Umeze ute uyu munsi? Tugiye kuganira ku kintu cy'ingenzi ku bihaha byawe. Ese muganga wawe yigeze agusaba 'ikizamini cy'imikorere y'ibihaha'? Cyangwa wenda wagiye uhura n'ikibazo cyo kubura umwuka cyangwa inkorora idakira? Niba ari byo, iki kiganiro ni ingenzi cyane kuri wewe. Reka turebe neza icyo iki kizamini ari cyo, impamvu gikorwa, n'uko gikorwa, mu magambo make.
Ubwa mbere, ibihaha byacu ni iki?
Mbere yuko twinjira mu bizamini, reka dufate umwanya wo gusobanukirwa icyo ibihaha byawe ari cyo n'akazi gatangaje bikorera umubiri wawe.Mu magambo make, ibihaha byawe ni ingingo ebyiri zitangaje zisa n'izimeze nk'izisiponji, ziherereye ku mpande zombi z'igituza cyawe. Iyo uhumeka, ibihaha byawe bikora nk'inzira, bikura umwuka wa ogisijeni mu kirere bikawushyira mu maraso yawe. Muri icyo gihe, bikora umurimo w'ingenzi wo gukura umwuka wa karuboni mu mubiri wawe. Nk'uko amababi atuma igiti kibaho, ni ko ibihaha byawe biguha umwuka w'ingenzi w'ubuzima. Ese ibyo bifite ishingiro?
None se, Ibizamini by'imikorere y'ibihaha ni iki?
Reka turebere hamwe ibizamini by'imikorere y'ibihaha (LFTs), rimwe na rimwe byitwa ibizamini by'imikorere y'ibihaha (PFTs). Muri make, ibi bizamini bipima uburyo ibihaha byawe bikora neza—cyane cyane uburyo ushobora guhumeka no gusohora umwuka neza kandi neza. Tekereza nk'uburyo bwo gusuzuma ibihaha byawe; nk'uko umukanishi agenzura imikorere ya moteri, ibi bizamini biha muganga wawe isuzuma ryumvikana ry'ubuzima bw'ibihaha byawe ubu.
Kuki muganga wawe yagusabye iki kizamini?
Ushobora kuba wibaza impamvu umuganga wawe wa Nirogi Lanka yategetse iki kizamini. Hari impamvu nyinshi z'ingenzi zo gusuzuma iki kizamini:
- Gusuzuma ibibazo byo guhumeka: Niba uhura n'inkorora idashira, guhumeka nabi, umunaniro mu gihe ukora ibintu byoroheje (nk'ukuzamuka ingazi), cyangwa ukumva igituza gifunganye kandi gihumeka nabi, ibi bizamini bifasha kumenya impamvu nyamukuru.
- Gusuzuma indwara z'ibihaha: Ibi bizamini ni ingenzi mu kwemeza cyangwa gusuzuma indwara zidakira nka Asima , COPD (Indwara y'ibihaha idakira) — akenshi ifitanye isano no kunywa itabi—na Fibrosis y'ibihaha .
- Gukurikirana uko indwara igenda: Niba usanzwe ufite ikibazo cy'ibihaha, ibi bizamini bikorwa buri gihe kugira ngo gahunda yawe yo kuvura ikore neza kandi harebwe niba indwara yawe ihagaze neza, irushaho kuba nziza cyangwa irushaho kuba mbi.
- Isuzuma mbere yo kubagwa: Mbere yo kubagwa bikomeye, ibi bizamini bidufasha gusuzuma niba ibihaha byawe bikomeye bihagije kugira ngo bihangane n'imihangayiko yo kubagwa ndetse n'ingaruka zo gusinziriza.
- Gusuzuma ibyangiritse ku kazi: Niba umwuga wawe usaba guhora uhura n'umukungugu, imiti, cyangwa ibikoresho nka asbestos (urugero, mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro cyangwa mu nganda zikora imiti), dukoresha ibi bizamini kugira ngo dusuzume niba ibihaha bishobora kwangirika mu gihe kirekire.
Ni ibihe bipimo by'imikorere y'ibihaha bikunze gukoreshwa cyane?
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa LFTs, ariko ikunze kugaragara cyane—kandi akenshi intambwe ya mbere—ni Spirometry .
Spirometry ni iki?
