Ese ufite uturemangingo twa kanseri mu maraso yawe? Ikizamini cya immunophenotyping gipima iki?

Ese muganga wawe yarebye umubare w'amaraso yawe (CBC) maze akavuga ko umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera uri hejuru gato cyangwa usa n'aho utari mwiza? Hanyuma yavuze ku isuzuma rifite izina ridasanzwe ryitwa 'Immunophenotyping'? Ubwo wumvise iryo zina, ushobora kuba waragize ubwoba gato, ukibaza ubwoko bw'isuzuma. Ni ikintu gisanzwe cyane. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuvuge kuri iki kizamini cyitwa 'Immunophenotyping' mu buryo bworoshye cyane, mu buryo ushobora kumva.

Gukoresha immunophenotyping mu buryo bworoshye ni iki?

Mu magambo make, 'Immunophenotyping' ni ikizamini cyihariye cya laboratwari kireba uturemangingo two mu mubiri wacu, cyane cyane uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, kugira ngo harebwe niba dufite kanseri cyangwa atari yo. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane mu gusuzuma kanseri zifitanye isano n'amaraso nka leukemia na lymphoma.

Muri iki kizamini, inzobere mu ndwara, umuganga w’inzobere mu gukora ingirabuzima fatizo n’uturemangingo, ashakisha poroteyine zihariye zitwa "antigens" ku buso bw’uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera. Kuba hari "antigens" nk’izi, hamwe n’ubwoko bwa "antigens" zihari, bishobora gufasha kumenya niba utwo turemangingo ari tuzima cyangwa ari kanseri.

Iyo turebye icyo ijambo `Immunophenotyping’ risobanura, dushobora kubisobanura kurushaho:

• Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: Ibi bivuze ikintu kijyanye n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwacu. Muri iki kizamini, poroteyine zitwa "Antigens" navuze mbere zikoreshwa mu kugaragaza ubundi bwoko bwa poroteyine yitwa "Antibodys" iri no mu budahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu. Ibi bimeze nk'urufunguzo n'ingufuri. Urufunguzo rwihariye (Antibody) rwakoreweho gusa nirwo rujyanye n'ingufuri runaka (Antigen).

• Phenotype: Ibi bivuga imiterere y'inyuma, igaragara y'ikintu. Rero iyo urwo rufunguzo (Antibody) rufatanye n'ingufuri (Antigen), dushobora kubibona mu buryo runaka. Iyo umuganga w'indwara abibonye, ​​amenya ko ingufuri ijyanye na yo, ni ukuvuga `(Antigen)` ijyanye na yo, iri kuri iyo selile.

Izi `(Antigens)` (zifunga) ziboneka mu tunyangingo twa kanseri zitandukanye n'iziboneka mu tunyangingo tuzima. Rero mu kumenya neza ubwo bwoko bwa `(Antigens)`, iki kizamini gifasha kumenya neza niba iyi ari kanseri, kandi niba ari yo, ubwoko bwa kanseri.

Iki kizamini kigomba gukorwa ryari?

Muganga wawe akunze kukugira inama yo gupima niba umubare wuzuye w'amaraso yawe (CBC) ugaragaje umubare udasanzwe w'uturemangingo tw'umweru mu maraso. Iki gishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya kanseri zimwe na zimwe mu maraso. Bityo, ikizamini cya "Immunophenotyping" gifasha kwemeza icyo cyizere.

Ubu buryo kandi ni ingenzi cyane mu bushakashatsi ku ndwara ya kanseri. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa kandi mu kwiga uburyo uturemangingo twa kanseri dufite "Antigens" zimwe na zimwe dufasha mu miti itandukanye irwanya kanseri, cyane cyane "Immunotherapy".

Ikizamini gikorwa gute? Ni iki kiba muri laboratwari?

Muri iki kizamini, ugomba gukora ikintu gito cyane. Ni ukuvuga gutanga icyitegererezo gikenewe mu kizamini. Nyuma y'ibyo, ibindi byose biba muri laboratwari. Ntugomba kubihangayikishwa. Ubusanzwe, uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bukoreshwa mu gukora iki kizamini.

1. Ingano y'amazi mu mikorere y'imashini (Flow Cytometry)

2. Ubuvuzi bw'imyororokere (IHC)

Reka turebe uko bigenda muri ubu buryo bubiri.

Uburyo bwa Cytometry y'Iterambere

Ubu ni bwo buryo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane. Ubu buryo butuma umubare munini w'uturemangingo twakuwe mu maraso cyangwa mu ngingo zisanzwe bipimwa icyarimwe. Dore ibibera muri laboratwari:

