Ni iki "Herd Immunity" abantu bose bavugaho? Reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye, si byo se?

Ushobora kuba warumvise ijambo "Ubudahangarwa bw'amatungo." Hari byinshi byavuzweho, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya COVID-19. None se, bivuze iki mu by'ukuri? Reka tubiganireho gato uyu munsi, nko kuganira n'inshuti.

Iyi 'Gatsiko k'Ubudahangarwa bw'Amashyo' ni iki?

Mu magambo make, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bw'abantu ni igihe abantu benshi mu gace runaka cyangwa itsinda runaka bafite ubudahangarwa (ni ukuvuga barinzwe) kuri virusi runaka cyangwa ikindi kintu cyandura, bigatuma iyo ndwara irushaho gukwirakwira. Tekereza, iyo abantu benshi barinzwe, amahirwe yo gusimbuka iyo mikorobe kuva ku muntu umwe ijya ku wundi aragabanuka.

Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kubaka ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri:

• Mu kurwara no gukira mu buryo busanzwe.
• Binyuze mu gukingira.
• Mu kwakira antibodies ziturutse hanze, nko kuva kuri nyina kugera ku mwana (ibi byitwa ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, tuzabivugaho gato).

Abaganga bavuga ko gukingira ari bwo buryo bwiza kandi bwizewe bwo kwirinda .

Umuntu wese ufite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri afasha mu gukumira indwara kwanduza abandi. Tekereza ko wakingiwe. Muri ubwo buryo, amahirwe yo kwanduza undi muntu aragabanuka. Bigabanya kandi amahirwe yo guhinduka kwa virusi mu mubiri wawe no kurema ubundi bwoko bushya. Ariko, niba virusi ikwirakwira vuba cyane, umubare w'abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bwayo ugomba kuba munini cyane kugira ngo ihagarare.

Hari igihe ubu budahangarwa bw'itsinda bwitwa kandi "ubudahangarwa bw'abaturage" cyangwa "ubudahangarwa bw'abaturage." Byose bivuze ikintu kimwe.

Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butera imbere bute?

Antibodies ni ibintu byihariye umubiri wacu ukora kugira ngo urwanye mikorobe zitera indwara zinjira mu mibiri yacu. Buri antibodies itanga uburinzi ku ndwara imwe gusa. Dushobora kubona ubu budahangarwa mu buryo bubiri bw'ingenzi.

Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukora

Ibi bikubiyemo gukora antibody ziturutse mu mubiri wacu. Ibi bishobora no kubaho mu buryo bubiri:

1. Ubudahangarwa karemano: Ibi bivuze ko iyo turwaye tugakira, umubiri wacu ukora ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri burwanya iyo ndwara.

2. Ubudahangarwa ku rukingo: Urukingo rukoreshwa mu kwinjiza indwara yangiritse cyangwa yishwe (cyangwa igice cyayo) mu mibiri yacu, bigatuma imibiri yacu ikora ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri burwanya iyo ndwara.

Ubu budahangarwa bw'umubiri butuma umubiri wacu ugira "ubwibukire bw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri." Ibi bivuze ko niturwara indwara imwe mu gihe kizaza, umubiri wacu ushobora kuyimenya vuba no gukora ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri butagira icyo bukora

Iki ni cyo gihe twakira antibodies ziturutse hanze y'umubiri wacu. Urugero:

• Abana bavutse bahabwa uturemangingo tw’umubiri duturuka kuri ba nyina binyuze mu mashereka.
• Utunyangingo tw’umubiri dushobora kuboneka binyuze mu bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe by’amaraso.

Muri ubu budahangarwa bw'umubiri, umubiri wacu ntugira ubwo bwoko bw' "ubwibutso." Bityo, uburinzi butanga ni igihe gusa twakiriye ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buturutse hanze. Ni ubw'igihe gito.

Ni gute ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bw'amashyo bufitanye isano na COVID-19?

Uzi uburyo virusi ya `(COVID-19)` yihuta, imiterere yayo y'umwimerere, n'izindi virusi zakurikiyeho nka `(Delta variant)` na `(Omicron variant)` zakwirakwiriye vuba. Mu ntangiriro z'icyorezo, abashakashatsi batekerezaga ko niba 60% kugeza kuri 70% by'abatuye isi bakingiwe, bagakira iyi ndwara, cyangwa bakagira ubudahangarwa, bazashobora kubaka ubudahangarwa bw'itsinda kuri `(COVID-19)`.

Ariko, abashakashatsi basanze uyu mubare ushobora kuba udahagije, bitewe n'uburyo ubwoko bwa `(Delta)` na `(Omicron)` bwanduriramo. Ubu bamwe bavuga ko uwo mubare ushobora kuba uri hejuru ya 85%.