Spirometry ni ikizamini cyoroshye kandi kidakoresha imbaraga nyinshi. Uzasabwa gufunga iminwa yawe ku kanwa gahujwe n'igikoresho cyitwa Spirometer . Nyuma yo guhumeka cyane, uzasabwa gusohora umwuka cyane kandi mu buryo bwuzuye uko ushoboye kose - tekereza ko ugerageza kuzimya buji zose ziri ku gatsima k'isabukuru mu guhumeka kumwe.
Iki kizamini gipima ahanini agaciro kabiri k'ingenzi:
1. FVC (Ubushobozi bw'Ingufu Zikomeye): Ibi bipima ingano y'umwuka ushobora gusohora umwuka ku ngufu nyuma yo guhumeka cyane bishoboka.
2. FEV1 (Ubunini bw'umwuka ukoreshwa mu gusezerera mu isegonda 1): Ibi bipima ingano y'umwuka ushobora gusohora mu isegonda rya mbere ry'uwo mwuka ukoreshwa mu gusezerera.
Mu gusesengura izi ndangagaciro, muganga wawe ashobora kumenya uko ibihaha byawe bimeze neza ndetse niba hari imbogamizi mu nzira z'ubuhumekero bwawe (nk'iziterwa na asima cyangwa COPD). Urugero, umuntu urwaye asima ashobora kugaragaza FEV1 iri hasi ugereranije n'umuntu muzima.
Ushobora kandi kuba uzi neza Peak Flow Meter . Iki ni igikoresho gito, gishobora kwimurwa gikunze gukoreshwa n'abarwayi ba asima mu ngo zabo kugira ngo bakurikirane imikorere y'ibihaha byabo ku giti cyabo. Gikora ku mahame asa n'ayo yo guhumeka umwuka ku ngufu.
Ese hari ubundi bwoko bw'ibizamini?
Yego, nubwo spirometry ari ikintu gisanzwe, hari ibizamini byihariye byo gusuzuma indwara mu buryo bwimbitse, ibyo muganga azagusaba nibiba ngombwa:
- Ibizamini by'ingano y'ibihaha: Ibi bipima neza ubushobozi bw'ibihaha byawe, nk'ingano y'umwuka ibihaha byawe bishobora kubika (Ubushobozi bwose bw'ibihaha) n'umwuka usigaye nyuma yo guhumeka bisanzwe (Ubushobozi busigaye). Ibi akenshi biba bisaba kwicara mu cyumba gito, gifite inkuta z'ibirahure cyitwa Body Plethysmograph .
- Ibipimo byo Gukwirakwiza Imyuka (DLCO): Iki kizamini cy'ingenzi gipima uburyo ogisijeni yimuka neza iva mu dusakoshi tw'umwuka w'ibihaha byawe (alveoli) ikagera mu maraso yawe, bigaragaza uburyo ibihaha byawe byorohereza ihererekanya ry'imyuka.
- Ibizamini by'imyitozo ngororamubiri y'umutima n'ibihaha: Niba muganga wawe akeneye kureba uko ibihaha byawe, umutima, n'imiyoboro y'amaraso byitwara mu gihe ufite imbaraga nke, ushobora gusabwa gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri yoroheje (nk'ukugenda ku igare cyangwa gukoresha igare ritahagaze) mu gihe cy'ikizamini.
Wakwitegura ute ikizamini?
Kwitegura ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo nyabyo. Muganga wawe cyangwa abakozi b'ibitaro bya Nirogi Lanka bazaguha amabwiriza asobanutse neza, asanzwe arimo ibi bikurikira:
- Guhindura imiti: Niba ukoresha imiti ihumeka ivura asima cyangwa indi miti nka bronchodilators kugira ngo ifashe mu guhumeka, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kuyihagarika amasaha make (ubusanzwe amasaha 4-6 cyangwa 12) mbere yo gupimwa. Ariko, ibuka: ntuhagarike cyangwa ngo uhindure imiti yawe nta mabwiriza asobanutse neza yatanzwe na muganga wawe.
- Irinde kunywa itabi: Ugomba kwirinda kunywa itabi burundu ku munsi wo kwipimisha, kandi nibura amasaha abiri mbere yuko ukorerwa ikizamini.
- Irinde amafunguro menshi:Ntukarye ifunguro rinini mbere gato y'ikizamini. Inda yuzuye ishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bw'ibihaha byawe bwo kwaguka neza, bigatuma bigorana guhumeka cyane.
