Reka twige byinshi kuri lipoprotein, zigizwe n'ibinure na poroteyine.

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo ibinure biri mu mibiri yacu (byitwa ibinure iyo tuvuga) bigenda biva ahantu hamwe bijya ahandi? Lipoproteine ​​ni uduce twihariye dufasha muri ibi. Muri make, ni nk'imodoka nto zitwara ibintu nk'ibinure na cholesterol mu mibiri yacu zikabigeza aho bigomba kuba binyuze mu maraso. Binyura mu mitsi yacu y'amaraso. Lipoproteine ​​zimwe na zimwe ni nziza cyane ku mutima wacu, ariko zimwe zishobora guteza akaga gato. Reka tuvuge kuri izi lipoproteine ​​mu buryo bworoshye kandi butaziguye, kimwe n'ibindi byose.

Kolesteroli na triglyceride ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Mbere yuko tuvuga kuri lipoproteins, reka dusobanukirwe gato kuri aya magambo abiri: cholesterol na triglycerides. Yombi ni ibinure bisa n'ibinure biboneka mu maraso yacu. Ariko uburyo imibiri yacu ibikora kandi ikabikoresha biratandukanye gato.

• Kolesteroli: Akenshi, kolesteroli ikorerwa mu mwijima wacu. Nanone dukura kolesteroli muri bimwe mu biribwa turya, cyane cyane ibinure by'inyamaswa, inyama, amafi, n'ibikomoka ku mata. Iyi kolesteroli si mbi ku mibiri yacu gusa. Iyi kolesteroli ifasha mu gukora Vitamine D, n'imisemburo y'ingenzi nka estrogen, testosterone, na cortisol . Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo ni ingenzi mu gukora uturemangingo mu mitsi yacu.

• Triglycerides: Izi zikorwa n'umwijima n'amara mu buryo bw'igogora ryacu. Iyo turya ibiryo byinshi birimo ibinure kandi birimo karori nyinshi, umubiri wacu ukora triglycerides nyinshi. Triglycerides ziyongeraho zibikwa mu turemangingo tw'ibinure. Nyuma, iyo umubiri ukeneye ingufu, izi triglycerides zibikwa zirekurwa mu maraso.

Noneho ushobora kuba usobanukiwe icyo cholesterol na triglycerides ari byo n'akamaro kabyo ku mibiri yacu. Ariko, ikibazo ni uko iyo birengeje urugero.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa lipoproteins buriho?

Hari ubwoko butanu bw'ingenzi bwa lipoprotein mu mibiri yacu. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo.

• Lipoprotein ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDL): Iyi ni yo twita "cholesterol nziza." HDL ifasha gutwara cholesterol irenze umubiri ikayijyana mu mwijima, aho isohoka. Urugero ruri hejuru rwa HDL rugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'imitsi. Ni nk'inshuti kuri twe.

• Lipoproteine ​​y'ubucucike buke (LDL): Iyi ni yo twita "cholesterol mbi"Bitwa. Ubwiyongere bw'urugero rwa LDL byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara nk'indwara z'imitsi itera umutima, indwara z'umutima, no gucika kw'imitsi. LDL itwara cholesterol ikayishyira mu mitsi yacu. Iyo ishyizwe muri ubu buryo, iba nk'umwanda mu muyoboro, ikagabanya umwanya uri imbere mu mitsi ikanabuza amaraso gutembera. Ibi tubyita atherosclerosis .

• Lipoproteine ​​zo mu bwoko bwa "low density lipoproteins" (VLDL): Ubu ni ubundi bwoko bwa "cholesterol mbi." VLDL ahanini itwara triglycerides mu ngingo zacu. Inafasha mu gutwara cholesterol ku rugero runaka.

• Lipoproteine ​​zo mu bwoko bwa Intermediate-density (IDL): Izi zibaho nyuma yuko VLDL imaze gukuraho aside irike zimwe muri zo. Izi IDL zikurwaho n'umwijima cyangwa zigahindurwamo LDL.

