Ese hari ikibazo kiri mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi bw'umutima wawe? Reka tuvuge kuri Long QT Syndrome (LQTS).

Wigeze wumva ibyerekeye amashanyarazi y'umutima? Umutima wacu ukora nk'imashini nto. Ufite amashanyarazi, agenzura uko umutima utera. Hari igihe impinduka nto zishobora kubaho muri iyi mashini y'amashanyarazi. Imwe muri izo mpinduka yitwa Long QT Syndrome, cyangwa `(Long QT Syndrome - LQTS)`. Ntugahangayike, reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye.

Indi ndwara ya Long QT Syndrome ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Tekereza ko nyuma yo gutera k'umutima rimwe, bigusaba "kuruhuka" gato mbere yuko wongera gutera, nk'uko batiri yongera gusharijwa. Igihe bifata kugira ngo "uruhuke" cyangwa wongere gusharijwa kiba kirekire ugereranije n'ibisanzwe, ari nacyo twita long QT syndrome.

Niba warigeze gupimwa ECG, ari cyo kizamini kireba imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima, hari igice cyacyo cyitwa QT interval. Ibi bigaragaza igihe bifata kugira ngo icyumba cyo hasi cy'umutima wawe, cyitwa ventricles, gishire hanyuma kiruhuke, cyangwa "kigatanga umuriro" nk'uko nabivuze.

Imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima wacu ifashwa n'uduce duto tw'amashanyarazi twitwa `ions`. Ion nka sodium, calcium, potasiyumu, na chloride bigira uruhare muri ibi. Izi ion zinjira kandi zisohoka mu turemangingo tw'umutima binyuze mu miyoboro yihariye yitwa `ions`. Ubu, muri iyi `(Long QT Syndrome)`, haba hari ikibazo kuri izi ions, cyangwa hakaba hari ibura ryazo. Hanyuma umutima uratinda "kongera gusharija". Iyo igihe cya QT kimaze igihe kirekire, habaho ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara y'umutima yihuta cyane yitwa `Torsades de Pointes`, ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Ese hari ubwoko bwa Long QT Syndrome?

Yego, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi. Bumwe burandurwa , bivuze ko buhererekanwa binyuze mu ngirabuzimafatizo. Ubundi buboneka , bivuze ko buterwa n'ibindi bintu, nk'imiti imwe n'imwe.

Ubwoko bw'ivuka:

Ibi ahanini biterwa n'ubusembwa bw'uturemangingo mu 'miyoboro ya ion' navuze.

• Ibitagenda neza mu miyoboro ya Ion: Ubu ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane. Hari ubwoko butandukanye nka `LQT1, LQT2, LQT3, LQT4, LQT5`. Ubu bwoko bushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ubwoko bw'imiyoboro ya Ion. Ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima mu gihe kizaza bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'ubwoko.
• Jervell na Lange-Nielsen Syndrome: Muri iyi ndwara, ababyeyi bombi bashobora kugira gene idasanzwe, ariko bashobora kutagira ibimenyetso. Iyi ni indwara ikunze kubaho gake cyane. Kubera ko bidashoboka ko ababyeyi bombi bazayigira, buri mwana afite amahirwe angana na 25% yo kuyigira gene. Abantu bafite iyi syndrome bashobora kuvukana ubumuga bwo kutumva.
• Indwara ya Romano-Ward:Muri iki gihe, umwe mu babyeyi asanzwe afite ``Long QT Syndrome'' undi ntayigire. Buri mwana afite amahirwe ya 50% yo kubyara iyi gene idasanzwe. Muri iki gihe, kumva ni ibisanzwe.
• Indwara ya Timothy: Iyi ndwara nayo ni indwara idakunze kugaragara cyane. Ishobora kwibasira umutima gusa, ndetse n'izindi ngingo z'umubiri.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara gute?

Indwara ya Long QT Syndrome mu by’ukuri ni indwara idakunze kugaragara . Urugero, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bivugwa ko hafi umuntu umwe ku bantu 2.000 afite iyi ndwara.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Long QT Syndrome?

