Reka twige ku ndwara ya Hepatite D: Ni idasanzwe rwose! | Nirogi Lanka

Ushobora kuba warumvise ibyerekeye indwara zitandukanye z'umwijima, ariko uyu munsi muri Nirogi Lanka, turashaka kuganira ku ndwara idasanzwe kandi ikomeye: Hepatite D. Reka turebere hamwe neza icyatuma iyi virusi itandukana, uko igira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe, ndetse n'intambwe z'ingenzi ushobora gutera kugira ngo wirinde.

Hepatite D ni iki?

Muri make, Hepatite D ni indwara iterwa na virusi itera kubyimba umwijima. Ariko, ikintu gituma iyi virusi idasanzwe koko ni uko virusi ya Hepatite D (HDV) idashobora gutera ubwandu ubwayo. Bisa n'ibitangaje, si byo se? Kugira ngo virusi yibasire kandi itere indwara mu mubiri wawe, igomba kubana na virusi ya Hepatite B (HBV) . Ibi bivuze ko ushobora kwandura Hepatite D gusa niba waramaze kwandura Hepatite B, cyangwa niba wandura virusi zombi icyarimwe. Ntabwo ishobora kubaho cyangwa ngo itere indwara yonyine.

Ubwandu bwa Hepatite D muri rusange buri mu byiciro bibiri:

1. Kwandura indwara ikabije: Ibimenyetso bigaragara vuba kandi bishobora kumara ibyumweru cyangwa amezi menshi. Hari ubwo umubiri wawe ushobora gukuraho ubwawo ubwawo.

2. Kwandura indwara idakira: Iyi ni yo ndwara ikomeye cyane. Kwandura indwara idakira bishobora gukomeza kuba indwara idakira, aho ibimenyetso bimara amezi arenga atandatu. Ibi bishobora gutuma umwijima wawe wangirika burundu kandi igihe kirekire.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa Hepatite D?

Reka turebere hamwe uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi ushobora kwandura Hepatite D.

Ubwinshi bw'indwara ya Coinfection ni iki?

Kwandura indwara imwe bibaho iyo wanduye virusi ya Hepatite B (HBV) na virusi ya Hepatite D (HDV) icyarimwe . Tekereza ko ari igitero cya virusi zombi icyarimwe. Muri ibi bihe, ibimenyetso akenshi bisa n'ubwandu busanzwe bwa Hepatite B ariko bishobora kuba bikomeye cyane . Ariko, hari inkuru nziza: iyo wanduye byombi icyarimwe, amahirwe yo kwandura indwara zidakira muri rusange aba make.

Ubwinshi bw'indwara zo mu bwoko bwa Superinfection ni iki?

Gundura indwara ya Superinfection ni ikintu gitandukanye kandi gishobora gutera ibyago byinshi . Ibi bibaho iyo usanzwe ufite ubwandu bwa Hepatite B (wenda budakira) hanyuma ukaba uherutse kwandura virusi ya Hepatite D. Ni nko kongeramo ubundi bwoko bw'indwara ku bundi bwari busanzwe. Iyo habayeho superinfection, ibimenyetso bya Hepatite B bya mbere bishobora kongera kugaragara cyangwa bikarushaho gukomera . Mu bihe byinshi (hafi 90%), ubu bwoko bwa superinfection bukomeza kugera ku mimerere idakira . Ibi bivuze ko ubwandu bushobora kuguma mu mubiri wawe igihe kirekire, byongera umuvuduko umwijima wawe ushobora kwangirika.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya Hepatite D?

Ibimenyetso bya Hepatite D bisa cyane n'ubundi bwoko bwa hepatite. Hari abantu bashobora kutagaragaza ibimenyetso na gato. Ariko, iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, ushobora guhura n'ibi bikurikira:

• Umuriro.
• Kubabara mu nda , cyane cyane mu gice cyo hejuru cy'iburyo cy'inda yawe (aho umwijima wawe uherereye).
• Isesemi no kuruka.
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya , aho utagira ubushake bwo kurya.
• Inkari zifite ibara ryijimye , akenshi zisa n'ibara ry'icyayi.
• Ku rundi ruhande, intebe yawe ishobora kuba ibara ry'umukara cyangwa ibara ry'ibumba .
• Guhinduka umuhondo k'uruhu n'amaso —indwara izwi nka jaundice . Ibi bibaho iyo umwijima wawe udashobora gutunganya neza bilirubin.
• Umunaniro uhoraho cyangwa umunaniro uhoraho.