• Chylomicrons: Izi ni zo ngirabuzimafatizo nini za lipoprotein. Zitwara kandi triglycerides.

Urabona, hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa lipoprotein, kandi bikora ibintu bitandukanye.

Lipoprotein (a) cyangwa LP (a) ni iki?

Iyi ni umwihariko gato. Lipoprotein (a) cyangwa LP (a) nayo ni ubwoko bumwe bwa LDL, "cholesterol mbi" twavuze. Ariko iyi ni umwihariko. Indi poroteyine yitwa apolipoprotein (a) cyangwa apo (a) izungurutse kuri iyi LDL. Iyi apo (a) ituma agace ka LDL "gafatana". Kubwibyo, iyi LP (a) ishobora kwinjizwa mu mitsi y'amaraso byoroshye, byongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo by'umutima n'imitsi. Kugira urugero rwinshi rwa LP (a) ni ikintu gikomeye gishobora gutera indwara ya atherosclerosis.

Nubwo imirire n'imibereho yacu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku zindi ntera za HDL na LDL, urugero rwa LP(a) rwacu ruterwa ahanini n'uturemangingo twacu. Hari abantu bafite urugero rwa LP(a) ruri hejuru bitewe n'impinduka mu miterere y'uturemangingo. Abantu nk'abo baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara z'umutima bakiri bato.

Igipimo cy'amaraso cya Lipid Panel ni iki?

Muganga wawe ashobora kuba yaragusabye "kumenya imiterere y'ibinure." Ni ko iki gipimo cy'amaraso cya lipide cyitwa. Gipima cholesterol yose mu maraso yawe. Gipima kandi urugero rwa HDL, LDL, na triglycerides, ndetse na cholesterol yose.

Iki ni ikizamini cyoroheje cyane cy'amaraso. Gifata iminota itarenze itanu. Ushobora kugikorera kwa muganga, muri laboratwari, cyangwa mu bitaro. Kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo byiza, ugomba kwiyiriza ubusa amasaha 8 kugeza kuri 12 mbere yo gupimwa amaraso.Ibyo bivuze ko utazarya cyangwa ngo unywe ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Ushobora kandi gusabwa guhagarika gufata imiti iyo ari yo yose ufata igihe runaka. Bityo rero, ugomba gukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga neza.

Lipoprotein (a) [LP(a)] ipimwa gute kandi ryari?

Ubusanzwe, si buri wese ugenzurwa urugero rwa LP(a). Gusa nibisabwa na muganga wawe by’umwihariko, ni bwo azagenzurwa urugero rwa LP(a) hamwe n’urutonde rw’ibinure.

Iki kizamini gikunze kwitabwaho gusa ku bantu bafite ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutera indwara z'umutima. Muri byo harimo:

• Niba warigeze kugira ibibazo by'umutima mbere.
• Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe, cyane cyane abo mu muryango wawe (ababyeyi, abavandimwe), warwaye indwara y'umutima akiri muto.
• Niba urugero rwawe rwa LDL ruri hejuru cyane.
• Niba ufite ibintu bishobora gutera hypercholesterolemia yo mu muryango , indwara y’uturemangingo itera urugero rwa LDL ruri hejuru.

Akamaro k'iki gipimo cy'amaraso akozwe mu mubiri ni akahe?

Kolesteroli nyinshi akenshi ntabwo itera ibimenyetso, bityo kwipimisha amaraso ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kumenya ibibazo bya kolesteroli bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima wawe no ku miyoboro y'amaraso.

Abaganga bakoresha iki gipimo cy'amaraso akozwe mu mubiri ku bintu nka:

• Gusuzuma: Ibi bishobora gukorwa mu gihe cyo gusuzuma kwa muganga buri mwaka. Ibi bishobora kugufasha kumenya niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'imitsi. Iyo umaze kumenya ko ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'imitsi, ushobora gufata ingamba zo kwirinda indwara zikomeye nk'indwara z'umutima n'imitsi yo mu bwonko.
• Gupima: Iki gipimo cy'amaraso ya cholesterol gifasha kandi gusuzuma indwara nka atherosclerosis .
• Gukurikirana: Ibi bisubizo bishobora kugufasha kumenya niba urugero rwa cholesterol yawe rurimo kwiyongera, ukeneye kuvurwa, cyangwa niba ukira neza iyo uvuwe.