Ese ntidushobora kugira ubudahangarwa bw'icyorezo cya COVID-19 tudakoresheje urukingo?

Mu by’ukuri, biragoye cyane kandi ni akaga kubaka ubudahangarwa bw’indwara nka ``(COVID-19)``` nta rukingo. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, abantu benshi bagomba kwandura iyi ndwara. Iyo bibaye, abantu benshi bapfa kandi abantu benshi bakaremba bikomeye.

Muri iki gihe, nubwo haba hari inkingo, hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe mu kugira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri mu mashyo. Reba:

• Hari abantu bemera ko inkingo zitagira ingaruka mbi, ariko ntibashaka kuzifata.
• Hari abantu badashobora gukingirwa kubera impamvu z'ubuzima.
• Hari abantu bamwe (urugero, abafite ubudahangarwa buke cyane - `(immunocompromised)`) ntibakora neza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ndetse na nyuma yo gukingirwa.
• Nubwo twamaze gukira COVID-19 cyangwa tukingirwa, ntabwo tuzi neza igihe ubwo budahangarwa bumara.
• Si abantu bose ku isi bahabwa inkingo zimwe.

Igikuru ni uko kwitega ubudahangarwa bw'amatungo nta rukingo ari nko gukora ikiza gikomeye.

Ibyo twize ku budahangarwa bw'umukumbi ku ndwara ya measles na grippe

Inkingo zadukijije indwara zica. Ntabwo dutekereza ko iseru ari indwara ikomeye, ariko mu bice bimwe by'isi aho nta buvuzi bwiza buhari, abana bagera kuri 5% barwara iseru barapfa. Mu bihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho inkingo zabaye isanzwe, abarwayi ba seru bagabanutseho ibirenga 99%.

Ariko, hari igihe indwara ya merue ikwirakwira mu bantu batarakingirwa. Urugero, mu 2019, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika hagaragaye abantu 1,282 banduye merue, umubare munini kuva mu 1992. Abantu badafite inkingo, cyane cyane abagiye mu mahanga, n'abatuye mu duce tudafite inkingo, ni bo bafite ibyago byinshi.

Nubwo inkingo zishobora kubaka ubudahangarwa bw'indwara ziterwa n'umuti umwe, nka measles na smallpox, indwara nka grippe (twita "grippe") ziratandukanye gato. Hari ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bwa virusi zishobora gutera grippe. Urukingo rwa grippe rutangwa buri mwaka rukorerwa ubwoko bumwe bwa virusi zikekwaho kuba zikunze kugaragara muri uwo mwaka.

Guhabwa urukingo rw'ibicurane bishobora gukumira impfu, cyane cyane mu bana. Bishobora kandi kugabanya ubukana bw'indwara no gukenera kujya mu bitaro. Binarinda abandi bantu badukikije. Ariko, nubwo hari ibyo byiza byose, abantu benshi ntibahabwa urukingo rw'ibicurane buri mwaka.

Ingaruka zo kugira ubudahangarwa bw'amashyo "asanzwe"

Kubaka ubudahangarwa bw'indwara zica mu matungo "bisanzwe" bivuze kureka abantu benshi bagapfa abandi benshi bakarwara bikomeye. Tumaze imyaka myinshi dukoresha inkingo kugira ngo twirinde twe n'abadukikije badashobora gukingirwa, bakiri bato cyane ku buryo batashobora gukingirwa, cyangwa bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakora neza kandi badakira neza urukingo. Ni ukuvuga kubaka ubudahangarwa bw'amatungo.

Amaherezo, ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Rero, ushobora kuba usobanukiwe icyo ubudahangarwa bw'amashyo ari cyo n'akamaro kabwo ku mutekano wa buri wese muri sosiyete yacu.

• Gukingirwa ni bwo buryo bwizewe kandi bwiza bwo kugera ku budahangarwa bw'amatungo.
• Iyo uhawe urukingo, uba ufasha mu kwirinda wowe ubwawe, ndetse no mu muryango wawe, inshuti zawe ndetse n'abaturage bose.
• By’umwihariko, abadashobora gukingirwa (urugero: impinja nto, abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe, n’abafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri budakomeye) bazahabwa uburinzi bwinshi.
• Mu ndwara zikwirakwira vuba nka COVID-19, ingamba nziza zo kurwanya iyi ndwara ni uguha abantu benshi bashoboka urukingo no kubaka ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Bityo rero, nk'uko abaganga babigugiriye inama, shaka inkingo zawe kandi utange umusanzu mu kubaka ubu budahangarwa bw'umubiri. Bizatugirira akamaro twese!

Ubudahangarwa bw'Amashyo, Urukingo, Ubudahangarwa bw'Amashyo, COVID-19, Virusi, Indwara zandura, Ubuzima bwo Kwirinda