Ese nawe wumva unaniwe igihe cyose? Ese wumva nta mbaraga ufite? Ahari muganga wawe yarebye raporo y'amaraso maze akavuga ati "kubura icyuma" cyangwa "kubura amaraso". Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi mu gihugu cyacu bafite. None se, uzi ugenzura iki kintu cy'ingenzi cyitwa icyuma mu mibiri yacu? Hari "umuyobozi" nyawe wacyo. Yitwa Hepcidin . Ushobora kuba utarigeze wumva iri zina. Ariko akazi rikora kugira ngo umubiri wacu ugire ubuzima bwiza si akantu gato. Reka tuvuge uyu munsi kuri uyu "muyobozi w'icyuma" mu mibiri yacu.
Mu magambo make, uyu Hepcidin ni nde?
Hepcidin ni imisemburo ikorwa n'umwijima wacu ikajya mu maraso. Imisemburo ni nk'intumwa zigenzura buri gikorwa cyose mu mubiri wacu. Rero akazi k'ingenzi k'intumwa yitwa hepcidin ni ukugenzura uburyo umubiri wacu ukoresha icyuma. Mu by'ukuri, ni we ugena ingano y'icyuma umubiri ukeneye, ingano yacyo igomba kubika, n'igihe gikwiye gukoreshwa icyo cyuma. Niyo mpamvu bamwe bita hepcidin "Umuyobozi Mukuru w'Ubucungamutungo bw'Ibyuma".
None se kuki icyuma ari ingenzi cyane kuri twe?
Tekereza ko hari serivisi yo gutwara umwuka itwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mibiri yacu yose. Ibikoresho by'iyo serivisi yo gutwara umwuka ni uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso . Umuntu ushyira umwuka wa ogisijeni muri iyo modoka ni poroteyine yitwa hemoglobin . Rero icyuma ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gukora iyi hemoglobin. Iyo idafite icyuma, hemoglobine ntishobora gukorwa. Hanyuma uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso ntidushobora gutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni. Ni bwo tunanirwa kandi tukagira ikibazo cyo guhumeka.
Si ibyo gusa, icyuma kirakenewe kugira ngo hakorwe poroteyine myoglobin, itanga ogisijeni ku mitsi n'umutima wacu.
Muri make, icyuma ni umutima w’urusobe rw’umwuka utwara ogisijeni rutanga ubuzima ku turemangingo tw’umubiri wacu. Rero ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo uru rugero rw’icyuma rukomeze kuringaniza. Iyo nta cyuma gihagije kiboneka, indwara nk’indwara yo kubura icyuma ziterwa no kubura amaraso mu mubiri. Iyo hari icyuma cyinshi, gishobora kuba uburozi ku mubiri wacu no kwangiza ingingo. Kubungabunga ubwo buringanire ni wo murimo w’ingenzi wa hepcidin.
Ni gute hepcidin igenzura iki cyuma?
Iyi ni inzira itangaje cyane. Dukuramo icyuma gikozwe mu biribwa turya (inyama, amafi, imboga, imbuto z'ubunyobwa). Ariko bitandukanye n'izindi myunyu ngugu, imibiri yacu ntabwo ifite uburyo bwo gusohora icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bw'ubutare. Urugero, niba dufite umunyu mwinshi (sodium), uzasohoka mu nkari. Ariko icyuma ntigisohoka mu buryo bworoshye.
Bityo, bivuga kubika icyuma gisigaye kugira ngo gikoreshwe nyuma. Iki cyuma kibikwa cyane cyane mu musokoro wacu,Mu gasabo no mu mwijima .
Aha niho hepcidin igaragara. Hepcidin igira uruhare muri ubu buryo bwo gucunga icyuma mu buryo butatu bw'ingenzi:
1. Igenzura uburyo icyuma gikura mu biribwa: Iyo ibiryo turya bigeze mu mara yacu mato, uturemangingo two muri ako gace dukura icyuma mu maraso. Hepcidin igena ingano y'icyuma gisohoka mu maraso n'ingano y'icyuma kibikwa.
