Ese twavuga gusa ku gice cy'ubwonko, igice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ubwonko?

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo ubwonko bwacu bukora mu buryo butangaje? Aka gatsiko gato gashinzwe ibyo dutekereza byose, twibuka, tuvuga, kandi twumva. Uyu munsi rero tugiye kuvuga ku gice cy'ingenzi cyane kandi cyihariye cy'ubwonko. Icyo gice cyitwa cortex y'ubwonko . Ntugatinye niba izina ryumvikana nk'iry'ubumenyi. Tuzabivugaho mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora kumva. Kimwe no kuganira n'inshuti.

Cortex yo mu bwonko ni iki?

Mu magambo make, cortex y'ubwonko ni igitwikirizo cy'inyuma cyangwa "igishishwa" cy'ubwonko bwacu . Ni nk'igishishwa cy'icunga, cyangwa igishishwa cy'igiti, kandi kizenguruka ubwonko. Ushobora kuba warigeze kubyumva byitwa " ibishishwa by'umukara " rimwe na rimwe. Impamvu ni uko iki gice kigizwe ahanini n'imibiri y'uturemangingo tw'imitsi . Iyo ibi bifatanye, bisa n'ibishishwa by'umukara gato. Niyo mpamvu byitwa "ibishishwa by'umukara."

Urabizi, iyi cortex yo mu bwonko si ubuso bworoshye. Irashwanyaguritse cyane kandi irarambuye . Imeze nk'ikibabi cyakanzwe kikajugunywa. Uzi impamvu ishwanyaguritse gutyo? Iyo ishwanyaguritse gutyo, ishobora gupakira ubuso bwinshi mu mwanya muto. Ni ukuvuga ko iyi kamere ishwanyaguritse ifasha gukora uturemangingo twinshi tw'imitsi n'imibanire mu mwanya muto uri mu gahanga k'ubwonko bwacu. Iyi "bark" ntabwo ari nini cyane, ni milimetero nke gusa. Ariko akazi ikora ni gatangaje!

Wibuke uburyo bwo kuvuga ibi: "ce-re-bral cor-tex".

Igice kinini cy'aka "gatsiko" gato ni ikihe?

Tekereza, watangazwa no kumenya ko cortex yo mu bwonko igenzura ibyo ukora byose umunsi wose. Ni nk'umuyobozi mukuru w'ubwonko bwacu . Iki gice gifite inshingano ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'ibikorwa byacu byo mu mutwe, ari byo gutekereza, kwiga, kwibuka, gukoresha ururimi, gufata ibyemezo no gukemura ibibazo.

Reka turebe zimwe mu nshingano z'ingenzi iyi bikora:

Gutekereza no gufata ibyemezo

Ni ibintu bingahe twese dutekerezaho kandi tugafata ibyemezo buri munsi? Kuva ku guhitamo icyo twambara mu gitondo kugeza ku gufata ibyemezo bikomeye mu buzima, cortex yo mu bwonko ifasha muri ibi byose.Ibi birimo ibintu nko gutegura, gutekereza mu mpande zitandukanye kugira ngo ukemure ikibazo, no gufata ibyemezo.

Tekereza, iyo ugiye kugura ikintu mu iduka, ureba buri kirango, ugereranya ibiciro, hanyuma ugahitamo cyiza kurusha ibindi. Mu bihe nk'ibyo, ubwonko bwawe bugufasha.

Ururimi n'itumanaho

Igitsina cy'ubwonko ni ingenzi mu gusobanukirwa ururimi dukoresha mu kuvugana n'abandi, mu kuvuga, kwandika no gusoma . Ubu ushobora gusoma no gusobanukirwa iyi nkuru, kandi ushobora kumva no gusubiza ibyo inshuti yawe ivuga kuri telefoni wifashishije iki gice.

Kwibuka no kwiga

Agace k'ubwonko gakora iyo twize ikintu gishya, iyo tucyibuka, kandi iyo twibuka ibintu bya kera. Iki ni cyo gice kibika amakuru mashya kandi kikayakuramo iyo bikenewe . Ni cyo gice kidufasha kwibuka ibyo twize mu ishuri no kumenya inzira z'akazi gashya.

Gusobanukirwa amarangamutima

Agace k'ubwonko gasesengura kandi gasobanukirwa amakuru tubona mu byumviro byacu bitanu - amaso, amatwi, izuru, ururimi, n'uruhu - (kubona, amajwi, impumuro, uburyohe, no gukoraho ). Iki ni cyo gice kigufasha kumenya ibara n'imiterere y'indabyo nziza, cyangwa kumva ifunguro riryoshye.

Kugenzura ingendo

Ingendo dukora tubyitondeye, nko kwimura amaguru yacu, kugenda, kwandika, no gutera umupira , zigenzurwa n'uduce twihariye twa cortex y'ubwonko.