• Gufata icyitegererezo: Ibi bikorwa ukoresheje icyitegererezo gito cy'umusokoro wawe (biopsy y'umusokoro w'amagufwa). Cyangwa, akenshi, ukoresheje amaraso make. Hari igihe ushobora gufata icyitegererezo cy'umusokoro cyangwa amazi yo mu nda.
• Kubika icyitegererezo: Muri laboratwari, icyitegererezo gitegurwa hifashishijwe imiti idasanzwe kugira ngo uturemangingo tugumane ubuzima bwiza kandi tudapfa.
• Kongeramo Antibody: Hanyuma haza igice cy'ingenzi cyane. Bakongeramo "Antibody" (urufunguzo) rwagenewe guhuza na "Antigen" dushaka kuri iki cyitegererezo. Ariko hari ikintu kidasanzwe kuri iyi "Antibody". Ifite ikintu gito gitanga urumuri, "Fluorescent Compound" ifatanye na yo. Rero iyo urwo rufunguzo ruhujwe n'ingufuri, ako karemangingo gatangira gutanga urumuri.
• Gushyira muri Flow Cytometer: Iyi sample yateguwe ishyirwa muri mashini yihariye yitwa ``Flow Cytometer``. Uko uturemangingo tugenda muri iyi mashini imwe ku yindi, sensor ``Detectors`` ziri muri iyo mashini zimenya kandi zikabara uturemangingo dutanga urumuri rwinshi.

Ukoresheje ubu buryo, birashoboka kumenya neza umubare w'uturemangingo turimo `(Antigen)` bireba.

Uburyo bwa immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Ubu buryo busanzwe bukoreshwa mu gushaka `(Antigens)` iri mu gipimo runaka cy'ingingo `(Icyitegererezo cy'ingingo). Aha, ikintu gisa na `(Flow Cytometry)` kibaho. Ariko itandukaniro rikomeye ni uko hano, `(Antibody)` idafatanye n'ikintu gitanga urumuri. Ahubwo, enzyme `(Enzyme)` irafatanye.

Kubera iyi enzyme, iyo `(Antibody)` yifatanye na `(Antigen)` ijyanye nayo, iyo selile ihindura ibara runaka. Hanyuma, iyo umuganga w’indwara ayirebye akoresheje mikorosikopi, ashobora kubona neza utwo turemangingo tw’amabara. Muri ubwo buryo, ashobora kwemeza ko `(Antigen)` ijyanye nayo iri muri iyo selile.

Ese hari aho bigarukira cyangwa hari ibitagenda neza kuri iki kizamini?

Yego, kimwe n'ibindi bizamini byose, iki nacyo gifite imbogamizi zacyo. Ikibazo gikomeye ni uko atari buri laboratwari ikora iki kizamini ikurikiza uburyo bumwe busanzwe. Ibi bivuze ko hashobora kubaho itandukaniro rito mu bisubizo kuva kuri laboratwari imwe ujya ku yindi.

Ni ibihe bintu bivugwa muri iyo raporo? Ivuga iki?

Raporo y'ikizamini cya `Immunophenotyping` ntabwo yoroshye nk'iy'amaraso asanzwe. Irimo amakuru n'imbonerahamwe byakuwe mu mashini ya `(Flow Cytometer)`. Umuganga w'indwara wabihuguriwe ni we wenyine ushobora kubisobanukirwa. Asesengura ayo makuru agategura raporo ya nyuma.

Muri iyo raporo, umuganga wawe azahabwa amakuru nk'aya:

• Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera turi mu gipimo?
• Utwo turemangingo turi mu cyiciro ki cy'iterambere?
• Ni selile zingahe zirimo `(Antigen)` yapimwe?

Umuganga w’indwara agereranya amakuru yavuye mu gipimo cyawe n’amakuru yavuye ku muntu muzima, ndetse n’imiterere y’amakuru yavuye ku bantu barwaye ubwoko runaka bwa leukemia cyangwa lymphoma. Ashingiye kuri iri gereranya, hamwe n’ibyavuye mu bindi bipimo, afata umwanzuro ku bijyanye n’uko ushobora kuba ufite kanseri akeka.

Ni ryari ngomba kuvugana na muganga?

Gutegereza ibisubizo by'ibizamini bishobora kugutera imihangayiko. Ufite ibibazo byinshi mu mutwe. Ni ibisanzwe kumva utazi igihe ibisubizo bizaza n'icyo bizavuga.

Wenda nta kibazo ufite, wenda utunguwe no kubona raporo ya `CBC`. Wenda umaze igihe wumva unaniwe kandi utameze neza. Ariko, iki ni igihe cyo kwihangana. Iki ni intambwe imwe gusa mu rugendo rwo kumenya ibirimo kuba mu mubiri wawe.

Muganga wawe ni we muyobozi mwiza muri iki gihe.

• Niba utazi neza igihe uzabona ibisubizo, baza muganga wawe.
• Umaze kubona ibisubizo byawe, niba utasobanukiwe neza ibirimo, banza ubaze ibibazo kugeza ubisobanukiwe. Ni uburenganzira bwawe.
• Ntukibagirwe n'ibiri muri raporo. Ni inshingano za muganga kugusobanurira icyo bivuze kuri wewe.

Uturemangingo twawe tuba dufite amakuru menshi yerekeye ubuzima bwawe. Immunophenotype ni kimwe mu bikoresho bishobora kugufasha kuvumbura ayo makuru no gusobanukirwa neza ubuzima bwawe. Ni ibisanzwe kugira ubwoba no guhangayika mu gihe nk'iki. Niba ukeneye ubufasha, vugana na muganga wawe.