Ese umuryango wawe wararwaye cholesterol nyinshi? Reka tuvuge kuri ibi (Heterozygous Familyal Hypercholesterolemia - HeFH)

Ugomba kuba warumvise ko ugomba kwita kuri cholesterol yawe kugira ngo wirinde indwara z'umutima. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, uko wagenzura indyo yawe n'imyitozo ngororamubiri, urugero rwa cholesterol yawe ntirugabanuka. Birashoboka ko hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wagize indwara y'umutima akiri muto. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'indwara y'uturemangingo igaragara mu miryango. Iyo ni yo ndwara tuvuga uyu munsi, Heterozygous Familyal Hypercholesterolemia, cyangwa HeFH mu magambo ahinnye. Niba muganga akubwira ko ufite iyi ndwara, ni ngombwa kwivuza vuba bishoboka.

HeFH ni iki mu by'ukuri?

HeFH si indwara twandura iturutse hanze , nk'ibicurane. Ni indwara iterwa n'impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo dukomoka kuri ba mama cyangwa ba data. Muri make, iyi mpinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo igabanya ubushobozi bw'umubiri bwo gukura cholesterol mbi mu maraso.

Tekereza kuri ibi, cholesterol inyura mu mitsi y'amaraso mu mubiri wacu. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwabyo.

Ku bijyanye na HeFH, uvukana gene iturutse ku mubyeyi wawe ibangamira inzira yo gukuraho cholesterol mbi (LDL) . Niba ufite iyi gene, umwana wawe afite amahirwe angana na 50% yo kuyirwara.

Ushobora kuba warumvise indi ndwara ifite izina risa nayo, Homozygous Familyal Hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). Ibi biterwa n'uturemangingo tw'umubiri dufite inenge twavutse ku babyeyi bombi. HoFH ni indwara ikomeye cyane kurusha HeFH, ariko ikunze kugaragara gake cyane.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibi?

Iyo itavuwe, HeFH ishobora gutuma cholesterol ya LDL yawe na cholesterol yose bizamuka cyane. Iyi cholesterol ya LDL ishobora kwirunda ku nkuta z'imiyoboro y'amaraso yacu, nko gufunga umuyoboro, bigatuma inzira amaraso atemberamo ifunga. Ibi tubyita "atherosclerosis" cyangwa "gukomera kw'imitsi."

Iyo ibi bibaye, umutima ugomba gukora cyane kurusha uko bisanzwe kugira ngo upompe amaraso mu mubiri wose. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, umutima ushobora kwangirika no kurwara indwara z'umutima. Kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi by'iyi ndwara ni ububabare bwo mu gituza, buzwi nka angina. Iyo bitavuwe, ibi bishobora gutera indwara y'umutima cyangwa indwara yo gucika imitsi.

Ibimenyetso bisaba kwitabwaho byihutirwa

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bikurikira, jya kwa muganga wita ku barwayi ba ETU (ETU) byihutirwa.

• Ibimenyetso by'indwara y'umutima:
• Gufungana, gufungana, cyangwa kubabara mu gituza
• Kubabara umugongo wo hejuru cyangwa ijosi
• Ububabare bukwirakwira mu kuboko
• Isesemi cyangwa kuruka
• Guhumeka bigoranye
• Ibimenyetso by'indwara yo mu bwonko:
• Kugorwa no kuvuga
• Gucika intege mu kuboko cyangwa ku kuguru
• Kugwa k'uruhande rumwe rw'isura
• Gutakaza uburinganire bw'umubiri

Imiterere y'umubiri igaragara hejuru

Kolesteroli nyinshi rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutera ibimenyetso ku mubiri.

Wamenya ute ko ufite iyi ndwara?

Hari ibizamini bike byoroshye bishobora kugufasha wowe cyangwa umwana wawe kumenya niba afite HeFH. Icy'ingenzi ni ukuyisuzuma no kuyivura vuba bishoboka. Nubwo abana bato badafite ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima, iyi cholesterol nyinshi ibashyira mu kaga ko kurwara indwara z'umutima mu gihe kizaza.

Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe afite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga ukaganira kuri byo.

• Igipimo cya cholesterol nyinshi ya LDL kidagabanuka nubwo umuntu agenzuye indyo (kirenga 190 mg/dL ku muntu mukuru, kirenga 160 mg/dL ku mwana uri munsi y'imyaka 16).
• Kugira cholesterol nyinshi mu muryango.
• Kugira indwara y'umutima cyangwa indwara y'umutima mbere y'imyaka 60 ku bagabo bo mu muryango cyangwa mbere y'imyaka 70 ku bagore bo mu muryango.
• Kuba hari ibibyimba by'uruhu nka za xanthomas zavuzwe haruguru.
• Kubabara mu gituza.

Muganga wawe azagukorera isuzuma ry’umubiri kugira ngo arebe niba ibyo bimenyetso ari ukuri. Byongeye kandi, isuzuma ry’amaraso rizapima urugero rwa cholesterol yawe. Muri HeFH, urugero rwa cholesterol ya LDL ubusanzwe rurenze 200 mg/dL naho urugero rwa cholesterol yose rurenze 300 mg/dL.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ikizamini cy’imihangayiko kugira ngo harebwe imikorere y’umutima cyangwa ikizamini cyihariye cy’uturemangingo kugira ngo harebwe niba hari impinduka mu turemangingo nabyo bishobora kuba byasabwa.

Ivurwa ite?

Intego nyamukuru yo kuvura HeFH ni ukugabanya urugero rwa cholesterol mbi ya LDL no kukurinda indwara z'umutima. Ibi bisaba guhindura imibereho n'imiti.

Impinduka mu mibereho

• Indyo nziza: Irinde ibiryo birimo ibinure byinshi kandi byuzuye (inyama z'inka, ingurube, amavuta ya kokonati, umuhondo w'igi, amata adafunguye). Ahubwo, shyiramo imboga, imbuto, ibinyamisogwe, imbuto z'ubunyobwa, amafi n'inkoko zidafite ibinure byinshi mu ifunguro ryawe.
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri: Kora ikintu gitera umutima wawe gutera cyane, nko kugenda n'amaguru, koga, cyangwa kugendera ku igare, nibura iminsi 4 mu cyumweru mu gihe cy'iminota 30.
• Kugabanya ibiro: Niba ufite umubyibuho ukabije, gabanya ibiro binyuze mu mirire no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
• Irinde kunywa itabi: Kunywa itabi ni ikintu gishobora gutera indwara z'umutima, niba ufite iyo ngeso, hita uyireka.

Kuvura imiti

Muganga wawe akunze kubanza kukwandikira ubwoko bw'imiti yitwa statins . Iyi miti ikora mu guhagarika umubiri gukora cholesterol. Kubera ko urugero rwa cholesterol ruri hejuru cyane muri HeFH, ushobora gukenera gufata iyi miti ku rugero rwo hejuru.

Niba imiti ya statine yonyine idahagije kugira ngo igenzure urugero rw'umuti, muganga wawe azakwandikira indi miti.

• Ibikoresho bigabanya ubukana bwa PCSK9: Iyi ni imiti itangwa nk'inshinge. Ifasha umwijima gukuraho cholesterol ya LDL.
• Ezetimibe: Uyu muti ukora mu kugabanya umubiri kwinjiza cholesterol mu biribwa turya.

Hari igihe bishobora kuba ngombwa gukoresha imiti ibiri cyangwa itatu muri iyi hamwe.

Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura

Iyo urugero rwa cholesterol ruri hejuru cyane ku buryo udashobora kugenzurwa ukoresheje imiti no guhindura imibereho yawe, ushobora guhabwa uburyo bwo kuvura bwitwa LDL apheresis . Ibi bisa na dialyse, aho amaraso yawe anyuzwa mu mashini iyungurura cholesterol mbi ya LDL hanyuma ikayisubiza mu mubiri wawe.