Kwita ku bintu no kumenya ibintu neza

Iyi cortex yo mu bwonko ikora kandi mu bintu nko gukomeza kwibanda ku kintu runaka, kumenya abo turi bo, aho turi, n'ibirimo kuba hirya no hino (ubwenge) .

Ese cortex y'ubwonko igabanyijemo ibice?

Yego, cortex y'ubwonko ntabwo ari imwe. Igabanyijemo ibice bine by'ingenzi, cyangwa utwuma . Nk'uko hari ibyumba bitandukanye mu nzu, buri gice muri ibi gifite imirimo yacyo yihariye. Ariko ibi bice ntibikora byonyine, bikorana, nk'ikipe.

Reka turebe ibyo bice bine n'icyo bikubiyemo:

1. Agace k'imbere k'imbere

Aka ni agace kari imbere y'umutwe wacu, munsi y'agahanga . Aka ni ko gace kanini ka cortex y'ubwonko.

• Imirimo y'ingenzi: gutegura , gufata ibyemezo, gukemura ibibazo, kuvuga (agace ka Broca), kugenzura imyitwarire yacu, imico yacu, n'amarangamutima yacu , gutangiza ingendo ku bushake (igice cya moteri cortex giherereye hano).
• Urugero rworoshye: Urimo gutegura gahunda yo kwiga ikizamini, utangira umushinga mushya, urimo gutongana n'inshuti yawe kandi ugaragaza igitekerezo cyawe - ibi byose byoroherwa no kwishyira mu gahanga. Binagira ingaruka zikomeye ku myitwarire yacu n'uburyo twitwara muri sosiyete .

2. Ijisho ry'igihe gito

Iki gice kiri ku mpande zombi z'umutwe , hafi y'uduheri two mu matwi .

• Imirimo y'ingenzi: kumva, kumva ururimi (agace ka Wernicke), kwibuka, kumenya amasura, no gutunganya amarangamutima amwe n'amwe.
• Urugero rworoshye: Iyo wumvise indirimbo ukayishimira, iyo wumvise umuntu avuga akayumva, iyo umenye inshuti yawe ya kera ukimara kuyibona, iki ni cyo gice cy'umukunzi ukora.

3. Ijisho rya Parietal

Ibi biri inyuma y'agahanga, hejuru no inyuma y'umutwe .

• Imirimo y'ingenzi: Gutunganya ibyumviro nko gukoraho, ubushyuhe, ububabare, n'igitutu. Nanone, kumenya aho ibintu biri - ni ukuvuga gusobanukirwa aho uri n'aho ibice by'umubiri wawe biri. Bifitanye isano kandi no gusoma no kubara.
• Urugero rworoshye: Uzi aho ukuboko kwawe kuri ndetse no mu mwijima, cyangwa uzi uburyo ukeneye gufata igikombe cyane. Igice cyo ku ruhande gifasha mu bintu nk'ibyo.

4. Agace k'imbere k'ijisho

Iki ni igice kiri inyuma y'umutwe .

• Imirimo y'ingenzi: Gutunganya amakuru y'ishusho mbere na mbere - ni ukuvuga gusobanukirwa ibyo tubona n'amaso yacu (amabara, imiterere, ingendo).
• Urugero rworoshye: Iyo urebye ahantu heza, usoma igitabo, cyangwa ureba televiziyo, fossa y'inyuma y'umutwe niyo ifasha ubwonko gusobanura ibyo ubona.

Ibi bice bine birakorana kugira ngo bidufashe mu mibereho yacu ya buri munsi neza. Ntidushobora kubaho tudafite kimwe muri byo!

Bigenda bite iyo cortex y'ubwonko yangiritse?

Iyo igice cy’ubwonko, gikora akazi gakomeye nk’ako, cyangiritse mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose, gishobora guteza ibibazo bitandukanye. Ibibazo bivuka biterwa n’igice cyacyo cyangiritse n’urugero.

Urugero:

• Iyo agace k'imbere k'umubiri kangiritse, imico y'umuntu ishobora guhinduka, ashobora kugorwa no gufata ibyemezo, ashobora kunanirwa kugenzura amarangamutima ye, ndetse ashobora no kudashobora gutegura.
• Iyo igice cy'umubiri cyangiritse, kwibuka bishobora kwangirika, kwiga ibintu bishya bishobora kugorana, kandi kumva ururimi bishobora kugorana.
• Iyo agace k'imbere k'umubiri kangiritse, hashobora kubaho kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo kumva ibintu nko gukoraho no kubabara, urujijo mu buryo bwo kureba ahantu runaka (urugero: urujijo hagati y'iburyo n'ibumoso), ndetse no kugorwa no gusoma no kwandika.
• Iyo agace k'amaso kangiritse, ubumuga bwo kutabona neza, ndetse wenda no guhuma , bushobora kubaho.