2. Isubiramo icyuma gikomoka ku turemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso: Igihe cy’ubuzima bw’uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso yacu ni iminsi 120. Iyo icyo gihe kirangiye, macrophages , ubwoko bw’uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera (nk’itsinda ry’abakora isuku mu mubiri), zica utu turemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso dushaje. Ariko iyo tubikoze, dufata kandi tukabikamo icyuma cy’agaciro. Bityo, hepcidin ifata icyemezo niba ubu butare bubitse bugomba gusubizwa uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso twavutse vuba, cyangwa niba bugomba kubikwa mu bubiko igihe kirekire.
3. Igenzura irekurwa ry'icyuma kibitswe ahantu nk'umwijima: Hepcidin ni yo ibwira umubiri niba ugomba kurekura icyuma kibitswe mu turemangingo tw'umwijima ( hepatocytes ) no mu turemangingo tw'amara mato ( enterocytes ) mu maraso igihe bibaye ngombwa.
Ibi bikora bite neza neza?
Kugira ngo tubisobanukirwe, tugomba kumenya undi muntu. Uwo muntu ni poroteyine yitwa ferroportin . Tekereza nk'icyumba cyo kubikamo icyuma mu kazu gabikamo icyuma. Ferroportin ni "irembo risohora icyuma" cy'icyo cyumba cyo kubikamo. Kugira ngo icyuma cyinjire mu maraso, iri rembo rigomba gukingurwa.
Icyo hepcidin ikora ni ukugenzura iri rembo.
- Iyo urugero rwa hepcidin mu mubiri rwiyongereye , hepcidin ihambira ku muryango witwa ferroportin ikawufunga . Hanyuma, icyuma kiri mu turemangingo ntigishobora kwinjira mu maraso. Kwinjizwa kwa icyuma biragabanuka.
- Iyo urugero rwa hepcidin mu mubiri rugabanutse , irembo rya ferroportin ntiriziba. Bityo irembo riba rifunguye . Icyuma kiri mu turemangingo cyinjira mu maraso byoroshye. Kwinjiza icyuma kiriyongera.
Ni izihe mpamvu zitera impinduka mu rugero rwa hepcidin?
Imibiri yacu ifite ubwenge bwinshi. Yongera cyangwa ikagabanya urugero rwa hepcidin bitewe n'ibyo ikeneye igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Hari ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka kuri ibi.
| Ikintu Gifite Ingaruka | Ingaruka kuri Hepcidin n'ingaruka zayo |
|---|---|
| Ingano yose y'icyuma mu mubiri | Iyo ingano y'icyuma mu mubiri iri hejuru , umubiri ukora hepcidin nyinshi . Ibyo bituma udafata icyuma kinini. Iyo ingano y'icyuma iri hasi , umubiri ukora hepcidin nke . Ibyo bifungura amarembo kugira ngo icyuma cyinjiremo. |
| Gukora uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso | Iyo umubiri ukeneye gukora uturemangingo twinshi dutukura (urugero, nyuma yo kuva amaraso), ukeneye icyuma kinini kugira ngo ukore hemoglobine. Hanyuma umubiri ugabanya urugero rwa hepcidin. Ibi birekura icyuma kibitse kandi bigafasha gukora uturemangingo dushya. |
| Ogisijeni nkeya (Hypoxia) | Iyo ingano ya ogisijeni igera mu ngingo igabanutse, umubiri utekereza ko ukeneye gukora utunyangingo twinshi twa ogisijeni (uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso). Kubera ko ibi bisaba icyuma, bigabanya urugero rwa hepcidin kandi bigafungura amarembo y’icyuma. |
| Kwandura cyangwa kubyimba | Ibi ni ingenzi cyane. Iyo umugera (urugero: bagiteri) winjiye mu mubiri wacu, umugera ukeneye icyuma kugira ngo ukure. Bityo umubiri wacu ufite ubwenge ubuza umugera kubona icyuma. Kugira ngo ubigereho, umubiri wongera vuba urugero rwa hepcidin. Hanyuma amarembo y'icyuma arafunga, maze icyuma cyose kikihisha mu turemangingo. Umugera uba ufite intege nke udafite icyuma. |
Bigenda bite iyo urugero rwa hepcidin rudasanzwe?
