Icyo ugomba kumenya ku bijyanye n'ubumuga bwo kwiga: Ese umwana wawe afite iki kibazo?

Ese umwana wawe ahura n'ibibazo byo mu ishuri? Ese asa n'aho bigoye gusobanukirwa ibintu kurusha abandi bana? Cyangwa se utekereza ko afite ikibazo gito cy'inyuguti n'imibare? Hari igihe twebwe ababyeyi duhangayika iyo tubonye ibi bintu. Ariko ntimugahangayike , ibi si ukubura ubwenge. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri ubwo bwoko bw'ingorane zo kwiga, cyangwa mu buryo bw'ubuvuzi, 'Ubumuga bwo kwiga'.

Ubumuga bwo kwiga ni iki?

Mu magambo make, ubumuga bwo kwiga (LD) ni impinduka mu buryo ubwonko bwawe bukoresha amakuru. Ni nk'impinduka nto muri "software" ya mudasobwa. Dore ikintu gishya:

• Shaka amakuru
• Tegura amakuru
• Bika amakuru
• Sobanukirwa amakuru
• Koresha amakuru

Bishobora kugorana gato.

Ubu bumuga bushobora kugira ingaruka haba mu mvugo no mu bumenyi butari ubwo kuvuga. Akenshi bugira ingaruka ku gusoma, kwandika no mu mibare. Iyi ndwara ishobora kuva ku yoroshye kugeza ku ikomeye cyane.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kumenya hano ni uko ubumuga bwo kwiga butari ngombwa ko umwana aba afite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. Bitandukanye rwose n'ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. Abana bafite ubumuga bwo kwiga bashobora kuba bafite IQ (ubwenge buciriritse) cyangwa hejuru y'ikigereranyo. Bafite imbogamizi zihariye mu myigire.

Abantu benshi bashobora kumenya iyi ndwara bakiri bato mu ishuri, ariko hari abantu bayisangamo mu gihe cy'ubwangavu cyangwa mu myaka y'ubukure.

Ese hari itandukaniro riri hagati y'"ubumuga bwo kwiga" n'"ubumuga bwo kwiga"?

Ubu ushobora kuba wibaza niba 'Learning Disability' na 'Learning Disorder' ari amagambo abiri atandukanye cyangwa rimwe. Nubwo dukunze gukoresha aya magambo yombi mu buryo bumwe, hari itandukaniro rito mu bya tekiniki.

• Indwara yo mu mutwe: Iri ni ijambo rikoreshwa n'abaganga, cyane cyane abahanga mu by'imitekerereze, kugira ngo bamenye indwara hashingiwe ku bipimo byihariye. Ibi bivugwa neza mu mabwiriza yo gushyira mu byiciro indwara zo mu mutwe nka Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR).
• Ubumuga bwo kwiga: Iri ni ijambo ryemewe n'amategeko mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe (urugero, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, hakurikijwe Itegeko ry'Uburezi bw'Abantu bafite Ubumuga - IDEA). Ibi bivuze ko iyo umwana amenyekanye nk'uwo n'ishuri, uwo mwana aba afite uburenganzira ku bintu nka Gahunda y'Uburezi Bwite (IEP). Uburyo bushobora kuba butandukanye gato mu gihugu cyacu, ariko igitekerezo cy'ibanze ni uguha umwana ubufasha bwihariye akeneye.

Mu magambo make, "indwara" ni indwara iterwa n'ubuvuzi, mu gihe "ubumuga" ari ikintu gishobora kuba gifitanye isano n'uburezi n'amategeko. Ariko, mu mvugo ya buri munsi, byombi bikoreshwa kimwe.

Ni izihe ngorane zihariye zo mu myigire?

Dukurikije DSM-5-TR, "Specific Learning Disorder" ni indwara y’imitsi irangwa no kudakora neza mu buryo buhoraho nibura muri kimwe mu bice bitatu by’ingenzi:

• Gusoma
• Kwandika
• Imibare (Imibare)

Dore zimwe mu ndwara zikunze kugaragara mu myigire:

Kunanirwa gusoma - Ingorane zo gusoma

Tekereza, abana bamwe bigora gusoma inyuguti, amagambo arahindagurika, kandi inyuguti zisa n'izisimbuka. Bagorwa no kuvuga amagambo yoroshye, kumenya inyuguti, kuvuga imivugo, no gusoma amagambo mashya bonyine. Hari igihe inyuguti zisimburwa cyangwa zigasomwa mu buryo bunyuranye. Iyi ndwara twita dyslexia. Iyi ni yo ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu myigire. Ibi biterwa n'impinduka mu buryo ubwonko bukoresha amagambo yanditse.

