Ibintu ukeneye kumenya kuri Marijuana yo kwa muganga!

Ushobora kuba warumvise ijambo 'Marijuana yo mu rwego rwo kuvura'. Bamwe bavuga ko ari nziza ku ndwara, abandi bakavuga ko ari mbi. Marijuana yo mu rwego rwo kuvura ni iki? Uyu munsi, turayivugaho mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Urumogi rwo kwa muganga ni iki?

Mu magambo make, 'marijuana yo kwa muganga' yerekeza ku ikoreshwa ry'urumogi mu gufasha mu gucunga ibimenyetso by'indwara zimwe na zimwe. Ibi bitandukanye rwose no gukoresha urumogi mu rwego rwo kwidagadura. Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge muri Amerika (DEA) gishyira urumogi mu cyiciro cya 'Schedule I'. Ibi bivuze ko nta nyungu zemewe mu buvuzi kandi rutera urumogi cyane. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abaganga ntibashobora 'kwandikira' urumogi mu buryo butaziguye. Ariko, mu bihugu/intara zimwe na zimwe aho byemewe n'amategeko, abaganga bashobora 'kwemeza' ko umuntu afite ikibazo cy'uburwayi n'ibimenyetso bishobora koroherwa n'urumogi.

Ariko, ndetse no mu nzego zemewe n'amategeko, si ibitaro byose n'abaganga bemeza urumogi rukoreshwa mu buvuzi. Impamvu nyamukuru ibitera ni uko hatarakorwa ubushakashatsi buhagije n'igeragezwa ry'ubuvuzi ku byiza by'urumogi mu buvuzi.

Ese koko hari imiti yemewe ikorwa mu rumogi?

Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Amerika (FDA) ntikiratanga icyemezo cyo gukoresha iki gihingwa cya cannabis mu ndwara iyo ari yo yose. Ariko, imiti myinshi ikozwe mu bintu byatunganyijwe bikomoka kuri marijuana (cyangwa "ibigereranyo") byemejwe na FDA.

Iyi ni imiti yemewe na FDA:

• Cannabidiol (izina rya Epidiolex®): Ibi bifasha gukumira no kugenzura indwara z'igicuri ku bantu bafite ubwoko bubiri bw'indwara z'igicuri budasanzwe, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome na Dravet syndrome . Uyu ni umuti utangwa na muganga. Utandukanye n'ibicuruzwa bya CBD ugura ku giciro cya muganga.
• Dronabinol (izina ry’ikirango Marinol®) na Nabilone (izina ry’ikirango Cesamet®): Iyi miti ifasha mu gukumira no kugenzura isesemi no kuruka biterwa na chemotherapy. Dronabinol ishobora gufasha mu kugenzura ubushake bwo kurya no kugabanya ibiro ku bantu banduye agakoko gatera SIDA cyangwa SIDA, no kugabanya ubwivumbure ku bantu bafite ikibazo cyo kwibagirwa cyane.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso urumogi rwo kwa muganga rukoreshwa?

Muri buri gihugu/intara zemeye gukoresha urumogi mu buvuzi, hari urutonde rw'indwara zihariye ('ibibazo byujuje ibisabwa') abaganga bashobora kwandikira urumogi mu buvuzi. Muri ibi bihe, abantu bakoresha urumogi mu buvuzi kugira ngo bafashe mu kuvura ibimenyetso. Ntabwo rukiza indwara mu buryo butaziguye.

Urugero, leta ya Ohio muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yemerera indwara zikurikira:

• SIDA cyangwa ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA
• "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)"
• Indwara ya Alzheimer
• Cachexia (gutakaza imitsi, hamwe n'ibinure bigabanuka cyangwa bitagabanuka)
• Kanseri
• "Indwara y'indwara itera ihungabana idakira (CTE)"
• `Indwara ya Crohn`
• Indwara y'igicuri cyangwa izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe
• 'Fibromyalgie'
• Glaucoma
• Hepatite C
• `Indwara ya Huntington`
• "Indwara y'umura ubyimbye (IBD)" na "Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)"
• `Multiple sclerosis (MS)`
• Ububabare budakira kandi bukomeye cyangwa ububabare budakira
• Indwara ya Parkinson
• "Indwara yo guhangayika nyuma y'ihungabana (PTSD)"
• ``Kubura amaraso mu turemangingo tw’umutsi``
• Kugorama kw'imitsi (`Spasticity`)
• Gukomereka cyangwa indwara yo mu mugongo
• Indwara ifata ubuzima
• "Indwara ya Tourette"
• Ihungabana ry'ubwonko (TBI)
• Urwara rw'ibisebe

Ariko ibuka ko izi ndwara zitandukanye bitewe n'igihugu n'intara. Ubushakashatsi buracyakomeje ku bijyanye n'ubushobozi bw'urumogi mu kuvura ibimenyetso bitandukanye. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kuganira na muganga wawe ku ngaruka n'inyungu zishobora guterwa no gukoresha urumogi mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi. Ugomba kandi kuganira ku ngaruka mbi zihuse n'iz'igihe kirekire, uburyo imiti ishobora gukoreshwa, n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura.

