Ubuzima bw'ibihaha byawe bumeze bute? Reka twige ku bipimo by'imikorere y'ibihaha!

Umeze ute? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku kintu cy'ingenzi cyane ku bihaha byacu. Ese muganga wawe yigeze agusaba gukora 'ikizamini cy'imikorere y'ibihaha'? Cyangwa ukunze kugira ingorane zo guhumeka, nko gukorora? Noneho iyi nkuru izaba ingenzi cyane kuri wowe. Reka turebe iki kizamini icyo ari cyo, impamvu gikorwa, n'uko gikorwa mu buryo bworoshye.

Mbere ya byose, ibihaha byacu ni iki?

Mbere yuko tuvuga kuri ibi bipimo, reka twiyibutse icyo ibihaha byacu ari cyo n'uburyo bitanga serivisi nziza ku mibiri yacu. Mu magambo make, ibihaha ni ingingo ebyiri zitangaje, zisa n'izimeze nk'izisiponji ku mpande zombi z'igituza cyacu. Iyo duhumeka, ibi bihaha bifata umwuka wa ogisijeni uva mu bidukikije bikawushyira mu maraso yacu. Nanone, ibi bihaha bikora akazi gakomeye ko kurekura umwuka wa karuboni udakenewe wiyongera mu mibiri yacu. Nk'uko amababi y'igiti atanga ubuzima ku giti cyose, ibihaha byacu nabyo biduha umwuka w'ubuzima. Urabyumva?

None se, ibi bizamini by'imikorere y'ibihaha ni ibihe?

Noneho reka turebe icyo ibi bizamini by'imikorere y'ibihaha byitwa 'Ibipimo by'imikorere y'ibihaha - LFTs' cyangwa rimwe na rimwe 'Ibipimo by'imikorere y'ibihaha - PFTs'. Ibi bizamini bipima uburyo ibihaha byawe bikora neza, uburyo ushobora guhumeka no gusohora neza. Tekereza nk'uburyo bwo "gutunganya" moteri y'imodoka kugira ngo urebe uburyo ikora neza, iki kizamini gifasha abaganga bacu kumenya neza uko ibihaha byawe bimeze.

Kuki muganga yagusaba gukora ubwoko bw'ikizamini?

Noneho ushobora kuba uri kwibaza uti "Kuki muganga wanjye yansaba gukora ikizamini nk'iki?" Mu by'ukuri, hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora kubitera. Reka turebere hamwe izo ari zo:

• Reba niba ufite ibibazo byo guhumeka: Ese uhora uhura n'inkorora? Ese ufite izuru riva? Ese wumva ubura umwuka nubwo wazamukaga ingazi nke? Cyangwa wumva igituza cyawe kifunze cyangwa kikagira urusaku rwo guhumeka iyo uhumeka? Niba ari uko bimeze, ibi bizamini bishobora kugufasha kumenya neza icyabiteye .
• Kumenya indwara z'ibihaha: Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zigira ingaruka ku bihaha. Urugero, asima , COPD (Indwara y'ibihaha idakira) (iyi ni indwara y'ibihaha ikunze kugaragara ku banywi b'itabi), na fibrosis y'ibihaha (Pulmonary Fibrosis) birafasha cyane mu kwemeza , ni ukuvuga, gusuzuma indwara nk'izi.
• Genzura uko indwara ihagaze: Niba usanzwe ufite indwara y'ibihaha (urugero: asima), ese iyo ndwara ubu iri kugabanuka kandi se imiti ufata irakora neza?Ibi bizamini kandi bikorwa buri gihe kugira ngo harebwe niba ibintu birimo kugenda neza cyangwa birushaho kuba bibi.
• Mbere yo kubagwa bikomeye: Hari igihe, mbere yo kubagwa bikomeye, ibi bizamini bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba ibihaha byawe bizashobora kwihanganira kubagwa no gusinziriza.
• Reba niba ibihaha byangiritse: Hari abantu bakora akazi runaka aho bahora bahura n'umukungugu n'imiti. Urugero, abantu bakora mu mabuye, inganda zikora asbestos, n'inganda zikora imiti. Ibihaha by'abantu nk'abo bishobora kwangirika uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ibi bizamini kandi birafasha mu kugenzura niba ibyo byangiritse byabayeho.

Ni ibihe bipimo by'imikorere y'ibihaha bikunze gukoreshwa cyane?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'"Ibipimo by'imikorere y'ibihaha". Muri byo, ikizamini gikunze gukorwa cyane kandi cya mbere ni ikizamini cya "Spirometry" . Ushobora kuba wibuka ko ibi byavuzwe mu ntangiriro y'iyo nkuru.