Dysgraphia - Ingorane zo kwandika

Abana bamwe bagorwa no kwandika ibyo batekereza, nubwo baba barize neza. Ntibashobora kwandika neza, bagorwa no gufata ikaramu neza, akenshi bandika nabi amagambo, bandika buhoro cyane, kandi bakora amakosa mu kibonezamvugo. Ibi byitwa dysgraphia. Rimwe na rimwe, nubwo baba bafite ibitekerezo byinshi mu mutwe wabo, biragoye cyane kubyandika ku rupapuro.

Discalculia - Ingorane z'imibare

Hari abana bagorwa no gukora imibare no kubara. Bagorwa no kubara imibare, gukora imibare yoroshye mu mutwe, kwibuka imbonerahamwe y'ikuba, gutegura ibibazo by'imibare, kumenya igihe, no guhangana n'amafaranga. Iyi ndwara yitwa dyscalculia.

Ese twagombye no kwiga ku ndwara yo kwigira idashingiye ku magambo?

Ibintu bikorwa nta magambo akoreshejwe, ni ukuvuga:

• Gukemura ibibazo
• Gusobanukirwa ibintu nk'ibishushanyo n'intera (Imirimo igaragara n'aho umuntu aherereye)
• Gusobanukirwa isura n'imyitwarire y'abandi (Kumenya ibimenyetso by'imibanire)

Hari ubumuga bwo kwiga bugira ingaruka ku bintu nka: Ubu burwayi bwitwa indwara zo kwiga zitavuga. Nubwo zitarashyirwa mu cyiciro cy’indwara yihariye yo kwiga muri DSM-5-TR, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abantu bagera kuri 5% bafite ubwo burwayi bafite ubwo burwayi.

Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bintu nk'ibi:

• Ubuhanga mu mibanire n'abandi: Kugorwa no gusobanukirwa ururimi rukoreshwa (urugero: imvugo isanzwe), isura, n'imvugo y'umubiri mu gihe uganira n'abandi.
• Imikorere y'abayobozi: Kugorwa no gutegura, gushyira ibintu mu bikorwa no kugenzura amarangamutima.
• Kumenya aho ibintu biherereye n'aho biherereye: Ibi bishobora gutera ibibazo mu guhuza ibintu.
• Ubumenyi mu mibare: Kugorwa no gusobanukirwa cyane cyane ibitekerezo bigoye by'imibare.

Ubu bumuga bwo kwiga bukunze kugaragara gute?

Ubumuga bwo mu myigire bukunze kugaragara. Mu gihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abashakashatsi bavuga ko abantu bagera ku 10% bazaburwara mu buzima bwabo bwose. Ku isi yose, abana bagera kuri 5% bafite ubumuga bwo mu myigire.

Muri izi ndwara , indwara yo gusesengura ni yo ikunze kugaragara cyane. Hafi 80% by'ubumuga bwo kwiga bushyirwa mu cyiciro cya dyslexia.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ubumuga bwo kwiga? Ubimenya ute?

None se, twamenya dute niba ikintu nk'iki gihari? Ikimenyetso nyamukuru ni uko hari icyuho kinini hagati y'ubushobozi bw'umwana mu myigire n'ubuhanga agaragaza mu ishuri.

Ubumuga bukomeye cyane mu myigire bushobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso by'ubumuga bwo kwiga mu bwana. Ariko, ubumuga bwo kwiga buciriritse cyangwa buciriritse bushobora kutamenyekana n'ababyeyi n'abarimu kugeza umwana atangiye ishuri (nyuma y'imyaka 5) no mu gihe havutse ibibazo mu kazi k'ishuri. Ndetse no mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bikomeye, bushobora kutamenyekana neza kugeza umwana ageze ku ishuri.