Ubwandu bwa Hepatite D bushobora kandi gutuma ibimenyetso byose bya Hepatite B byari bisanzwe birushaho kwiyongera cyane .

Ni iki gitera Hepatite D?

Impamvu ni Virusi ya Hepatite Delta (HDV) . Ariko, nk'uko byavuzwe, ntabwo ishobora gukora yonyine. Ishingiye gusa kuri virusi ya Hepatite B (HBV) kugira ngo ikomeze kubaho no kwiyongera. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo urware Hepatite D, ugomba kuba ufite virusi ya HBV mu mubiri wawe.

Hepatite D yandurira ite?

Hepatite D yandura mu buryo bumwe na Hepatite B: binyuze mu gukora ku maraso cyangwa andi matembabuzi yo mu mubiri (urugero: amasohoro, imisemburo yo mu gitsina) by'umuntu wanduye. Inzira z'ingenzi zo kwanduriramo zirimo:

• Gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye (kudakoresha agakingirizo mu gihe cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina mu gitsina, mu kanwa, cyangwa mu kibuno).
• Gusangira inshinge cyangwa seringe zikoreshwa mu gutera imiti. Gukoresha ibikoresho byo kwa muganga bitarasukurwa neza nabyo bishobora guteza akaga.
• Ibikomere byo guterwa n'inshinge ku bakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima mu gihe bita ku barwayi.
• Kwanduzanya kw'umwana kuva ku mubyeyi mu gihe cyo kubyara ntibikunze kubaho cyane, cyane cyane iyo hafashwe ingamba zo kwirinda indwara.
• Gufata tatouage cyangwa gutobora hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bidasukuye nabyo bifite ingaruka zikomeye.

Ni nde ufite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura Hepatite D?

Amatsinda akurikira ari mu kaga gakomeye ko kwandura Hepatite D ukurikije uko Nirogi Lanka abibona:

• Abantu bamaze kwandura Hepatite B (HBV): Hepatite D ntishobora kubaho hatabayeho Hepatite B.
• Abantu batera ibiyobyabwenge: Cyane cyane abasangira inshinge cyangwa ibindi bikoresho.
• Abafatanyabikorwa mu mibonano mpuzabitsina: Umuntu wese ukorana imibonano mpuzabitsina n'umuntu ufite HBV na HDV.
• Abo mu rugo: Ababana n'umuntu urwaye HBV na HDV, cyane cyane iyo ibikoresho bye bwite nk'imashini zogosha cyangwa uburoso bw'amenyo bisangiwe.
• Abantu banduye agakoko gatera SIDA.
• Abagabo bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina n'abagabo: Cyane cyane mu gihe bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye.
• Abakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima: Cyangwa abo mu bindi bice aho usanga amaraso cyangwa amazi akoreshwa mu mubiri akunze kugaragara kenshi.
• Abantu bafite indwara y'impyiko barimo gupimwa amaraso.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa n'indwara ya Hepatite D?

Hepatite D, cyane cyane iyo ibaye akarande, ishobora kwangiza umwijima wawe cyane. Ingorane z'ingenzi zirimo:

• Indwara yo kuvura indwara ya Cirrhose: Iyi ni inkovu ku mitsi y'umwijima wawe. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, uko umwijima wawe urushaho gukomera no kwiyongera kw'inkovu, utakaza ubushobozi bwo gukora neza, nk'uko igisebe cyimbitse ku ruhu rwawe gisiga ikimenyetso kidashira.
• Kunanirwa k'umwijima: Iyi ni indwara ikomeye aho umwijima wawe uba utagishoboye gukora imirimo yawo y'ingenzi, bigatuma ubuzima bwawe bugeramirwa.
• Kanseri y'umwijima: Iyi ni ubwoko bwa kanseri y'umwijima y'ibanze. Niba urwaye Hepatite D idakira, ibyago byawe byo kurwara iyi kanseri biri hejuru cyane.

Ni gute Hepatite D ipimwa?

Niba ukeka ko ufite ibimenyetso bya Hepatite D cyangwa uri mu itsinda ry’abantu bashobora kwandura indwara ya Hepatite D, intambwe nziza ni ukugana muganga kugira ngo agupime. Gusuzuma indwara bigerwaho ahanini binyuze mu gupima amaraso . Laboratwari yawe izasuzuma niba hari uduce duto twa virusi (HDV RNA) cyangwa uturemangingo tw’umubiri wawe twakoze kugira ngo turwanye virusi (Anti-HDV antibodies).

