Ese wigeze urwara ibicurane cyangwa grippe maze ukumva utubyimba duto ku ijosi cyangwa mu kwaha kwawe? Akenshi tubyita "amazi." Ese wigeze wibaza ibyo bimenyetso bisa n'ibicurane? Ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'imikorere itangaje mu mubiri wacu, ikora nk'ingabo z'igihugu cyacu. Uyu munsi, turaganira kuri Sisitemu ya Lymphatic, ikora umurimo mwiza mu mubiri wacu nta muntu uyibonye.
Mu magambo make, iyi sisitemu y'imitsi ni iki?
Sisitemu ya limfu ni urusobe rw’ingingo, imiyoboro, n’uturemangingo mu mibiri yacu. Nk’uko imibiri yacu ifite urusobe rw’imitsi y’amaraso, inshingano nyamukuru y’iyi sisitemu ni ugukusanya amazi adafite ibara kandi y’amazi yitwa "limfu" mu turemangingo tw’umubiri wacu tukayasubiza mu maraso.
Nanone, iki ni igice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu . Kimwe n'ishami ry'ubutasi mu gihugu cyacu, ubu buryo buturinda indwara zandura zinjira mu mubiri wacu, kandi bukanangiza uturemangingo bishaje cyangwa tudasanzwe umubiri wacu udakeneye.
Imirimo itatu y'ingenzi y'urusobe rw'amaraso mu mubiri
Reka turebe serivisi z'ingenzi umubiri wacu ubona muri ubu buryo bwiza.
| Imikorere y'ingenzi | Ibiba byoroshye. |
|---|---|
| Gukuraho amazi arenze urugero | Ikusanya amazi asigaye (sebum) yirundanya hagati y’ingirabuzima fatizo z’umubiri wacu, ikayungurura, ikawusukura, hanyuma ikawusubiza mu maraso. Kimwe n’imiyoboro y’amazi mabi yo mu mujyi, ikuraho imyanda idakenewe kandi ikayibungabunga. Niyo mpamvu imibiri yacu ikomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza idatuje. |
| Bifasha mu kwinjiza ibinure | Uduce tumwe na tumwe tw’ibinure tuba mu biribwa turya ni tunini cyane. Ntidushobora kwinjira mu maraso yacu. Sisitemu ya limfu ikusanya utwo duce tunini tw’ibinure mu mara ikatujyana mu maraso. |
| Kurinda umubiri abawutera | Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Ubu buryo bukora lymphocytes, ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera dukora nk'abasirikare bacu bashinzwe umutekano. Utu turemangingo dushaka kandi tukarimbura mikorobe nka bagiteri, virusi, n'ibihumyo byinjira mu mibiri yacu. |
Noneho reka turebe uko iyi sisitemu ikora.
Iki ni igikorwa gitangaje cyane. Tekereza kuri ubu buryo.
Buri munsi, litiro zigera kuri 20 z'igice cy'amazi cy'amaraso yacu, cyitwa plasma , ziyungururwa mu nkuta z'imitsi myiza cyane y'amaraso (capillaries) mu mibiri yacu. Ni nk'amazi ava mu ipamba. Iyi plasma isohoka ni yo itanga ogisijeni n'intungamubiri uturemangingo dukenera. Uturemangingo twinjiza iyi ntungamubiri hanyuma tugakuraho imyanda tudakeneye.
Noneho, dufashe iyi myanda yose, litiro zigera kuri 17 za plasma zisubira muri uwo muyoboro w'amaraso. Tekereza rero, litiro 20 zarasohotse, na litiro 17 zigasubiramo. Litiro 3 zisigaye ziri he?
Ni litiro 3 zisigaye aho sisitemu y'imitsi itangira akazi kayo. Iyi ngano y'amazi asigaye hagati y'uturemangingo twacu ikusanywa n'imiyoboro mito cyane ya lymphatic.
Nyuma y'iri kusanya, icyo kinyabutabire twita "lymph". Noneho iki kinyabutabire cy'imitsi, binyuze mu miyoboro mito, kijya mu miyoboro minini ya lymph. Ikinyabutabire cy'imitsi kinyura muri iyi miyoboro hanyuma kigahuza imiyoboro ibiri mikuru iri hejuru y'igituza cyacu. Iyi miyoboro imeze nk'aho yinjira mu muhanda munini. Kuva aho, iki kinyabutabire cy'imitsi kijya mu miyoboro minini y'amaraso yacu maze kigatangira kuzenguruka umubiri wose. Muri ubu buryo, iyi sisitemu ifasha mu kubungabunga uburinganire bw'ibinyabutabire mu mubiri wacu.
Ni izihe ngingo z'ingenzi n'ibice by'urusobe rw'amaraso (lymphatic system)?
Sisitemu y'imitsi si urugingo rumwe, ahubwo ni itsinda. Reka turebere hamwe abagize itsinda ry'ingenzi.