Buri bwoko bw'ubumuga bwo kwiga bufite imiterere yabwo yihariye, ariko muri rusange, dore zimwe mu ngorane ushobora guhura nazo:

• Kugorwa no kumenya inyuguti, imibare, amabara, n'ibimenyetso by'imibare.
• Ingorane zo kubara.
• Ingorane mu kongera amagambo.
• Kugorwa no kuvuga ibintu nk'ubusizi.
• Kugorwa no kuvuga amagambo mu gihe usoma.
• Kugorwa no gutegura, gutangira no kurangiza inshingano.
• Kugorwa no gutegura no kuvuga icyo ushaka kuvuga mu mutwe wawe.
• Kudakora neza k'ubwonko igihe gito cyangwa kirekire.
• Kugorwa no gufata ikaramu neza.
• Kudashobora kwandika neza.
• Kugorwa no gusubiramo inkuru uko bikurikirana.
• Kugorwa no gukomeza kwibanda ku gikorwa kimwe.
• Kugorwa no gukurikiza amabwiriza.
• Ingorane mu guhuza umubiri.
• Kugorwa no gusobanukirwa ibitekerezo, gutegura amakuru yo gukemura ibibazo, no gusobanukirwa isi ibikikije.

Izi ni ingero nke gusa. Kuba umwana afite ibi bimenyetso ntibivuze ko afite ubumuga bwo kwiga. Inzobere ni yo yonyine ishobora kubikora. Umwana wawe ashobora kugira bimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, kimwe cyangwa bibiri. Birashoboka ko umwana wawe ashobora kuba afite ubwoko burenze bumwe bw'ubumuga bwo kwiga.

Ibimenyetso by'imyitwarire

Ubumuga bwo kwiga bushobora kugira ingaruka ku kwiyubaha k'umwana no ku myifatire ye ku ishuri. Bashobora kumva bababajwe no kuba atari beza nk'abandi bana. Imyitwarire nk'iyi ishobora no kuba ibimenyetso by'ubumuga bwo kwiga:

• Kudashaka kujya ku ishuri.
• Kudashaka gusoma mu ijwi riranguruye cyangwa gukora imibare imbere y'abandi bana.
• Kwinubira abarimu, kubashinja iyo amanota yabo agabanutse.
• Kudashaka kwereka ababyeyi imirimo y'ishuri.
• Kwirinda inshingano.
• Gukina filime, haba ku ishuri cyangwa mu mibanire.
• Ako kanya ndarakara, ndarwana.
• Kuvuga ibintu byo kwinenga nko kuvuga ngo "Ndi umuswa," "Ntacyo nshobora gukora."

Niba umwana wawe afite ibibazo nk'ibi, ni ngombwa cyane kumuganiriza no gushaka ubufasha.

Kuki ubwo bumuga bwo kwiga bubaho?

Abashakashatsi baracyari kwiga byinshi ku ubumuga bwo kwiga n'impamvu zabwo. Ubu bivugwa ko buterwa n'uruvange rw'ibintu bigize imiterere y'umubiri n'ibidukikije . Wibuke ko ubumuga bwo kwiga buterwa n'ibibazo by'umubiri byo kumva, nko kutabona neza cyangwa kutumva.

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ibintu bikurikira bishobora gutera ubumuga bwo kwiga:

• Kugira umuntu wo mu muryango (umuryango w’umuntu uvukamo) ufite ubumuga bwo kwiga.
• Kubyara igihe kitageze.
• Kuba umubyeyi anywa inzoga cyangwa ibindi biyobyabwenge mu gihe cyo kubyara.
• Kugira ibibazo byo kudatera imbere kw'imvugo n'ururimi.
• Imirire mibi.
• Guhura n'uburozi bukomoka ku bidukikije nk'uburozi bw'isasu.
• Ibintu bibi byabaye mu bwana (ACEs).
• Ibikomere byo mu bwonko bikomeretsa (TBI)

Akenshi, ubumuga bwo kwiga bushobora kugaragara hamwe n'izindi ndwara. Urugero:

• Indwara yo kudakora neza/guhangayika cyane (ADHD)
• Guhangayika
• Indwara ya Bipolar
• Ihungabana
• Indwara yo kudakora ibintu ku bushake (OCD)
• Indwara yo kudashaka guhangana n'abandi (ODD)

Ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bwerekana ko hagati ya 20% na 70% by'abana bafite indwara zo mu mutwe nabo bafite ubumuga bwo kwiga.