Ese urumogi rwo kwa muganga rufite umutekano mu gukoresha? Ibi biragoye gato, si byo se?

Igisubizo cy'iki kibazo mu by'ukuri kiragoye gato. Uko ibintu bimeze kose, abashakashatsi ntibashobora kuvuga neza. Abashakashatsi bize kandi basobanukiwe ingaruka z'ikinyabutabire kiri mu marijuana cyitwa `THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). Ariko, ntibirasobanuka neza impamvu abantu bakira `THC` mu buryo butandukanye n'ingaruka z'ibindi binyabutabire biri muri marijuana (`cannabinoids`).

Tekereza urimo gusoma igitabo, ariko hari amapaji abura. Nubwo ushobora gusubiza ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bijyanye n'ibiri muri icyo gitabo, ushobora kudashobora gusubiza ibibazo bimwe na bimwe, cyangwa ntushobore gutanga igisubizo cyuzuye. Ibintu bisa gato n'ibya marijuana ikoreshwa mu buvuzi.

Tekereza kuri izi ngingo mu gihe utekereza ku mutekano w'urumogi rukoreshwa mu buvuzi.

Kutagira uruhushya rwa FDA

Kugeza ubu, FDA ntabwo yemeje igurishwa ry'urumogi mu kuvura indwara iyo ari yo yose cyangwa ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose. Mu yandi magambo, ibicuruzwa bya cannabis bivura ntabwo byujuje ibisabwa FDA ikoresha mu kwemeza imiti. Iyo umuti wemejwe na FDA, bivuze:

• Amakuru yerekeye ingaruka z'uwo muti yasuzumwe n'Ikigo cya FDA gishinzwe gusuzuma no gukora ubushakashatsi ku miti (CDER).
• Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ku bakoresha uyu muti, inyungu ziruta ingaruka zizwi n'izitazwi ushobora guteza.

Gukoresha ibikomoka kuri urumogi bitaremejwe na FDA bishobora kugira ingaruka zitari ziteganijwe cyangwa zitari ziteganijwe, ndetse bishobora no guteza akaga gakomeye mu mutekano. Nanone, nubwo abantu bakoresheje ibi bicuruzwa mu buryo butandukanye bw'ubuvuzi, ntibigeze bakorerwa igeragezwa rikomeye ryo kwa muganga kugira ngo bemeze ko bifite umutekano kandi bifite akamaro.

Aho kwemezwa na FDA, buri leta muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ifite ibisabwa n'amategeko yayo agenga ikoreshwa ry'urumogi rukoreshwa mu buvuzi. Urugero, muri Ohio, Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi ya Ohio itanga uburenganzira bwo guhinga, gutunganya no gupima urumogi rukoreshwa mu buvuzi. Inama y'Ubucuruzi ya Leta ya Ohio itanga uburenganzira bwo gutanga urumogi rukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri iyo leta. Buri leta ifite ibisabwa bitandukanye ku bwiza n'umutekano w'ibi bicuruzwa iyo bikozwe kandi bigakwirakwizwa.

Ibibazo byo gushyira ibirango ku rutonde

Leta zifite kandi amategeko atandukanye ku bijyanye n'uburyo urumogi rukoreshwa mu buvuzi rushyirwaho ikirango. Leta nyinshi zifite amategeko asaba ingano ya `THC` na `CBD (cannabidiol)` mu bicuruzwa bigomba kwandikwa ku kirango. Ariko, zimwe muri leta zifite ibisabwa bitandukanye.

Byongeye kandi, ingano ya cannabinoid nka `THC` na `CBD` bivugwa ku birango by'ibicuruzwa rimwe na rimwe iba atari yo.

Nubwo ibirango by'ibicuruzwa bya marijuana byo kwa muganga bisa n'imiti yanditswe na muganga, si imiti yanditswe na muganga cyangwa yemejwe na FDA.

Ingaruka z'imiti

Abashakashatsi baracyari kwiga uburyo imiti iri muri urumogi igira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri wawe winjiza (`ihindura`) imiti imwe n'imwe. Urugero, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko gukoresha `CBD` na/cyangwa urumogi/`THC` bishobora kongera urugero rw'imiti ikurikira mu maraso yawe:

• Clobazam (umuti ugabanya ububabare bw'imitsi n'ubwoko bwa benzodiazepine)
• Warfarin (umuti ugabanya amaraso mu mubiri)
• `Diclofenac` (umuti ugabanya ububabare wo mu bwoko bwa NSAID)

Byongeye kandi, CBD ishobora kongera urugero rw'imiti imwe n'imwe igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe mu maraso. THC ishobora kugabanya urugero rw'umuti ugabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe witwa Risperidone mu bwonko.