Ibi ni ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara:

• Kudasobanukirwa: Gutakaza ubwenge mu buryo butunguranye.
• Indwara zo mu mutwe: Hari abantu bashobora kugira indwara zo mu mutwe.
• Guhagarara k'umutima: Ibi ni bibi cyane.
• Urupfu rutunguranye:

Ibi bimenyetso bibaho iyo habayeho indwara y’umutima iteye ubwoba yitwa `Torsades de Pointes` navuze mbere. Muri iki gihe, umutima ntuba ushoboye gupompa amaraso neza. Iyo ubwonko budahawe amaraso ahagije, ibintu nko gucika intege no gucika intege bibaho. Iyo iyi ndwara ikomeje, urupfu rutunguranye rushobora kubaho. Ariko, iyo umutima usubiye ku murongo, ibimenyetso birahagarara.

Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara iyo:

• Mu gihe ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri (cyangwa nyuma y'iminota mike ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri).
• Mu gihe cyo gukangurwa cyane n'amarangamutima , cyane cyane iyo ugize ubwoba cyangwa utangaye mu buryo butunguranye.
• Mu gihe cyo gusinzira cyangwa iyo ukangutse mu buryo butunguranye .

Icy'ingenzi ni uko abantu bagera kuri 50% barwaye indwara ya Long QT Syndrome bashobora kutazigera bagaragaza ibimenyetso . Kandi, ku muntu umwe muri icumi, guhagarara k'umutima ni cyo kimenyetso cya mbere cy'iyi ndwara. Ibi bishobora kwica iyo bidavuwe vuba.

Ibimenyetso akenshi bitangira umuntu akuze . Iyo ufite ibimenyetso, bishobora kugaruka. Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara mbere y'imyaka 30. Ariko, hari abantu bashobora kugaragara bafite imyaka 50 no hejuru yayo.

Ni iki gitera indwara ya Long QT Syndrome?

Nkuko nabivuze mbere, ibi bishobora kuragwa n'ababyeyi bawe (bavukanye) cyangwa bikaboneka bitewe n'imiti imwe n'imwe . Mu ndwara ya Long QT Syndrome, hari ikibazo mu miterere y'uturemangingo tw'imiyoboro ya ion. Iyi miyoboro ya ion idasanzwe itera gutinda mu gihe cyo gukira kw'umutima wawe. Ibi bishobora gutera arrhythmia ishyira ubuzima bwawe mu kaga.

Imiti imwe ishobora gutera "Long QT Syndrome" ku bantu bafite imiterere runaka y'imiyoboro yabo ya ion. Bashobora no kutabimenya, ariko iyo bafashe iyo miti niho "Long QT" iba.

Imiti ishobora gutera indwara ya QT ifata igihe kirekire:

• Amwe mu mabwiriza yo kurwanya indwara z'umutima (Antiarrhythmics)
• Imwe mu miti igabanya ubukana bw'imitsi
• Imiti imwe n'imwe igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso (imiti ituma inkari zirushaho kwiyongera)
• Amwe mu ma antibiyotike
• Ibikoresho bibuza cyangwa birwanya serotonin receptor inhibitors
• Antagonists za Histamine

Izindi mpamvu zitera indwara ya QT ifata igihe kirekire:

• Amwe mu moko y'uburozi
• Anorexia nervosa (indwara yo mu mutwe ifitanye isano no kubura inzara)
• Amwe mu magambo ahinnye agira ati 'bradyarrhythmias' (umutima utera buhoro mu buryo budasanzwe)
• Ingano nke ya kalisiyumu, manyeziyumu, cyangwa potasiyumu mu mubiri
• Gukomereka k'imitsi yawe

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara iyi ndwara?

Abantu bakurikira bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara "Long QT Syndrome":

• Ku bana bavutse ari impumyi.
• Abana n'urubyiruko bafite amateka y'urupfu rutunguranye cyangwa gucika intege mu miryango yabo (syncope).
• Ku bantu bo mu muryango w'amaraso bafite ``Long QT Syndrome``.
• Ku bafite `indwara y'umutima` (indwara y'imitsi y'umutima) cyangwa indwara y'umutima bavukanye.
• Ku bafite electrolytes nkeya mu mubiri bitewe n'indi ndwara.
• Ku bafata imiti igira ingaruka ku miyoboro ya iyoni mu mutima.