- Ambara imyenda igushimisha: Irinde imyenda igufunga cyane kandi ikubuza guhumeka neza mu gituza cyangwa mu rukenyerero. Ahubwo, ambara imyenda igukwiriye kandi ikubereye ituma uhumeka neza.
- Kafeyine n'imyitozo ngororamubiri: Ushobora kugirwa inama yo kwirinda kafeyine (iboneka mu cyayi, ikawa, nibindi) no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri igoye mu gihe cy'amasaha menshi mbere yo gupimwa.
Byongeye kandi, niba ufite ibimenyetso nk'ibicurane, umuriro, cyangwa inkorora ku munsi wo kwipimisha, nyamuneka menyesha muganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gipima ako kanya. Gahunda yawe ishobora gusubikwa umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri.
Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cy'ikizamini cya Spirometry?
Reka turebere hamwe ibiba mu gihe cy'ikizamini cya spirometry. Nyamuneka humura - nta cyo ugomba gutinya. Ubu buryo ntibutera indwara kandi ntibubabaza.
1. Uzicara neza mu ntebe.
2. Hazashyirwaho agakoresho koroshye ko gupfuka izuru. Ibi bigufasha guhumeka ukoresheje umunwa gusa, bikarinda umwuka gusohoka mu mazuru yawe mu gihe cyo gupimwa.
3. Umutekinisiye cyangwa umuforomo azagusaba gushyira iminwa yawe neza ku kanwa k'icyuma gipima spirometero kugira ngo ushyireho igifunga gihamye, wizere ko nta mwuka usohoka.
4. Mu ntangiriro, uzasabwa guhumeka nk'uko bisanzwe mu gihe gito.
5. Hanyuma haza igice cy'ingenzi cyane: Umutekinisiye azakubwira ati: “Humeka umwuka mwinshi, wuzuze ibihaha byawe uko ushoboye kose!” Umaze kubikora, bazakubwira bati: “Noneho, humeka cyane, vuba, kandi igihe kirekire uko ushoboye kose! Komeza, komeza uhumeke kugeza igihe ibihaha byawe bizaba byashize!”
Tekereza nk'aho ugerageza kuzimya buji zose ku gatsima k'isabukuru icyarimwe, cyangwa kuzuza umupira munini icyarimwe. Ugomba kuwukoresha uko ushoboye kose. Ushobora kumva unaniwe gato, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe ukumva ufite isereri gato, ariko ibi ni ibisanzwe rwose.
6. Uzasabwa gusubiramo iki gikorwa inshuro nyinshi (ubusanzwe nibura inshuro eshatu zatsinze kugira ngo umenye neza ko ari ukuri). Uzagira umwanya wo kuruhuka hagati ya buri kigeragezo.
7. Hari ubwo, nyuma yo gupimwa bwa mbere, ushobora guhabwa umuti ugabanya ubushyuhe bw'amaraso (ubusanzwe ukoresheje inhaler). Uzategereza iminota 10-20 hanyuma usubiremo uburyo bwo guhumeka. Ibi bizwi nka 'Post-Bronchodilator Spirometry.' Bifasha kumenya uko inzira z'ubuhumekero bwawe zisubiza umuti. Ibi ni ingenzi mu gusuzuma indwara nka asima.
Ikizamini cyose muri rusange kimara iminota 30 kugeza kuri 45. Umutekinisiye azagufasha muri buri ntambwe. Niba wumva umerewe nabi igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, ntutindiganye kumubwira.
Ni iki ibisubizo by'iki kizamini bishobora kutubwira?
Iyo ikizamini kirangiye, muganga wawe azasesengura amakuru (nk'agaciro ka FVC na FEV1) n'imbonerahamwe kugira ngo agusobanurire ibisubizo byawe. Ibi bisubizo bitanga ubumenyi bw'ingenzi:
- Gusuzuma indwara z'ibihaha: Bifasha kumenya niba ufite indwara nka asima, COPD, fibrosis y'ibihaha, cyangwa bronchiectasis.
- Gusuzuma ubukana bw'indwara: Iyo indwara ihari, izi ndangagaciro zifasha mu gushyira mu byiciro ubukana bwayo (urugero: yoroheje, iringaniye, cyangwa ikomeye).
- Gushyira mu byiciro indwara (Izibasira ugereranyije n'izigabanya ubukana): Indwara z'ibihaha zigabanyijemo indwara zo 'kuzibasira' (aho inzira z'ubuhumekero ziba nke, nka asima cyangwa COPD) n'indwara zo 'kuzibasira' (aho ibihaha bidashobora kwaguka neza, nka fibrosis y'ibihaha). Spirometry ifasha gutandukanya ubwo bwoko bw'indwara.