Spirometry ni iki?

Iki ni cyo kizamini cya mbere gikorerwa kugira ngo urebe ibihaha byawe, kandi ni ikintu cyoroshye cyane. Bikubiyemo gushyira umunwa wawe mu gikoresho gito (cyitwa spirometer) no kugusaba guhumeka cyane, hanyuma ugasohora umwuka vuba kandi mu gihe kirekire gishoboka. Ni nko kuzimya buji zose ku gatsima k'isabukuru icyarimwe!

Iki kizamini cya spirometry gipima ibintu byinshi, bibiri by'ingenzi muri byo ni:

1. FVC (Ubushobozi bw'imbaraga): Ibi bipima ingano y'umwuka ushobora guhumeka mu buryo bwimbitse uko bishoboka kose mu guhumeka rimwe hanyuma ugasohora umwuka vuba kandi burundu uko bishoboka kose.

2. FEV1 (Ubunini bw'umwuka uhumeka mu isegonda 1): Ibi bipima ingano y'umwuka ushobora gusohora mu isegonda rya mbere iyo usohora umwuka vuba nk'uko byavuzwe haruguru.

Mu kureba izi ndangagaciro ebyiri, `FVC` na `FEV1` (n'izindi ndangagaciro nke), umuganga ashobora kumenya neza uko ibihaha byawe bimeze neza ndetse niba hari aho inzira z'ubuhumekero zifunga cyangwa zifunganye (nk'uko bimeze kuri asima cyangwa `COPD`). Urugero, umuntu urwaye `(Asima)` ashobora kugira agaciro ka `FEV1` kari hasi ugereranyije n'umuntu usanzwe muzima.

Ushobora kuba warabonye igikoresho gito cyitwa "Peak Flow Meter". Akenshi gikoreshwa n'abantu barwaye asima kugira ngo bakurikirane uko bamerewe mu rugo. Gisaba kandi guhumeka umwuka. Gitanga kandi igitekerezo cy'imikorere y'ibihaha.

Ese hari ubundi bwoko bw'ibizamini?

Yego, hari ibindi bizamini byihariye bitari spirometry. Si buri wese ubikeneye. Bikorwa gusa iyo muganga asanze ari ngombwa.

• Isuzuma ry'ingano y'ibihaha:Ibi bishobora gupima neza ibintu nk'ingano y'umwuka ibihaha byawe bishobora kubika (Ububasha bwose bw'ibihaha) n'ingano y'umwuka usigaye mu bihaha byawe nyuma yo guhumeka bisanzwe (Ubunini bw'ibisigara). Hari igihe iki kizamini gikorwa ushyirwa mu cyumba gito cy'ikirahure (cyitwa plethysmograph y'umubiri).
• Ibipimo byo Gukwirakwiza Imyuka (DLCO): Iki ni ikizamini cy'ingenzi cyane. Gipima uburyo umwuka uhumeka winjira mu maraso vuba kandi neza binyuze mu dusaho duto tw'umwuka (alveoli) mu bihaha. Ibi bigaragaza uburyo ibihaha bihinduranya umwuka neza.
• Ibizamini by'imyitozo ngororamubiri y'umutima n'ibihaha: Ibi bizamini rimwe na rimwe bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe uko ibihaha byawe, umutima, n'imiyoboro y'amaraso byakira imyitozo ngororamubiri (urugero: gutembera ku igare cyangwa ku igare) no kureba niba ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka nabi.

Hari icyo ngomba gutegura mbere yo gukora iki kizamini?

Yego, hari imyiteguro mike mbere yo kujya muri iki kizamini. Muganga wawe cyangwa ibitaro bikorerwamo ikizamini bizaguha amabwiriza asobanutse neza kuri ibi. Akenshi, ibintu nk'ibi bivugwa:

• Imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora gukenera guhagarikwa igihe runaka: Niba ufata imiti ihumeka, nk'iyo muri asima, cyangwa indi miti igabanya ububabare bw'imitsi, ushobora gusabwa kuyihagarika amasaha make mbere yo kwipimisha (wenda amasaha 4-6 cyangwa 12). Ariko ibuka ko udakwiye guhagarika gufata imiti yawe keretse muganga wawe abikubwiye.
• Irinde kunywa itabi burundu: Ugomba kwirinda kunywa itabi burundu ku munsi w'ikizamini na nibura isaha imwe cyangwa ebyiri mbere y'ikizamini.
• Ntukarye ifunguro rinini mbere yo kwipimisha. Ibi biterwa nuko iyo igifu cyawe cyuzuye, ibihaha byawe bizaba byagutse neza, bigatuma bigorana guhumeka cyane.
• Ntukambare imyenda ifunganye kandi igabanya imbaraga: Aho kwambara imyenda ifunganye igabanya imbaraga mu gituza cyawe kandi ikakugora guhumeka, ambara imyenda idafite ishingiro kandi igushimisha.
• Ibinyobwa birimo kafeyine n'imyitozo ngororamubiri: Hari igihe ushobora gusabwa kwirinda kunywa ibinyobwa birimo kafeyine, nk'icyayi na kawa, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri igoye amasaha make mbere yo kwipimisha.