Byongeye kandi, kugira ngo umenye ubuzima bw'umwijima wawe n'ingano y'inkovu, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukora ultrasound , FibroScan , cyangwa elastography . Hari igihe biba ngombwa ko usuzuma umwijima (urugero ruto rw'inyama z'umwijima).

Ese hari umuti wuzuye wa Hepatite D?

Mu by’ukuri, nta muti ufatika w’indwara ya Hepatite D uhari ubu. Ariko, ubwandu bwa HDV bukabije, cyane cyane mu ndwara zandurira hamwe, rimwe na rimwe bushobora kwikemurira ubwabwo nta kuvurwa.

Ku babana n'indwara ya Hepatite D idakira, abaganga bibanda ku kuvura iyi virusi, kugabanya kwangirika k'umwijima, no gukumira izindi ngorane. Uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kuba burimo:

• Inshinge za Peginterferon alfa: Izi zikunze gutangwa rimwe mu cyumweru mu gihe cy'umwaka kugira ngo zifashe ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe kurwanya ubwandu. Menya neza ko ibi bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi.
• Bulevirtide (Hepcludex®): Uyu ni umuti mushya ugabanya ubukana bw'imiti ubuza virusi ya HDV kwinjira mu turemangingo tw'umwijima wawe. Nubwo wemewe kuvurwa mu bihugu byinshi, uburyo ubonekamo bushobora gutandukana.
• Gutera umwijima: Niba umwijima wawe wangiritse cyane kandi utagikora, gutera umwijima bishobora kuba amahitamo ya nyuma yo kuvura.

Ubushakashatsi ku buryo bushya bwo kuvura burakomeje muri Nirogi Lanka no hirya no hino ku isi.

Bizagenda bite iyo ndwaye Hepatite D?

Iyo usanzwe urwaye Hepatite D, umuganga wawe azakurikirana ubuzima bw'umwijima wawe . Ibi bikubiyemo kwisuzumisha buri gihe, gupima amaraso no gupima amashusho. Ubwandu bwa HDV cyangwa HBV/HDV bushobora kugabanuka mu byumweru cyangwa amezi.

Ariko, indwara ziterwa n’ubwandu bwa superinfection akenshi zigatera Hepatite D idakira, ishobora kumara imyaka myinshi. Itsinda ry’abaganga rishobora gutegura uburyo bwo kuvura bumara umwaka umwe cyangwa irenga.

Ni iki giteganyijwe ku ndwara ya Hepatite D?

Urupfu ruturutse ku kwandura HBV/HDV mu buryo bukabije ni gake cyane (hafi 1-5%), nubwo gukira bishobora gufata ibyumweru cyangwa amezi.

Ariko, kwandura indwara idakira ya HBV/HDV ni ikibazo gikomeye . Hagati ya 70% na 80% by'abantu bafite iyi ndwara bashobora kurwara cirrhose uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ibi bishobora kubaho vuba—rimwe na rimwe mu myaka ibiri ya mbere—cyangwa bigatera imbere buhoro buhoro mu myaka 5 kugeza ku 10. Ikibabaje ni uko igice kinini cy'abafite Hepatite D idakira (bivugwa ko bagera kuri 15% mu myaka 5-10) bahura n'ingorane zikomeye nko kunanirwa k'umwijima cyangwa kanseri y'umwijima. Niyo mpamvu gusuzuma indwara vuba no kuyivura ari ngombwa.

Ese Hepatite D ishobora kwirindwa?

Yego rwose! Uburyo bwiza kandi bwiza bwo kwirinda Hepatite D ni ukwirinda Hepatite B. Ibi biterwa nuko Hepatite D idashobora kwandurira mu mubiri wawe idafite Hepatite B.

• Fata urukingo rwa Hepatite B. Iyi ni intambwe imwe y'ingenzi cyane. Urukingo ni rwiza kandi rufite akamaro. Niba utararukingirwa, ni ngombwa ko uvugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo uruhabwe.
• Niba ukeka ko wahuye n'indwara ya Hepatite B (urugero, binyuze mu gukora ku maraso y'umuntu wanduye), shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya. Ushobora kuba wemerewe guhabwa urukingo, hamwe na immunoglobulin ya Hepatite B (HBIG) , bigomba gutangwa mu masaha 24-48 kugira ngo birinde kwandura.