Ese nanjye nkwiye gupimwa indwara ya Long QT Syndrome?

Indwara ya Long QT Syndrome ni indwara iterwa n’uturemangingo ishobora guhererekanywa kuva ku gisekuru kugera ku kindi. Niba umwe mu bavandimwe bawe bo mu cyiciro cya mbere (ababyeyi, abavandimwe, abana) afite Long QT Syndrome, ni byiza ko ukorerwa isuzuma ry’uturemangingo .

Bene wabo bose bo mu cyiciro cya mbere (abavandimwe, ababyeyi, n'abana) bagomba gupimwa ECG. Ni ngombwa kandi ko umuntu wese ufite amateka yo gucika intege mu muryango cyangwa gucika intege akorerwa iki kizamini.

Intambwe ya mbere ni ukumenyesha muganga wawe ko umuryango wawe ufite iyi ndwara. Birashoboka ko azakora ibizamini bikenewe kugira ngo apime umutima wawe. Niba ibyo bizamini byemeza ko ufite iyi ndwara, ugomba kureba inzobere mu ndwara z'umutima uzi neza indwara ya Long QT Syndrome.

Ni izihe ngorane ziterwa na Long QT Syndrome?

"Long QT Syndrome" ishobora gutera indwara yo kuruhuka mu buryo butunguranye yitwa "Torsades de Pointes".

Ni gute indwara ya Long QT Syndrome ipimwa?

Abaganga bashobora gusuzuma indwara ya Long QT Syndrome bakoresheje ikizamini cyoroshye cya ECG. Kugira ngo bamenye iyo ndwara, bapima igihe cya QT kuri ECG. Niba igihe cya QT cyawe kirenze milisegonda 450, ushobora kuba ufite Long QT Syndrome.

Muganga wawe azakubaza ibi bintu:

• Ese hari amateka y'umuryango warwaye "Long QT Syndrome"?
• Ese hari amateka y'umuryango wagize ikibazo cyo gucika intege, gucika intege, cyangwa guhagarara k'umutima mu buryo butari bwo?
• Ese wigeze ugira ikibazo cyo gucika intege, gucika intege, cyangwa guhagarara k'umutima, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'imyitozo ngororamubiri?

Ni ibihe bipimo bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma indwara ya Long QT Syndrome?

Uretse ECG, ibi bizamini bishobora no gukorwa:

• Gupima amaraso.
• Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo.
• Ikizamini cy'imihangayiko mu myitozo ngororamubiri.
• Igenzura ry'umutima wawe: Iri genzura imikorere y'umutima wawe mu gihe cy'iminsi myinshi.

Indwara ya Long QT Syndrome ivurwa ite?

Hari imiti, ibikoresho, cyangwa kubagwa bishobora gufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso no gukumira urupfu rutunguranye rwa Long QT Syndrome. Nubwo ubu buryo bwo kuvura budashobora gukiza burundu iyo ndwara, bushobora kukurinda imitsi idasanzwe y'umutima.

Imiti

Abantu benshi barwaye indwara ya Long QT Syndrome (ndetse n'abadafite ibimenyetso) bafata imiti igabanya igihe cy'ihindagurika ry'ikirere, nka nadolol. Indi miti ishobora kugabanya igihe cy'ihindagurika ry'ikirere cyangwa ikazamura urugero rw'amashanyarazi mu mubiri wawe. Muganga wawe azakubwira imiti ikubereye.

Ibikoresho

Bamwe mu barwayi bafite ``Long QT Syndrome'' bashobora gukenera ibikoresho nk'ibi:

• Iterateri rigabanya ububabare bw'umutima rishobora gushyirwa mu mubiri (ICD): Iterateri rigabanya ububabare bw'umutima rishobora gushyirwa mu mubiri (ICD) ku bantu bafite amateka yo guhagarara k'umutima cyangwa bagifite ibimenyetso nubwo bavurwa na beta-blocker. Iki gikoresho gipima indwara zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu mutima, kandi kigatera umutima guhungabana mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo hirindwe urupfu rutunguranye.
• Pacemaker: Iki gikoresho gifasha abantu bafite umutima utera buhoro cyane.