| Urugingo / igice | Akazi ikora |
|---|---|
| Umwobo w'amagufwa | Uduce tworoshye turi mu magufwa yacu manini, nk'ikibuno cyacu n'umugongo. Uru nirwo ruganda rukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, uturemangingo dutukura, na plaquettes. |
| Thymus | Ingirabuzimafatizo iherereye mu gituza, hejuru y'umutima. Aha niho ubwoko bwihariye bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera twitwa T-selile dukura neza. Izi ni nk'imbaraga zidasanzwe zirwanya mikorobe. |
| Utunyangingo tw'imitsi | Tubyita "utudomo." Utwo dudomo dusa n'ibishyimbo, nk'ahantu ho kugenzura. Uko amazi y'umuyoboro w'amaraso anyura muri two, ayungurura kandi agasukura mikorobe, uturemangingo twangiritse, ndetse n'uturemangingo twa kanseri. Hari utwo dudomo tugera kuri 600 mu mibiri yacu. |
| Umugongo | Urugingo runini cyane mu mikorere ya limfu. Ruherereye ibumoso bw'inda yacu, munsi y'imbavu zacu. Ruyungurura amaraso yacu. Rukuraho uturemangingo tw'amaraso dushaje kandi tudakora neza. |
| Amagufwa yo mu nda | Izi, ziri ku mpande zombi z'umuhogo wacu, zikora nk'umuyoboro wa mbere wo kwirinda mikorobe zinjira mu mubiri binyuze mu byo turya n'umwuka duhumeka. |
| Uduce twa MALT | Uru ni ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dufatana n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Tuboneka ahantu nko mu nzira z'ubuhumekero no mu mara. Akazi kabo ni ugushaka no gusenya mikorobe zinjiramo. |
Ni izihe ndwara zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imitsi?
Kimwe n'izindi nzira zose, sisitemu y'imitsi ishobora rimwe na rimwe kurwara indwara. Ni ngombwa cyane kubimenya. Ariko ntugatinye kubibona, icy'ingenzi ni ukubimenya.
- Lymphadenopathy: Iki ni "ikibyimba" twavuze mbere. Uduce twa lymph dushobora kubyimba bitewe n'ubwandu (kubabara mu muhogo, igikomere cy'uruhu) cyangwa kanseri. Ibi bivuze ko uturemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri turimo turi mu ntambara.
- Lymphedema: Ibi bibaho iyo amazi y'imitsi yikusanyirije ahantu hamwe bitewe no kuziba kw'imitsi y'imitsi. Iyi ndwara ishobora no kubaho nyuma yo gukuraho ibibyimba mu gihe cyo kubagwa kanseri. Akenshi, amaboko cyangwa amaguru birabyimba.
- Lymphoma: Kanseri ibaho iyo uturemangingo twitwa lymphocytes mu turemangingo tw’imitsi dukura mu buryo butunguranye. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw’ingenzi bw’iyi kanseri: Hodgkin’s lymphoma na non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma .
- Lymphangitis: Kwandura no kubyimba kw'imitsi y'amaraso.
- Filariasis y'imitsi: Indwara iterwa n'udukoko dushobora kwangiza imikorere y'urusobe rw'imitsi.
Hari izindi ndwara nyinshi nk'izi. Igikuru ni uko niba ufite kubyimba kudasanzwe mu mubiri wawe, uduheri tukamara ibyumweru byinshi, cyangwa wumva unaniwe nta mpamvu, ugomba kujya kwa muganga kugira ngo akugire inama.
None se, ni gute twakomeza kugira iyi gahunda y'agaciro imeze neza?
Hari ibintu bike byoroshye dushobora gukora kugira ngo ubu buryo bwiza bw'umutekano bukomeze kumera neza.
- Irinde imiti ihumanya: Imiti iboneka mu bintu nk'imiti yica udukoko n'imashini zisukura cyane ishobora kwirundanya mu mibiri yacu ikagabanya ubushobozi bwa sisitemu y'imitsi mu kuyungurura imyanda.
- Nywa amazi menshi: Ni ngombwa cyane kunywa amazi akenewe ku munsi. Ibi bizafasha amazi y'imitsi kugenda byoroshye mu mubiri wose, adafatiwe.
- Ubuzima bwiza: Kurya indyo yuzuye no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe bishobora gufasha sisitemu yawe ya limfu gukora neza. Iyo ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, kubyimba no kuruhuka kw'imitsi yawe bitera urujya n'uruza rw'amazi ya limfu.
Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, gana muganga.
Niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bikurikira, nyamuneka ubyitondere hanyuma uganire na muganga wawe.
- Umunaniro ukabije nta mpamvu.
- Utunyangingo tw’imitsi (lymph nodes) twabyimbye: Cyane cyane iyo tumaze ibyumweru byinshi tuhari, tubabara, cyangwa tugenda turushaho kwiyongera.
- Kubyimba nta mpamvu igaragara: Niba ufite kubyimba ku kuboko, ku kuguru, cyangwa ahandi hantu bikamara ibyumweru byinshi.
Iyo dutekereje ku mibiri yacu, dukunda gutekereza ku ngingo tubona n'amaso yacu, izo dukunze kuvugaho, nk'umutima, ubwonko n'impyiko. Ariko kandi ni ngombwa kumenya ibijyanye n'imitsi ikora ku mubiri, ikwirakwira mu mibiri yacu kandi ikaturinda bucece. Ni nk'imihanda minini y'umujyi, imihanda yo ku nkengero ikomeza isuku iyo mihanda, imiyoboro y'amazi ibuza imyanda kwinjira, n'imiyoboro y'amazi. Nk'uko umujyi udashobora gukora neza udafite iyo mitsi, ni ko n'imibiri yacu idashobora gukora neza idafite iyo mitsi.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Sisitemu y'imitsi ni urusobe rw'ingenzi cyane rusukura imyanda mu mubiri wacu kandi rukaturinda mikorobe.
- Utunyangingo tw’imitsi tubyimba akenshi ni ikimenyetso cy’uko sisitemu yawe y’imitsi iri kurwanya ubwandu. Akenshi tugenda tushira mu minsi mike.
- Ubu buryo bushobora kubungabungwa n'ibintu byoroshye nko kunywa amazi menshi, kurya indyo yuzuye no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
- Niba umaze igihe kirekire ubyimbye, ufite ibisebe, cyangwa umunaniro nta mpamvu igaragara, ntubyirengagize kandi shakisha inama kwa muganga.
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