Izi ni ingero nke gusa. Abashakashatsi baracyari kwiga ku bindi biyobyabwenge bishobora gutera. Kubera ko ikimera cya cannabis (Cannabis sativa) kirimo imiti irenga 500, biragoye kuvuga neza uburyo marijuana yo kwa muganga yagira ingaruka ku yindi miti ufata (imiti yanditswe na muganga cyangwa imiti igurishwa na muganga). Hari byinshi bitazwi.

Ni izihe ngaruka mbi zishobora guterwa no gukoresha urumogi rwo kwa muganga?

Ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwa cannabis, harimo n'urumogi rwo kwa muganga, ntirugira ingaruka kuri bose mu buryo bumwe. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'ibintu byinshi, urugero:

• Ingirabuzimafatizo zawe (`ingirabuzimafatizo`)
• imyaka yawe
• Igitsina cyawe
• Ingano y'urumogi rukoreshwa n' 'imbaraga' zarwo
• Uburyo unywa urumogi/THC (kunywa itabi, kuvanga umwuka cyangwa kunywa ibiyobyabwenge)
• Igihe umaze ukoresha urumogi n'inshuro urukoresha
• Waba ukoresha indi miti cyangwa ibindi bintu

Ingaruka uhura nazo ukoresheje marijuana yo kwa muganga zishobora kuba zitandukanye n'izo undi muntu ahura nazo. Ndetse n'umuntu umwe ashobora kugira ingaruka zitandukanye mu bihe bitandukanye iyo akoresha marijuana.

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ikoreshwa ry’urumogi rigira ingaruka zimwe na zimwe z’igihe gito n’igihe kirekire, ariko abashakashatsi baracyabyiga, cyane cyane ingaruka z’igihe kirekire.

Ingaruka zimwe na zimwe z'igihe gito ni izi:

• Ibyishimo n'impinduka mu byiyumvo
• Ingorane zo gutekereza no gukemura ibibazo
• Kwibagirwa nabi
• Kutamenya no kwitiranya ibintu
• Kuruhuka cyangwa gutuza
• Kuzungera
• Ibibazo bijyanye no guhuza ibikorwa
• Igihe cyo gusubiza cyagabanutse
• Umunwa wumye
• Isesemi
• Kurota ibintu bitagaragara
• Kwibeshya (kwizera cyane ikintu kitari ukuri - `Kwibeshya`)
• Ubwoba bwo mu mutwe - Ibi byago biba byinshi iyo ukoresha urumogi rufite imbaraga nyinshi (urugero ruri hejuru rwa THC).

None se koko hari inyungu zikomoka ku rumogi rwo kwa muganga?

Abahanga mu bya siyansi n'abaganga ntibashobora kuvuga neza ku byiza rusange bya marijuana yo kwa muganga. Ibi biterwa nuko nta bushakashatsi buhagije bwakozwe ku byiza by'ibi bicuruzwa mu buvuzi, cyane cyane ingaruka z'igihe kirekire. Byongeye kandi, marijuana igira ingaruka ku bantu batandukanye mu buryo butandukanye.

Nubwo abantu bavuga inyungu zimwe na zimwe ku giti cyabo, ibi byose bituma bigorana gufata imyanzuro ihamye.

Nubwo ijambo "ubuvuzi" riri muri iryo zina, nta makuru ahagije ahari yo kumenya niba inyungu zishobora guterwa n'urumogi rukoreshwa mu buvuzi ziruta ingaruka zishobora guterwa iyo rukoreshejwe mu kuvura indwara.

Ikintu cyiza wakora ni ugukora ubushakashatsi ku mategeko yo mu gace utuyemo no kuganira na muganga wawe ku ngaruka z'igihe gito n'igihe kirekire z'urumogi, ndetse no kumenya niba rukubereye.

Ni ikihe kintu cy'ingenzi cyane twifuza kujyana muri iyi nkuru?

Noneho, dukurikije ibyo twavuze ku marijuana ikoreshwa mu buvuzi, dore bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka:

• Marijuana yo kwa muganga si ikintu gikoreshwa mu kwidagadura. Ikoreshwa mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko mu bice bimwe na bimwe kugira ngo ifashe mu kugabanya ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe.
• Iki gihingwa cya cannabis nticyemerewe gukoreshwa n'ibigo nka FDA. Ariko hari imiti myinshi yemewe irimo imiti imwe n'imwe ikomoka kuri cannabis.
• Ubushakashatsi ku mutekano n'ubushobozi bw'urumogi mu buvuzi burakomeje, bityo biragoye kuvuga neza ingaruka n'ibyiza byarwo.
• Urumogi ntirugira ingaruka ku bantu bose kimwe. Ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho, kandi rushobora no kugira ingaruka ku yindi miti.
• Niba urimo gutekereza gukoresha urumogi rwo kwa muganga, menya neza ko uganira na muganga wawe ku mugaragaro kuri rwo. Nanone, menya amategeko yo mu gace utuyemo.

Wibuke ko kumenya amakuru ari cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu gihe ufata ibyemezo ku buzima bwawe. Niba ushidikanya, buri gihe shaka inama kwa muganga.

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