gukingiza no kuvura umwana wawe ako kanya nyuma yo kuvuka.

Ni gute nakwita ku buzima bwanjye? (Niba mfite hepatite)

Niba urwaye hepatite (B cyangwa D), hari ibintu byinshi wakora kugira ngo ugabanye kwangirika k'umwijima wawe:

• Irinde inzoga burundu. Iyo inzoga yinjiye mu mwijima, yangiza uturemangingo twayo. Umwijima usanzwe urwaye ntushobora kubyihanganira.
• Niba unywa itabi, ukarireka cyangwa ntugatangire. Kunywa itabi nabyo ni bibi ku mwijima.
• Komeza kugira ibiro bizima bikubereye. Kugira umubyibuho ukabije bishobora kongera indwara y'umwijima irimo ibinure mu gutera ibinure kwiyongera mu mwijima.
• Baza muganga wawe cyangwa inzobere mu by'imirire ku byo ukwiye kurya no kwirinda kugira ngo umwijima wawe ukomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza. Indyo yuzuye ni ingenzi.
• Baza muganga wawe imiti igurishwa mu iduka (OTC) ikubereye kandi ukwiye kuyigabanya. Urugero, gufata imiti igabanya ububabare nka acetaminophen (Tylenol®) buri gihe ntabwo ari byiza ku mwijima wawe. Rero uyikoreshe gusa nk'uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse.
• Jya kwa muganga wawe ku gihe kandi uhabwe ibizamini byose byagusabye kugira ngo urebe ubuzima bw'umwijima wawe. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya hepatite (nk'umuriro, kubabara umubiri, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, umuhondo w'umuhondo), cyangwa niba ufite hepatite B kandi ibimenyetso byawe bikarushaho kwiyongera, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga . Nanone, niba utekereza ko ushobora kuba warahuye na hepatite B cyangwa D, shaka inama kwa muganga.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu Ishami ry’Ubuvuzi bw’Ingoboka (ETU) ?

Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso bikomeye, jya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze cy’ibitaro vuba :

• Niba urwaye igifu cyane .
• Niba urimo kuruka cyane , cyangwa niba ntacyo ushobora kugabanya.
• Iyo uruka amaraso cyangwa urusenda bisa n'ibinyobwa bya kawa.
• Iyo umuhondo wiyongereye (amaso n'uruhu bihinduka umuhondo wijimye).
• Iyo ubwenge busa n'aho budafite ubushobozi bwo gutekereza , niba bisa n'ibigoye kugumana ubwenge, niba habayeho urujijo (ibi twita hepatic encephalopathy ).
• Iyo inkari ari umukara wijimye cyangwa ingano y'inkari zikorwa igabanuka cyane.
• Niba intebe yawe ifite ibara ry'ibumba cyangwa ibara ryoroheje .
• Niba igifu cyawe kibyimbye cyane.

Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'uko umwijima wangiritse cyane.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, byaba byiza ubajije ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'indwara ya hepatite mfite?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura mfite?
• Ubu buvuzi bumara igihe kingana iki?
• Nigute nkwiye gukoresha uyu muti? Ese hari ingaruka mbi?
• Ese hari ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa ibimenyetso birushaho kwiyongera nkwiye kumenya by'umwihariko?
• Umwijima wanjye umeze ute ubu? Ni ibihe bipimo nagombaga kuba narakoze mu gihe kizaza?
• Ni iki nakora kugira ngo wirinde ko ibi bikwirakwira no ku bandi?
• Niba mfite Hepatite B, ni iki kindi nakora kugira ngo ngire indwara ya Hepatite D?

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya Hepatite B na Hepatite D?

Hepatite B na Hepatite D ni ubwoko bubiri bw'indwara zandura. Byombi bigira ingaruka ku mwijima. Ariko itandukaniro rikomeye ni uko Hepatite D ishobora kwanduza gusa iyo urwaye Hepatite B, cyangwa niba usanzwe ufite Hepatite B. Virusi ya Hepatite D (HDV) imeze nk'iy'itera "ituzuye"; ntabwo ishobora gukora yonyine, ikeneye "ubufasha" bwa HBV.

Si abantu bose barwaye hepatite B bazarwara hepatite D. Mu by’ukuri, abantu benshi barwaye hepatite B ntibarwara hepatite D.

Indwara ya Hepatite D ikunze kugaragara gute?

Hagati ya 5% na 15% by'abantu ku isi yose bafite indwara ya hepatite B.– Ibyo bivuze ko abantu bari hagati ya miliyoni 12 na 45 – nabo banduye indwara ya HDV, nk'uko abahanga babivuga. Hepatite D ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Afurika (urugero, Afurika yo Hagati), Aziya (urugero, Mongoliya, Pakisitani), ikibaya cy'uruzi rwa Amazone muri Amerika y'Epfo, no mu bice bimwe by'Uburayi bw'Iburasirazuba. Ntabwo ikunze kugaragara cyane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika cyangwa mu Burayi bw'Iburengerazuba. Ntabwo ikunze kugaragara cyane muri Sri Lanka, ariko ibyago byo kurwara iyo ndwara birahari.

Virusi ya Hepatite D ikora mu buryo butandukanye gato n’izindi virusi. Ni ukuvuga ko ikenera ubufasha bwa virusi ya Hepatite B (HBV) kugira ngo itere indwara. Ku bw'amahirwe, intambwe iyo ari yo yose ushobora gutera kugira ngo wirinde HBV izagufasha no kukurinda Hepatite D. Nanone, urukingo rwa Hepatite B ruherutse gushyirwaho byatumye umubare w'abantu barwaye Hepatite B, bityo na Hepatite D ku isi yose ugabanuka. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kuko hari abantu bashobora kurwara Hepatite B badafite ibimenyetso.

Niba ufite ubwandu budakira, korana na muganga wawe kugira ngo ukurikirane ubuzima bw'umwijima wawe buri gihe. Ubushakashatsi ku miti mishya bushobora gutanga ubundi buryo bwo kuvura mu gihe kizaza.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane tugomba kwigira kuri ibi

Rero, Hepatite D ni ubwoko bwihariye bw'indwara y'umwijima. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka ni uko kugira ngo ibi bishoboke, virusi ya Hepatite B igomba no kuba iri mu mubiri. Kubwibyo, kwirinda Hepatite B ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda Hepatite D.

Guhabwa urukingo rwa Hepatite B, gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina yitezwe, no kudasangira inshinge niba ukoresha imiti bizakurinda Hepatite D.

Niba urwaye Hepatite B, ntugatinye. Ariko menya neza ko ukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe, wipimishe buri gihe, kandi wirinde ibintu bishobora kwangiza umwijima wawe (cyane cyane inzoga n'imiti imwe n'imwe itangwa na muganga). Ibi bishobora kugufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara Hepatite D.

Menya ibimenyetso. Niba ufite gushidikanya, ntugatinde kujya kwa muganga. Uko ubimenye vuba, niko amahirwe yawe yo kubaho ubuzima bwiza nta ngorane nyinshi.

Hepatite D, Hepatite D, Umwijima, Indwara y'umwijima, Virusi, Hepatite B, Hepatite B, HDV, HBV, Jaundice, Cirrhosis, Kunanirwa k'umwijima, Kanseri y'umwijima