Iyo akazi k'iyi mashini igenzura ibyuma kagenze nabi gato, bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye. Iyo urugero rwa hepcidin ruri hasi cyane, umubiri uzaba ufite icyuma cyinshi cyane (Iron Overload). Iyo urugero rwa hepcidin ruri hejuru cyane, umubiri uzaba ufite icyuma gito cyane (Iron Deficiency).
| Imiterere | Mu magambo make, ni iki kibaho? |
|---|---|
| Indwara ziterwa n'urugero ruto rwa hepcidin (ubwinshi bw'icyuma mu mubiri) | |
| Hemochromatosis y'uruhererekane | Iyi ni indwara iterwa n’uturemangingo. Muri iki gihe, umwijima ntushobora gukora hepcidin ihagije. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amarembo y’icyuma (ferroportin) ahora afunguye. Umubiri winjiza icyuma kirenze icyo ukeneye ukagishyira mu ngingo nk'umutima, umwijima na pancreas, bikangiza. |
| Kubura amaraso mu mubiri bitewe n'icyuma | Mu bwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'indwara yo kubura amaraso, mu by'ukuri haba hari icyuma cyinshi. Inenge mu gukora uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso zigabanya ikorwa rya hepcidin, bigatuma icyuma cyinjizwa mu mubiri cyiyongera. |
| Hepatite C | Iyi virusi yangiza umwijima, ikagabanya ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora hepcidin. |
| Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 | Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko abantu barwaye diyabete bashobora kuba baragabanutse urugero rwa hepcidin ndetse n'urugero rwa fer rwiyongera. |
| Indwara ziterwa no kwiyongera k'urugero rwa hepcidin (kubura icyuma) | |
| Anemia y'indwara zidakira (ACD) | Iyi ni indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane. Iyo umuntu arwaye indwara y'igihe kirekire (urugero: indwara y'impyiko, kanseri, indwara ya Crohn), habaho kubyimba guhoraho mu mubiri. Uku kubyimba gutuma urugero rwa hepcidin mu mubiri rwiyongera . Hanyuma amarembo y'icyuma arafunga. Nubwo hari icyuma mu bubiko bw'umubiri, ntigishobora gukoreshwa. Ibi bitera kubura amaraso. |
| Indwara zidakira | Kwandura indwara z’igihe kirekire bishobora kongera ububyimbirwe mu mubiri, kongera urugero rwa hepcidin, no kubura icyuma gikozwe mu bwonko. |
Hanyuma, hepcidin ni imisemburo y'ingenzi cyane ifasha mu kubungabunga icyuma mu mubiri wacu. Mu gufunga amarembo y'icyuma no kugenzura icyuma, igenzura mu buryo butaziguye ikorwa rya hemoglobine n'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, ndetse no gutwara ogisijeni mu mubiri wose. Hepcidin inaturinda kwangirika gukomeye gushobora kubaho iyo icyuma cyinjiriye mu mubiri.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Hepcidin ni yo misemburo nyamukuru ikorwa n'umwijima wacu igenzura urugero rw'ubutare mu mubiri.
- Ikora ifunga "irembo" ritwara icyuma ryitwa ferroportin. Iyo hepcidin iri hejuru, icyuma gifata icyuma kiragabanuka, naho iyo hepcidin iri hasi, icyuma gifata icyuma kiriyongera.
- Igipimo cya Hepcidin gitandukana bitewe n'ibintu nk'urugero rw'icyuma umubiri ukenera, imisemburo itukura ikenera, urugero rwa ogisijeni, n'indwara zandura.
- Urugero ruto rwa hepcidin rushobora gutera ubucucike bwinshi bw'icyuma no kwangirika kw'ingingo (urugero: hemochromatosis), mu gihe urugero ruto rudasanzwe rushobora gutera kubura icyuma no kubura amaraso (urugero: kubura amaraso mu ndwara zidakira).
- Niba ufite impungenge ku bijyanye n'umunaniro uhoraho, ububabare, cyangwa kubura amaraso, banza uganire na muganga wawe mbere yo gufata icyemezo icyo ari cyo cyose wenyine . Umuganga ni we wenyine ushobora gukora ibizamini bikenewe kugira ngo amenye impamvu nyayo kandi atange ubuvuzi bukwiye.
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