Kubaga

Bamwe mu barwayi barwaye indwara ya Long QT Syndrome bashobora gukenera gukorerwa Left Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation (LCSD) cyangwa kubagwa sympathectomy. Ubu ni uburyo budakunze kugaragara aho imitsi imwe n'imwe yo mu bwonko bwawe ikurwaho.

Ni izihe ngorane/ingaruka mbi zo kuvurwa?

Ingaruka mbi zishobora guterwa n'uburyo bwo kuvurwa.

• Umuti ubuza indwara ya Beta:
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi.
• Kuzungera.
• Umutwe .
• Umunaniro.
• ICD (Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator):
• Amakosa ku gikoresho.
• Ibihaha byacitse.
• Kuva amaraso.
• Indwara zandurira mu mubiri.
• Imashini ifasha mu gupanguza umutima:
• Ibihaha byacitse.
• Kuva amaraso.
• Indwara zandurira mu mubiri.
• Amakosa ku gikoresho.
• LCSD (Ubuvuzi bwo Kugabanya Imitsi y'Umutima mu Bumoso):
• Indwara ya Horner.
• Ibihaha byacitse.
• Kubira ibyuya mu maso cyangwa kubira ibyuya.

Ese indwara ya Long QT Syndrome ishobora kwirindwa?

Ntushobora kubikumira niba warazwe n'ababyeyi bawe. Ariko, ku batabivukana, ushobora kwirinda indwara zitera indwara ya QT (syndrome y'igihe kirekire) nyuma. Urugero, witondere imiti imwe n'imwe.

Bigenda bite iyo mfite indwara ya Long QT Syndrome?

Iyo ubuvuzi bukwiye , igipimo cy'impfu ku bantu barwaye "Long QT Syndrome" ni hafi 1%. Iyo batavuwe, ibintu biba bibi cyane. Abantu bagera kuri 21% bafite ibimenyetso batavuwe bapfa mu mwaka umwe nyuma yo gutangira kwandura indwara yo kwiheba.

Ariko ibuka ko abantu barwaye "Long QT Syndrome" bashobora kubaho ubuzima bwuzuye . Bashobora gutwita no kubyara abana.

Indwara ya Long QT Syndrome imara igihe kingana iki?

Indwara ya QT y’Umurage ni indwara ibaho ubuzima bwose. Ariko, ibimenyetso n’ibyago byo kugira ibibazo bishobora kugabanuka uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Nitwara nte?

Indwara ya Long QT Syndrome ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bintu byinshi mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Ugomba kugisha inama muganga wawe mbere yo gukora ibintu bimwe na bimwe.

Urusaku n'imihangayiko

Bamwe mu bantu barwaye indwara ya Long QT Syndrome bashobora kugerwaho n'urusaku rwinshi rutunguranye cyangwa stress yo mu byiyumvo. Nubwo udashobora kugenzura urusaku rwose n'imihangayiko ikukikije, ushobora kugerageza kubigabanya.

• Bwira inshuti zawe n'umuryango wawe ko atari byiza kugukangura mu buryo butunguranye.
• Aho gukoresha inzogera ivuza cyane icyarimwe, koresha inzogera ifite ijwi ryiza.
• Gabanya urusaku rw'ibintu bishobora kugutera ubwoba.

Imyitozo ngororamubiri

Amwe mu moko ya Long QT Syndrome ashobora guteza ibibazo mu myitozo ngororamubiri. Muganga wawe azakubwira imyitozo ikubereye, bitewe n'ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tudasanzwe ufite. Kubera ko imyitozo ngororamubiri ishobora gutera indwara zo mu mutwe zica, ugomba kuvugana na muganga wawe mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyo gukina imikino yo mu marushanwa. Niba uhisemo gukina imikino ngororamubiri, ushobora gukenera gufata ingamba zimwe na zimwe zo kwirinda.