Ibi bizamini bya lipoprotein bigomba gukorwa kangahe?

Ni ibisanzwe ko urugero rwa lipoprotein na cholesterol yose byiyongera uko umuntu akura. Uko ibyago byawe byiyongera, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gupimwa kenshi.

Ibi bikurikira muri rusange ni byo bigirwa inama mu gupima amaraso y'ibinure:

• Ku bagabo barengeje imyaka 35 n'abagore barengeje imyaka 45.
• Indwara ya atherosclerosis ikunze kugaragara ku bagabo bari hagati y'imyaka 20 na 35 no ku bagore bari hagati y'imyaka 20 na 45.
• Ku bana, ni byiza gukora iki kizamini rimwe hagati y’imyaka 9 na 11, hanyuma ukongera gukora hagati y’imyaka 17 na 21.

Ni izihe ngero nziza za lipoproteins?

Laboratwari zipima cholesterol na lipoprotein muri milligrams kuri desilita imwe (mg/dL). Uburyo buri laboratwari ikoresha bushobora gutandukana. Ibi bivuze ko ibisubizo bivuye mu maraso amwe bishobora gutandukana gato bitewe na laboratwari. Igihe cyose bishoboka, muganga wawe azashaka gukoresha laboratwari imwe kugira ngo arebe urugero rwawe.

Urugero rwiza rwa HDL, LDL, triglycerides, na cholesterol yose biratandukanye bitewe n'imyaka n'igitsina. Vugana na muganga wawe ku bipimo byiza bikubereye. Muri rusange, niba udafite izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera ibyago, izi ndangagaciro zifatwa nk'izifite akamaro:

• Kolesteroli yose hamwe: 100-199 mg/dL ku bafite imyaka irenga 21; 75-169 mg/dL ku bafite imyaka 20 no munsi yayo.
• HDL (cholesterol nziza): 45 mg/dL cyangwa irenga. (55 mg/dL cyangwa irenga ni byiza ku bagore, 45 mg/dL cyangwa irenga ku bagabo)
• LDL (cholesterol mbi): iri munsi ya 100 mg/dL.
• Triglycerides: Munsi ya 150 mg/dL.

Agakoresho k’imiti igabanya ubukana bw’ibinure ntigashobora gupima neza urugero rwa VLDL, kandi nta kizamini cyihariye cyabyo. Ahubwo, laboratwari zipima urugero rwa VLDL yawe zigabanya triglycerides zawe na eshanu. Urugero rwa VLDL rwiza rugomba kuba ruri munsi ya 30 mg / dL. Ariko, ubu buryo ntibuhora ari bwo bwiza iyo triglycerides zawe ziri hejuru cyane.

Ni iyihe gaciro gasanzwe ka lipoprotein (a) [LP(a)]?

Igipimo cya LP(a) kigaragara muri mg/dL cyangwa nanomoles kuri litiro (nmol/L). Igipimo kiri hejuru ya 50 mg/dL cyangwa 75 nmol/L gifatwa nk'aho kiri hejuru, kandi byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara nka atherosclerosis, indwara z'umutima, na stroke .

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera kwiyongera kwa cholesterol mbi (LDL)?

Abagore bamaze gucura n'abantu bakuru barengeje imyaka 40 bari mu kaga gakomeye ko kugira urugero rwa LDL rukabije. Ariko, n'abana bato bashobora kugira ibibazo bya cholesterol. Uko ugenda ukura, imikorere y'umubiri iragabanuka, kandi umwijima wawe ntubashe gukura cholesterol mbi mu mubiri wawe.