- Gukurikirana imikorere y'ubuvuzi: Niba usanzwe ufata imiti, ibi bizamini bikorwa buri gihe kugira ngo harebwe niba imikorere y'ibihaha byawe iri kugenda neza cyangwa ihagaze neza.
Muganga wawe ntazareba ibi bisubizo wenyine ahubwo azabigereranya n'ibimenyetso byawe, amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, n'ibindi bipimo byo gusuzuma indwara (nk'amashusho yo mu gituza). Kubwibyo, niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa ugasanga igice cy'ibisubizo kidasobanutse neza, nyamuneka ntutindiganye kubaza muganga wawe—menya neza ko usobanukiwe neza uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze.
Ese hari ingaruka cyangwa ingorane zijyanye n'iki kizamini?
Uburyo bwo gupima umwijima bufatwa nk'uburyo bwizewe cyane. Ingaruka zikomeye ni gake cyane.
Ariko, hari abantu bamwe bashobora kugira ububabare buto mu gihe cyo gupimwa cyangwa nyuma yaho:
- Umunaniro cyangwa isereri: Guhumeka ku ngufu bishobora kunaniza, kandi bamwe bashobora kumva bafite umutwe mu gihe gito, akenshi bigahita byihagararaho mu minota mike.
- Gukorora: Guhumeka cyane no guhumeka umwuka mwinshi bishobora gutera inkorora kuri bamwe.
- Gufungana mu gituza: Mu bihe bike cyane, ushobora kumva umeze nk'aho ufunganye mu gituza.
- Umutwe: Ni gake cyane, hari abantu bashobora kugira umutwe muto nyuma yo gupimwa.
Ariko, niba uherutse kugira indwara y'umutima, ukabagwa igituza cyane, ukabagwa amaso cyane (nk'uko wakuwemo cataract), ufite umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, cyangwa se ukaba waragize ikibazo nk'ikihaha cyacitse (pneumothorax), muganga wawe azasuzuma neza niba iki kizamini gikwiye kuri wewe. Ni ngombwa ko uha muganga wawe amateka yuzuye kandi nyayo y'ubuzima bwawe n'imiti ufata.
Ingingo z'ingenzi zo kwibuka
Twatanze amakuru menshi yerekeye Ibizamini by'Imikorere y'Ibihaha, cyane cyane Spirometry. Ndizera ko ubu usobanukiwe neza n'iyi gahunda. Dore ingingo z'ingenzi ugomba kuzirikana:
- Ibipimo by'imikorere y'ibihaha niuburyo bw'agaciro gakomeye, bworoshye, butababaza, kandi bwizewe bwo gusuzuma ubuzima bw'ibihaha byawe no kumenya uko bikora neza.
- Niba ufite ibimenyetso bidashira nko gukorora guhoraho, guhumeka nabi, guhumeka nabi, cyangwa gufungana mu gituza, ntutegereze ko bikemuka ubwabyo; gisha inama muganga vuba. Niba bibaye ngombwa, muganga wawe azakugira inama yo kubisuzuma.
- Ikizamini cya Spirometry ni cyo gikunze gukorwa kandi gitanga amakuru menshi muri iki cyiciro. Mbere yo kubonana na muganga, banza ukurikize amabwiriza ya muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'imiti n'imirire.
- Nta mpamvu yo guhangayika mu gihe cy'ikizamini. Abatekinisiye bacu b'abahanga bariho kugira ngo baguyobore kandi bagufashe mu gihe cyose cy'ikizamini—kora uko ushoboye kose ukurikize amabwiriza yabo.
- Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byawe bimaze kuboneka, biganireho na muganga wawe neza. Baza ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose ushobora kuba ufite kugira ngo umenye neza ibisubizo byawe n'intambwe zikurikiraho.
Ibihaha byawe ni ingenzi cyane kandi bigufasha kugira ubuzima bwiza. Gushyira imbere ubuzima bwabo, gufata ingamba zo kwirinda indwara, no kwisuzumisha igihe bibaye ngombwa ni ngombwa. Nirogi Lanka ikwifurije ubuzima bwiza n'ubuzima bwiza!
Ikizamini cy'imikorere y'ibihaha , Spirometry, Asima, COPD, Guhumeka, Ubuzima bw'ibihaha