Koga bishobora guteza akaga kuri bamwe mu bantu bafite ``Long QT Syndrome''. Iyo unaniwe uri koga, ushobora kurohama.

Imiti

Imiti myinshi ishobora kongera igihe cyo kuvura QT. Iyi miti ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bantu bafite ``Long QT Syndrome`` kurusha abatayifite. Niba ufite ``Long QT Syndrome``, ugomba gukora ibi bikurikira:

• Bwira abaganga bawe bose ko ufite "Long QT Syndrome".
• Vugana na muganga wawe mbere yo gufata umuti uwo ari wo wose wanditswe ku zindi ndwara.
• Irinde gufata imiti igurishwa ku giciro cya muganga (OTC) (usibye aspirine cyangwa parasetamol) utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe.

Niba ufite "Long QT Syndrome", ubu bwoko bw'imiti bushobora kukugiraho ingaruka:

• Antihistamines (imiti ivura allergies)
• Imiti igabanya kwiheba (imiti ivura kwiheba)
• Imiti ivura ibibazo byo mu mutwe
• Imiti ivura indwara z'umutima
• `Imiti igabanya ubukana`
• Indwara zirwanya fungane
• `Imiti irwanya virusi`
• Imiti ivura indwara zo mu mara
• Imiti igabanya ububabare
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso (diuretics) (imiti itera konka cyane)
• Imiti ivura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso
• Imiti ivura migraine
• Imiti igabanya cholesterol

Ni ryari ngomba kubonana na muganga wanjye?

Ugomba kujya kwa muganga igihe utangiye kugira ibimenyetso, ndetse nibura rimwe mu mwaka nyuma yaho. Umuganga w’amashanyarazi ni we mwiza kurusha abandi.

Niba umwana wawe afite "Long QT Syndrome", ugomba kujya kwa muganga wawe inshuro zirenze imwe mu mwaka kugira ngo umenye neza ko ahabwa imiti ikwiye ijyanye n'ibiro afite ubu.

Niba ufite igikoresho cyashyizweho, ugomba kujya kwa muganga rimwe mu mwaka kugira ngo urebe neza ko gikora neza.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bwihutirwa (ETU) ?

Umuntu ufite ikibazo cy'umutima uhagaze akeneye kwitabwaho byihutirwa . Umuntu uri hafi agomba gutangira CPR (gusubiza umutima mu buryo bwihuse) agahamagara 911 (cyangwa nimero y'ubutabazi bw'ibanze yo mu gace utuyemo).

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Ibibazo bimwe na bimwe ushobora kubaza muganga wawe:

• Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa "Long QT Syndrome" mfite?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwihariye bwo kuvura ungira inama?
• Ni kangahe nkeneye kukubona?
• Ni iyihe miti n'ibikorwa nkwiye kwirinda mu bwoko bwanjye bwihariye bwa "Long QT Syndrome"?

Amaherezo, ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Ni ibisanzwe kumva uhangayitse iyo umenye ko urwaye indwara y'umutima. Ariko kubaza muganga wawe ibibazo, byaba ngombwa, kuganira n'umujyanama bishobora kugufasha kumva umerewe neza. Ni ngombwa gukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe, gufata imiti yawe ku gihe, no kubahiriza gahunda zawe.

Bishobora kandi kuba ihumure kumenyesha umuryango wawe n'inshuti zawe ko urwaye indwara ya Long QT Syndrome. Iyo ugaragaje ibimenyetso mu gihe bari kumwe nawe, bashobora guhamagara ubufasha bwihutirwa. Ikiruta byose, niba bazi uburyo bwo gukora CPR, bishobora kugufasha kurokora ubuzima bwawe. Ntugahangayike, hamwe n'uburyo bwiza bwo kuyifata, nawe ushobora kubaho ubuzima bwiza.

` Long QT Syndrome, LQTS, indwara z'umutima, QT interval, umuvuduko w'umutima, arrhythmia, indwara za genetiki