Niba usanzwe ubana n'indwara ya Hepatite B, ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura indwara ya "superinfection" ukurikije izi ngamba zo kwirinda:

• Buri gihe wambara uturindantoki twanduye niba uteganya ko amaraso, ibisebe biva mu gisebe cyangwa andi matembabuzi yo mu mubiri bizagukoraho.
• Ntugasangire inshinge, inshinge, cyangwa ibikoresho byose bikoreshwa mu gutera imiti.
• Ntugasangire ibikoresho by'isuku nk'uburoso bw'amenyo cyangwa imashini zogosha, kuko bishobora kuba bifite amaraso make.
• Koresha agakingirizo buri gihe mu gikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina.
• Niba muganga wawe yakwandikiye imiti igabanya ubukana bwa Hepatite B, menya neza ko uyifata nk'uko byavuzwe.

Niba utwite kandi ubana n'indwara ya Hepatite B cyangwa indwara ya HBV/HDV, abaganga bashobora gufata ingamba zihariye ako kanya umwana wawe akimara kuvuka kugira ngo bagukingire kandi baguhe imiti ikenewe kugira ngo bagabanye cyane ibyago byo kwanduza umwana wawe.

Ni gute nakwita ku buzima bwanjye mu gihe mpura n'indwara ya Hepatite?

Niba urwaye Hepatite (B cyangwa D), hari intambwe nyinshi ushobora gutera kugira ngo urinde umwijima wawe kwangirika kurushaho:

• Irinde inzoga burundu. Inzoga zishyira umuvuduko ukomeye ku turemangingo tw’umwijima, ibyo umwijima wawe ushobora kugorwa no kubyihanganira mu gihe wamaze kubyimba.
• Reka kunywa itabi cyangwa wirinde kuritangira, kuko kunywa itabi nabyo byangiza ubuzima bw'umwijima.
• Komeza kugira ibiro byiza. Kugira ibiro binini cyangwa umubyibuho ukabije bishobora gutera indwara z'umwijima w'ibinure, bishobora gutuma umwijima wawe wose urushaho kumererwa nabi.
• Ganira na muganga wawe cyangwa inzobere mu mirire kugira ngo akugire inama ku ndyo nziza yo gufasha umwijima kugira ubuzima bwiza. Indyo yuzuye ni ngombwa.
• Baza muganga wawe mbere yo gufata imiti iyo ari yo yose igurishwa ku giciro cya muganga (OTC). Urugero, gukoresha imiti igabanya ububabare nka Acetaminophen (Tylenol®) kenshi bishobora kugora umwijima wawe. Koresha iyo miti gusa uyobowe na muganga.
• Komeza kwiyemeza gukora gahunda zawe zo gukurikirana no kurangiza isuzuma ry’umwijima ryatanzwe. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu gukurikirana iterambere ryawe.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso bya Hepatite (nk'umuriro, kubabara umubiri, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, cyangwa umuhondo), cyangwa niba usanzwe ufite Hepatite B kandi ukabona ibimenyetso byawe bikomeje kwiyongera, ugomba kujya kwa muganga . Byongeye kandi, niba wemera ko wahuye na Hepatite B cyangwa D, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga vuba.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bwihutirwa?

Shaka ubuvuzi bwihutirwa mu gihe ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikomeye bikurikira:

• Kubabara cyane mu nda.
• Kuruka cyane cyangwa gukabije , cyane cyane niba udashobora kugabanya amazi.
• Kuruka amaraso cyangwa ibintu bisa n'ikawa.
• Indwara y'umuhondo irushaho kwiyongera (umuhondo mwinshi w'amaso cyangwa uruhu rwawe).
• Kujijinganya, kubura icyerekezo, cyangwa kugorwa no kuguma uri maso (ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya Encephalopati y'umwijima ).
• Inkari zijimye cyangwa kugabanuka gukomeye k'umusaruro w'inkari.
• Ingeri z'umukara cyangwa ibara ry'ibumba.
• Kubyimba inda cyane.

Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'indwara ikomeye y'umwijima cyangwa kunanirwa gukora.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Muri Nirogi Lanka, turagushishikariza kugira uruhare runini mu kwita ku buzima bwawe. Nuhura na muganga wawe, tekereza ku kubaza ibi bikurikira:

• Ni ubuhe bwoko bwihariye bw'indwara ya hepatite mfite?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvurwa?
• Nzakenera kumara igihe kingana iki ndi kuri ubu buvuzi?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo gufata imiti yanjye, kandi ni izihe ngaruka mbi zishobora kubaho?
• Ese hari ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa impinduka zihariye nkwiye kwitondera?
• Ubu umwijima wanjye umeze ute, kandi ni ibihe bipimo bindi bikenewe?
• Ni izihe ngamba nkwiye gufata kugira ngo wirinde ko ibi byanduza abandi?
• Niba mfite Hepatite B, ni iki kindi nakora kugira ngo ngire ikibazo cyo kwandura Hepatite D?

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya Hepatite B na Hepatite D?

Hepatite B na Hepatite D byombi ni indwara zandurira mu mwijima wawe. Itandukaniro rikomeye ni uko Hepatite D ishobora kwanduza gusa iyo usanzwe ufite Hepatite B. Virusi ya Hepatite D (HDV) ikora nk'iy'i virusi "ituzuye"; ntishobora kubaho cyangwa ngo yiyongere ubwayo kandi yishingikiriza gusa ku "bufasha" bwa virusi ya HBV kugira ngo itere indwara.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko atari buri wese urwaye Hepatite B uzarwara Hepatite D. Mu by’ukuri, abantu benshi babana na Hepatite B ntibarwara Hepatite D.

Hepatite D ikunze kugaragara gute?

Impuguke zivuga ko 5% kugeza kuri 15% by'abantu babana n'indwara ya Hepatite B ku isi—abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 12 kugeza kuri 45—nabo banduye indwara ya HDV. Hepatite D ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Afurika (nka Afurika yo Hagati), Aziya (urugero: Mongoliya, Pakisitani), ikibaya cya Amazone muri Amerika y'Epfo, no mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'Uburayi bw'Iburasirazuba. Ntibikunze kugaragara cyane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu Burayi bw'Iburengerazuba. Nubwo idakunze kugaragara cyane muri Sri Lanka, ingaruka ziracyahari, kandi ni ngombwa kwitonda.

Kubera ko virusi ya Hepatite D isaba virusi ya Hepatite B (HBV) gutera indwara, ingamba zawe zo kwirinda zirasobanutse: ingamba zose ufata kugira ngo wirinde kwandura HBV ziranakurinda Hepatite D. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'ikoreshwa ry'urukingo rwa Hepatite B, umubare w'abarwayi ba Hepatite B, bityo, Hepatite D, ugenda ugabanuka ku isi yose. Ibi ni ingenzi, kuko abantu benshi bashobora kwandura Hepatite B batagaragaje ibimenyetso na gato.

Niba ufite ubwandu budakira, korana bya hafi na muganga wawe kugira ngo ukurikirane ubuzima bw'umwijima wawe buri gihe. Ubushakashatsi bukomeje gukorwa ku buvuzi ku miti mishya bukomeje gutanga icyizere cy'uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura mu gihe kizaza.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane cyo gufata

Hepatite D ni indwara idasanzwe y’umwijima. Ingingo y’ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka ni uko udashobora kwandura Hepatite D keretse virusi ya Hepatite B isanzwe iri mu mubiri wawe. Kubwibyo, kwirinda Hepatite B ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda Hepatite D.

Guhabwa urukingo rwa Hepatite B, gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu mutekano, no kudasangira inshinge cyangwa inshinge ni intambwe z'ingenzi ushobora gutera kugira ngo wirinde Hepatite B na Hepatite D.

Niba waramaze gufatwa n'indwara ya Hepatite B, ntugatinye. Ni ngombwa gukurikiza inama za muganga wawe, kujya kwisuzumisha ku gihe cyose giteganyijwe, no kwirinda ibintu bishobora gutuma umwijima uhungabana, nko kunywa inzoga nyinshi cyangwa imiti utahawe n'umuganga wawe. Kubikora bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kurwara Hepatite D.

Komeza kuba maso ku bimenyetso byose. Niba ufite impungenge, gana muganga wawe vuba. Kumenya indwara hakiri kare ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kugabanya ingorane no gukomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza kandi burangwa n'ubuzima bwiza hamwe na Nirogi Lanka.

Tags: Hepatite D, Hepatite D, umwijima, indwara y'umwijima, virusi, Hepatite B, Hepatite B, HDV, HBV, umuhondo, Jaundice, kubyimba k'umwijima, Cirrhosis, Kunanirwa k'umwijima, Kanseri y'umwijima