Niba ubona ko umwana wawe afite ubumuga bwo kwiga, ushobora gusaba isuzumabumenyi ryemewe binyuze mu ishuri rye. Muri rusange, niba amashuri akeka ko umwana (uri hagati y'imyaka 3 na 21) afite ubumuga bwo kwiga, agomba gusuzumwa.

Wamenya ute neza niba ufite ubumuga bwo kwiga?

Ababyeyi n'abarimu akenshi ni bo ba mbere bakeka ko umwana afite ikibazo cyo kutamenya neza iyo atangiye ishuri. Kugira ngo umwana amenye neza niba afite iki kibazo, hakenewe isuzuma n'ibizamini byihariye. Umuganga w'abana w'umwana wawe n'umuganga w'imitekerereze y'abana ku ishuri cyangwa inzobere mu by'imitekerereze y'abana bazagira uruhare muri iki gikorwa.

Wibuke ko ikibazo cyo kwiga gipimwa n'umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze y'abantu. Ishuri ry'umwana wawe rishobora gusuzuma ikibazo cyo kwiga, rigakora isuzuma, kandi rigategura gahunda y'uburezi. Uburyo bwo gusuzuma indwara yo mu mutwe butandukanye gato n'uburyo bwo gusuzuma indwara y'imitekerereze bwemewe n'amategeko (urugero, IDEA) muri leta zimwe na zimwe. Ariko byose bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:

• Ibyagaragaye
• Ibiganiro
• Isuzumabumenyi
• Amateka y'ubuvuzi n'umuryango
• Raporo z'ishuri

Muri iki gikorwa, uzakenera gukorana bya hafi n'inzobere mu by'uburezi n'ishuri ry'umwana wawe.

Ibizamini by'ubumuga bwo kwiga

Ubwoko butandukanye bw'isuzumabumenyi (buri kimwe gifite ibizamini bitandukanye) bikoreshwa mu kumenya ubumuga bwo kwiga ni:

• Isuzumabumenyi ry’ubuvuzi: Ubwa mbere, umuganga w’abana w’umwana wawe azagukorera isuzuma ry’umubiri n’isuzuma ry’imitsi kugira ngo amenye niba hari impamvu y’uburwayi itera ibibazo byo kwiga k’umwana wawe. Bashobora kandi gutumiza ibizamini by’amaraso no gupima.
• Isuzumabumenyi n'isuzumabumenyi: Abarimu b'umwana bareba imyitwarire y'umwana mu ishuri kandi bagasuzuma ubuhanga bwe mu masomo. Bapima kandi bagatanga raporo ku bumenyi bw'umwana mu gusoma, kwandika no mu mibare bitewe n'imyaka ye.
• Isuzumabumenyi: Ibi bikunze kuba birimo isuzuma ry’ubwenge mu magambo no mu magambo (IQ). Ibi bikorwa n’umuhanga mu by’imitekerereze y’abantu mu ishuri cyangwa inzobere mu by’imitekerereze y’abana. Bishobora kandi kureba uburyo umwana akunda bwo gutunganya amakuru (urugero: mu buryo bwo kureba cyangwa kumva).
• Isuzumabumenyi ry’imitekerereze: Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya ibibazo bya ADHD, indwara yo kudakunda guhangana n’ibibazo, guhangayika, kwiheba, no kwiyubaha. Ibi bikunze kubaho no kugira ubumuga bwo kwiga, ariko ni ibintu bitandukanye. Inzobere mu by’imitekerereze y’abana izasuzuma uko umwana abona ishuri, uko ashishikajwe no kwiga, imibanire na bagenzi be, ndetse no kwiyubaha.
• Isuzumabumenyi bw'imitsi n'ubwonko: Iki kizamini kireba uburyo imiterere imwe n'imwe mu bwonko igira ingaruka ku myitwarire y'umwana n'ubushobozi bwe bwo gutekereza (uburyo umwana akoresha ubwonko). Ibi bikorwa n'inzobere mu by'imitsi n'ubwonko. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane ku bana bafite ibyangiritse cyangwa indwara ku mitsi yo hagati, kuko bishobora kugaragaza ibice by'ubwonko bwabo bifitanye isano n'imbaraga zo kwiga n'intege nke.