Nanone, niba ufite indwara nk'ibicurane, umuriro, cyangwa inkorora ku munsi wo gupimwa, nyamuneka menyesha muganga wawe cyangwa laboratwari mbere y'igihe. Ikizamini gishobora gusubikwa umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri.

Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cy'ikizamini cya spirometry?

Noneho reka turebe ikizaba muri iki kizamini cya spirometry. Nta cyo ugomba gutinya, kuko iki si ikizamini kibabaza.

1. Ubwa mbere, uzaba wicaye neza mu ntebe.

2. Hanyuma, agace gato k'izuru gashyirwa ku mazuru yawe. Gashyirwa ku buryo iyo uhumeka unyuze mu kanwa kawe, umwuka ntusohoke unyuze mu mazuru yawe. Hanyuma ugomba guhumeka winjira kandi ugasohoka unyuze mu kanwa kawe gusa.

3. Hanyuma, umutekinisiye cyangwa umuforomo uri gukora ikizamini azakubwira gufunga iminwa yawe neza hafi y'umunwa wa spirometer kugira ngo hatazagira umwuka usohoka.

4. Ubwa mbere, uzasabwa guhumeka umwuka usanzwe.

5. Hanyuma hakaza igice cy'ingenzi. Umutekinisiye azakubwira ati: "Fata umwuka mwinshi, wuzuze ibihaha byawe uko ushoboye kose!" Umaze kubikora, azahita avuga ati: "Noneho humeka vuba kandi igihe kirekire uko ushoboye kose! Humeka! Humeka! Kandi uhumeke, kugeza igihe igitonyanga cya nyuma cy'umwuka kizashira!"

Tekereza ucana buji nyinshi ku gatsima k'isabukuru icyarimwe. Cyangwa ushyiramo umupira munini mu mwuka umwe. Ugomba kubikora uko ushoboye kose. Uzumva unaniwe gato, wenda uzumva umeze nk'uzumva, ariko ibyo ni ibisanzwe.

6. Uzasabwa kubikora inshuro nyinshi (ubusanzwe nibura inshuro eshatu, wenda zirenzeho kugira ngo ubone umusaruro mwiza). Uzahabwa ikiruhuko gito hagati ya buri gihe.

7. Hari igihe, nyuma y'iki kizamini, uhabwa umuti ugabanya ububabare bw'imitsi (akenshi uba mu buryo bwa inhaler) hanyuma ugasabwa kongera guhumeka muri ubwo buryo mu gihe cy'iminota 10-20. Ibi byitwa Post-Bronchodilator Spirometry. Bipima uko ibihaha byawe n'imiyoboro y'umwuka byitabira imiti ndetse niba bifunguka. Ibi ni ingenzi mu gusuzuma indwara nka asima.

Ikizamini cyose gikunze gufata iminota 30 kugeza kuri 45. Umutekinisiye ukora ikizamini azagusobanurira byose neza kandi agufashe. Niba wumva umerewe nabi, ntutinye kubimubwira ako kanya.

Ni iki twakwigira ku bisubizo by'iki kizamini?

Iyo ikizamini kirangiye, muganga azakusanya amakuru yose ari muri cyo, nka `FVC`, `FEV1` values, graphs, nibindi, maze abigusobanurire. Ushobora kwiga ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi muri ibi bisubizo:

• Niba ufite indwara y'ibihaha cyangwa udafite: Ibi bisubizo bifasha kumenya niba ufite indwara zitandukanye z'ibihaha nka `(Asima)`, `(COPD)`, `(Pulmonary Fibrosis)`, na `(Bronchiectasis)`.
• Uko indwara ikabije: Niba ufite indwara y'ibihaha, izi ndangagaciro zifasha mu gushyira mu byiciro ubukana bwayo (ni ukuvuga yoroheje, iringaniye, ikomeye).
• Shyira mu byiciro indwara (Iziba cyangwa Igabanya ubukana):Indwara zimwe na zimwe z'ibihaha zigabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri. Bumwe ni indwara zo "kuziba". Ni igihe inzira z'umwuka zifunga. Urugero, asima, "COPD" ishobora kwitwa. Ubundi ni indwara zo "guhagarika". Ni igihe ibihaha bidashobora kwaguka neza, ni ukuvuga ko bidashobora gukura. Urugero, "pulmonary fibrosis". Iki kizamini cya spirometry gishobora kumenya indwara muri izi ebyiri ufite.
• Uko umubiri wawe witabira kuvurwa: Niba usanzwe ufata imiti y’indwara y’ibihaha, ibi bizamini bikorwa buri gihe kugira ngo harebwe niba imimerere y’ibihaha byawe irimo kuba myiza cyangwa igenda neza ukoresheje iyo miti.