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutera ubu bwoko bw'ibyago. Ibintu nk'imitsi yo mu bwonko, ibikomere byo mu mutwe, indwara zo mu bwonko, n'ibibyimba byo mu bwonko bishobora kwangiza cortex yo mu bwonko.

Ariko hari n'iki kintu, ubwonko bwacu bufite ingano runaka ya "plasticity." Ni ukuvuga ko iyo habayeho kwangirika, ibindi bice by'ubwonko bishobora gufata bimwe mu bikorwa by'igice cyangiritse. Ubu bushobozi buba bukomeye cyane cyane mu gihe umuntu akiri muto. Ariko, iyo habayeho kwangirika gukomeye, ingaruka zishobora kubaho burundu.

Kubwibyo, niba wowe cyangwa umuntu uzi afite gushidikanya cyangwa impinduka mu mikorere y'ubwonko, ni ngombwa cyane gushaka inama kwa muganga.

Ni gute twarinda iki "gikonoshwa" cy'agaciro k'ubwonko bwacu?

Tugomba kwita ku gice cy'ubwonko cyacu, gifite agaciro kanini kandi kikagira ingaruka kuri buri kintu cyose mu buzima bwacu. Hari ibintu bike byoroshye dushobora gukora kugira ngo ubwonko bwacu bukomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza:

• Indyo yuzuye: Kurya ibiryo bifite intungamubiri zikungahaye kuri vitamine n'imyunyungugu (nk'imboga, imbuto, ibinyamisogwe, imbuto z'ubunyobwa n'amafi) ni ingenzi cyane ku bwonko.
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri ihoraho: Imyitozo ngororamubiri ituma amaraso atembera neza mu bwonko, ibi bikaba bitanga ogisijeni n'intungamubiri ku turemangingo tw'ubwonko.
• Gusinzira bihagije: Ubwonko bwisana kandi bugabika kwibuka igihe dusinziriye. Kubwibyo, gusinzira neza amasaha 7-8 ni ngombwa.
• Komeza gukora ibintu mu mutwe: Ni byiza gukora ibintu bigerageza ubwonko bwawe. Urugero, kwiga ikintu gishya, gusoma ibitabo, gukemura ibibazo by'amayobera, cyangwa kwiga ururimi rushya.
• Irinde kunywa itabi no kunywa inzoga nyinshi: Ibi byangiza uturemangingo tw’ubwonko.
• Gucunga imihangayiko: Guhangayika cyane nabyo si byiza ku bwonko. Ibintu nko gutekereza cyane no gukora yoga bishobora gufasha kugabanya imihangayiko.
• Kwirinda ibikomere byo mu mutwe: Kwambara ingofero mu gihe utwaye igare cyangwa ukina siporo zimwe na zimwe bishobora kugufasha kwirinda ibikomere byo mu mutwe.

Dukurikije ibi bintu, dushobora gutuma ubwonko bwacu bwose bugumana ubuzima bwiza, ndetse n'ubwonko bwacu bwose.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Noneho rero, dore ibintu ugomba kwibuka mu byo twaganiriyeho uyu munsi:

• Igihimba cy'ubwonko ni cyo gice cy'inyuma cy'ubwonko bwacu gikora imirimo myinshi yo ku rwego rwo hejuru nko gutekereza, kwibuka no kwiga. Nanone cyitwa "ibice by'umukara."
• Igabanyijemo ibice bine.Igabanyijemo: Imbere, Iy'igihe gito, Iy'imbere, n'Iy'imbere. Buri kimwe gifite umurimo wacyo wihariye.
• Ibi bifitanye isano hafi ya byose, harimo ibitekerezo byacu, ururimi, kwibuka, ibyiyumvo byacu, n'ingendo zacu .
• Kwangirika kwa cortex y'ubwonko bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye, bityo rero ni ngombwa cyane kuyirinda.
• Gukurikiza imibereho myiza (ibiryo byiza, imyitozo ngororamubiri, gusinzira, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri) bishobora kurinda ubuzima bw'ubwonko bwacu.
• Niba ugize gushidikanya na gato ku mikorere y'ubwonko bwawe, ntutindiganye kujya kwa muganga.

Rero, ndizera ko wamenye ikintu cyoroshye kandi gisobanutse neza kuri iki gice gitangaje cy'umubiri wacu cyitwa Cerebral Cortex. Kumenya ibi bintu bitangaje biri mu mubiri wacu bizadufasha cyane mu kubirinda!

Ubwonko, Cortex yo mu bwonko, Cortex yo mu bwonko, Ibara ry'umukara, Imikorere y'ubwonko, Ibara ry'imbere, Ibara ry'umukara, Ibara ry'inyuma, Ibara ry'inyuma, Ubuzima bw'ubwonko