Ubwoko n'ubwoko nabyo bigira uruhare. Abanyamerika bo muri Aziya bafite amahirwe menshi yo kugira urugero rwa LDL ruri hejuru, mu gihe abazungu bafite amahirwe menshi yo kugira urugero rwa cholesterol yose ruri hejuru.

Izindi mpamvu zishobora kongera urugero rwa LDL zirimo:

• Indyo irimo karori nyinshi, ibinure byuzuye, na kolesteroli nyinshi. (Tugomba kandi gutekereza gato ku biribwa birimo ibinure n'ibikaranga turya.)
• Indwara nka diyabete n'indwara z'impyiko.
• Amateka y'umuryango w'umuntu ufite cholesterol nyinshi.
• Kunywa inzoga nyinshi no kunywa itabi.
• Imiti nka corticosteroids n'imiti imwe n'imwe ivura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso na virusi itera SIDA.
• Umubyibuho ukabije (Umubyibuho ukabije).

Ni gute wavura urugero ruri hejuru rwa LDL?

Abantu bafite urugero ruri hejuru rwa LDL, bikabashyira mu kaga ko kurwara indwara z'umutima no gucika imitsi, bakunze gukenera imiti igabanya cholesterol, nka statins, ezetimibe, na PCSK9 inhibitors . Ushobora kandi kunoza uru rugero uhindura imirire yawe n'imibereho yawe.

Ni iki wakora kugira ngo wongere urugero rwa lipoproteine?

Ushobora kugabanya cholesterol mbi (LDL) no kongera cholesterol nziza (HDL) yawe ukoresheje impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu mirire yawe n'imibereho yawe. Izi ntambwe zishobora gufasha:

• Gira imyitozo ngororamubiri nibura iminota 150 mu cyumweru (ni ukuvuga iminota 30 ku munsi). Ndetse no kugenda n'amaguru cyangwa gukora siporo ngufi ni byiza.
• Kurya indyo yuzuye umutima. Ibyo bivuze kurya ibiryo birimo ibinure bike bitari byiza, isukari yoroshye (karubohidrati), kandi birimo fibre nyinshi.
• Genzura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso na diyabete.
• Sinzira neza.
• Komeza kugira ibiro byiza. Niba ufite umubyibuho ukabije, kugabanya ibiro kuva kuri 5% kugeza kuri 10% by'ibiro by'umubiri wawe bishobora kongera urugero rwa cholesterol mu mubiri wawe.
• Shaka uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga imihangayiko.
• Gabanya kunywa inzoga.
• Saba ubufasha bwo kureka kunywa itabi (nikotine yongera urugero rwa LDL kandi ikagabanya urugero rwa HDL).

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo:

Sawa, twavuze byinshi kuri lipoprotein uyu munsi, si byo se? Mu magambo make, dore ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka:

• Poroteyine za liporoteyine ni nk'imodoka zitwara ibinure na kolesteroli mu mibiri yacu.
• HDL ni "cholesterol nziza," ifasha gukura cholesterol nyinshi mu mubiri.
• LDL ni "cholesterol mbi." Iyo yiyongera, ishobora kwirundanya mu mitsi y'amaraso igatera indwara z'umutima.
• LP(a) ni ubundi bwoko bwa cholesterol mbi "ifata", yongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima.
• Ibintu nk'imibereho yawe, imirire yawe, n'imyitozo ngororamubiri bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku rugero rwa lipoprotein yawe.
• Hari igihe imiti (nk'iyitwa "Statines") ishobora gukenerwa kugira ngo igabanye urugero rwa LDL na LP(a) kandi yongere urugero rwa HDL.
• Igikuru ni ugusuzuma amaraso buri gihe kugira ngo umenye neza ingano y'amaraso yawe kandi ukurikize amabwiriza ya muganga wawe.

Ndizera ko aya makuru agufasha kugira umutima wawe umeze neza!

lipoprotein , cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL, indwara z'umutima, lipid panel, atherosclerosis, LP(a), cholesterol