Nigute wafasha umwana ufite ubumuga bwo kwiga? Wabucunga ute?

Abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kwiga bakeneye ubufasha butandukanye cyangwa ubundi kugira ngo bige. Ubu bufasha - cyangwa uburyo bwo kubucunga - buratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ubumuga bwo kwiga n'uburemere bwabwo. Wowe n'umwana wawe muzakenera gukorana n'abahanga benshi kugira ngo mubashe kubona gahunda nziza yo kwiga. Iri tsinda rishobora kuba rigizwe na:

• Abarimu
• Inzobere mu kuvura indwara z'uburezi
• Abahanga mu by'imitekerereze y'abantu
• Serivisi z'uburezi bwihariye
• Abatanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi nk'abavuzi b'akazi n'abavuzi b'umubiri.

Muri rusange, ibikorwa by’uburezi biri muri ibi byiciro:

• Amacumbi: Umwana abona integanyanyigisho imwe y'ibanze, ariko afite izindi nkunga cyangwa izindi zimufasha, nk'ibitabo binini byacapwe, nta guhindura ibikubiye mu burezi.
• Guhindura: Ishuri ry'umwana rihindura intego n'intego z'umwana kandi rigatanga serivisi zo kugabanya ingaruka z'ubumuga bwo kwiga. Urugero, kwemerera umwana gusubiza ikizamini mu magambo aho kucyandika.
• Gukemura ibibazo: Ishuri ry'umwana ritanga uburyo bwihariye bwo kugabanya ubukana bw'ubumuga bwo kwiga.

Niba umwana wawe yujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo ahabwe serivisi z’uburezi bwihariye, azahabwa Gahunda y’Uburezi Bwite (IEP) . (Nubwo bitavugwa gutyo mu gihugu cyacu, gahunda nk’izo zihariye zishobora kuba zihari.) Iyi gahunda y’uburezi bw’umwihariko:

• Intego z'uburezi bw'umwana ziragaragara.
• Igaragaza serivisi umwana azahabwa.
• Agaragaza urutonde rw'inzobere zikorana n'umwana.

Nubwo hari abana bakeneye inyigisho zihariye mu gice kimwe gusa, bakomeza kujya mu masomo asanzwe. Abandi bana bashobora gukenera gahunda zitandukanye kandi zikomeye z’uburezi. Nk’uko amategeko abiteganya (mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe), abana bafite ubumuga bwo kwiga bagomba kwitabira amasomo hamwe na bagenzi babo badafite ubwo bumuga uko bishoboka kose.

Bishobora gufata igihe kugira ngo ubone ingamba nziza ku mwana wawe, ariko ibuka ko imbaraga ushyira mu gufasha umwana wawe ari nziza cyane.

Ni iki nakwitega mu gihe umwana wanjye afite ubumuga bwo kwiga?

Nubwo abana "batarenga" ubumuga bwo kwiga, bashobora kwiga kubumenyera no guteza imbere ubumenyi bwabo. Abana bamenyekanye hakiri kare bagahabwa ubufasha hakiri kare bashobora gukomeza kwibona neza no gutsinda imbogamizi.

Bashobora kandi guteza imbere imbaraga zabo bwite ziterwa n'ubumuga bwo kwiga. Urugero, abantu bafite ikibazo cyo gusesengura bakunze guhanga udushya cyane. Abana bafite ubumuga bwo kwiga bashobora kuba abantu bakuru bakora neza kandi batsinda.

Ese ubumuga bwo kwiga bushobora kugira ingorane?

Niba umwana wawe afite ubumuga bwo kwiga, ashobora kuba afite ibibazo byo kwigirira icyizere cyangwa akumva ko atari umunyabwenge. Nanone aba afite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara zo mu mutwe nko guhangayika cyangwa kwiheba.