Muganga ntagereranya gusa ibyavuye muri iki kizamini n'ibimenyetso byawe, amateka yawe y'ubuzima, n'ibindi bizamini bishobora kuba byarakozwe (urugero, X-ray yo mu gituza) kugira ngo agere ku mwanzuro wa nyuma. Rero, niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa gushidikanya ku bisubizo, ntutinye kubaza muganga, uko byaba bimeze kose.

Ese hari ingorane cyangwa ibyago biri muri ibi bizamini?

Ibi bizamini by’imikorere y’ibihaha, cyane cyane spirometry, muri rusange bifatwa nk’aho ari umutekano cyane. Nta ngaruka zikomeye biteza.

Ariko, hari abantu bashobora kugira ububabare buke mu gihe cyo gupimwa cyangwa nyuma yaho:

• Kumva unaniwe gato, uzumva: Iyo uhumeka kuri uwo muvuduko, ushobora kumva unaniwe gato, ndetse bamwe bakumva uzumva uzumva cyangwa uzumva ufite isereri. Ibi bizashira ubwabyo nyuma y'igihe runaka.
• Gukorora bishobora kubaho: Hari abantu bashobora gukorora gato iyo bafashe umwuka mwinshi kandi bahumeka vuba.
• Gufunga gato mu gituza: Ni gake cyane, hari abantu bashobora kumva igituza gifunganye cyangwa gifunganye.
• Nk'umutwe: Ni gake cyane, hari abantu bashobora kugira umutwe muto nyuma yo gupimwa.

Ariko, niba uherutse kugira indwara y'umutima, kubagwa igituza, kubagwa amaso cyane (nk'uko wabazwe cataract), umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije, cyangwa pneumothorax iherutse, muganga wawe ni we uzagena niba iki kizamini gikwiye cyangwa kitakwiye. Kubwibyo, menya neza ko wahaye muganga wawe ibisobanuro byuzuye ku buzima bwawe n'imiti ufata.

Hanyuma rero, ibintu bike byo kwibuka

Sawa, twaganiriye cyane ku bipimo by'imikorere y'ibihaha, cyane cyane spirometry. Ndatekereza ko ubu usobanukiwe neza ibi. Hanyuma, dore ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka:

• Ibipimo by'imikorere y'ibihaha bishobora kukwereka ubuzima bw'ibihaha byawe n'uburyo bikora neza.Uburyo bw'ingenzi cyane, bworoshye, butababaza kandi bufite umutekano.
• Niba ufite ibimenyetso nko gukorora guhoraho, guhumeka nabi, guhumeka bigoranye, cyangwa gufunga igituza, ntugatekereze ko bizashira gusa, ahubwo jya kwa muganga kugira ngo akugire inama. Niba abona ko ari ngombwa, bazagutegeka gukora ubwo bwoko bw'isuzuma.
• Ikizamini cya Spirometry ni cyo gikunze gukorwa kandi gitanga amakuru menshi. Mbere yo kugikoresha, kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga (ajyanye no guhagarika imiti, kurya, nibindi) neza.
• Ntugatinye ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose mu gihe urimo gukora ikizamini. Hari abatekinisiye b'abahanga bazagufasha no gusobanura byose. Tuzagushyigikira uko dushoboye kose.
• Iyo umaze kubona ibisubizo by'ibizamini byawe, ganira na muganga wawe neza ku byerekeye ibyo wakoze, ubaze ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose ufite, kandi umenye neza ko ubyumva neza.

Ibihaha byawe ni ubukungu bw'agaciro katagereranywa bugutera imbaraga. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kubyitaho, kugerageza kubikomeza mu buzima, no gukorerwa ibizamini bikenewe igihe bibaye ngombwa. Ndakwifuriza ubuzima bwiza igihe cyose!

Ikizamini cy'imikorere y'ibihaha , Spirometry, Asima, COPD, Guhumeka, Ubuzima bw'ibihaha