Ubufasha bwiza buturuka ku babyeyi, abarimu n'inshuti bushobora gufasha umwana gutsinda izi mbogamizi. Ariko, ntugatinye gushaka ubufasha ku mujyanama w'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe .

Ubumuga bwo kwiga bumara igihe kingana iki?

Ubumuga bwo kwiga ni ubuzima bwose. Ibi bivuze ko abantu bakuru nabo bashobora kugira ubumuga bwo kwiga. Abana ni bo ba mbere babusanganywe, ariko hari abantu batamenya ko bafite ubumuga bwo kwiga kugeza bamaze gukura.

Ese ubumuga bwo kwiga bushobora kwirindwa?

Ubumuga bwo mu myigire ntibushobora kwirindwa, ariko akenshi bushobora gukemurwa hakoreshejwe ingamba zitandukanye. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane iyo umwana wawe ahawe ubufasha hakiri kare. Ugomba gukora ibi bikurikira:

• Niba ubonye ibimenyetso by'ubumuga bwo kwiga hakiri kare, vugana n'umuganga.
• Korana n'ishuri ry'umwana wawe kugira ngo ufashe gutegura Gahunda y'Uburezi Bwite (IEP).

Nakora iki kugira ngo mfashe umwana wanjye?

Ni ngombwa kumenya neza ko umwana wawe abona ubufasha ku nzitizi afite mu myigire. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo:

• Genzura iterambere ry'umwana wawe kugira ngo urebe niba IEP ye irimo gutera imbere bihagije mu iterambere rye ry'ubumenyi. Bwira abayobozi b'ishuri niba ubona IEP ye idafasha.
• Shyiraho itumanaho ryiza hagati y'inzobere zo hanze, abakozi b'ishuri, n'umuganga w'abana w'umwana.
• Shyiraho umwuka wo gushyigikirwa no gushyigikirwa mu rugo.
• Niba umwana wawe afite ibibazo bitewe n'ubumuga bwo kwiga cyangwa afite ibibazo by'imyitwarire , mujyane kwa muganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe .
• Witeho nawe ubwawe. Kugerageza kwita ku mwana wawe bishobora kugorana. Wite ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe kandi usabe inkunga ku bakunzi bawe.

Urashaka icyagirira umwana wawe akamaro. Rero, biragoye kumubona ahanganye n'ibibazo mu ishuri. Wibuke ko ubumuga bwo kwiga bukunze kubaho - kandi hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gufata ingamba bujyanye n'ibyo umwana wawe akeneye byihariye. Ishuri ry'umwana wawe, inzobere mu by'imitekerereze y'abantu, n'umuganga w'ubuzima bazaba bari kumwe nawe muri buri ntambwe.

Incamake n'ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Reka turebere hamwe bimwe mu bintu twavuze ku bijyanye n'ubumuga bwo kwiga:

• Ibi si ukubura ubwenge: ubumuga bwo kwiga ni impinduka gusa mu buryo ubwonko bukoresha amakuru.
• Ibintu bisanzwe: Abana benshi bashobora kugira ingorane nk'izi. Ntabwo uri wenyine.
• Kumenya hakiri kare ni ingenzi: Niba ubonye impinduka mu myigire y'umwana wawe, shaka ubufasha bw'inzobere vuba.
• Uburyo bwo gucungwa: Iyo abana bafashijwe neza, bashobora gutsinda ibi bibazo kandi bakabyitwaramo neza.
• Inkunga yawe ni ingenzi: Gufata umwana wawe mu rukundo, mu kumushyigikira no kwihangana ni ingirakamaro cyane ku kwigirira icyizere.
• Hakenewe ubufasha bw'inzobere: abaganga b'abana, inzobere mu by'imitekerereze n'uburezi bazabigufashamo.

Ubumuga bwo kwiga ni ikintu gihindura urugendo rw'umwana gato. Twese dufatanye kugira ngo urwo rugendo rugire icyo rugeraho. Niba umwana wawe afite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ntutindiganye gushaka inama kwa muganga.

Ubumuga bwo kwiga, Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Dyscalculia, Ingorane z'uburezi, Uburezi bw'abana, Imitekerereze y'abantu