Ese wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mugira ikibazo cyo gukomeza kwibanda ku kintu kimwe? Ese muhora mutuje kandi mutagira ituze? Iyi ndwara yitwa Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, cyangwa ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), nk'uko abantu benshi babizi. Imwe mu miti y'ingenzi ikoreshwa mu kuvura iyi ndwara ni methylphenidate. Uyu munsi, turaganira kuri uyu muti, cyane cyane iyo urekurwa vuba ufatwa nimugoroba.
Methylphenidate ni iki?
Mu magambo make, uyu ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura ADHD. Mu buvuzi, uri mu cyiciro cy’ibitera imbaraga. Tekereza kuri ibi, hari imiti imwe n’imwe mu bwonko bwacu (neurotransmitters) ifasha mu bintu nko kwita ku bintu no kugenzura. Umuntu urwaye ADHD ashobora kugira ibikorwa bike muri ibyo. Rero, uyu muti ukora mu gukangura ibikorwa by’iyo miti, wongera ubushobozi bwo kwibanda ku kintu kimwe no kugenzura imyitwarire itunguranye kandi idatuje. Ubwoko bwihariye tuvuga muri iyi nkuru bwakozwe ku buryo iyo unyowe nimugoroba, ingaruka zawo zumva ijoro ryose kugeza mu gitondo gikurikiyeho.
Ibintu ugomba kubwira muganga wawe mbere yo gufata imiti
Mbere yo gutangira uyu muti, ni ngombwa cyane kuganiriza muganga wawe amateka yawe yose y’ubuzima. Ibi biterwa nuko indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutuma gukoresha uyu muti ugira ibyago. Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu wo mu muryango wawe afite imwe mu ndwara zavuzwe mu mbonerahamwe iri hepfo, menya neza ko wabibwiye muganga wawe.
| Indwara/ukuri | Kuki ugomba gutanga amakuru? |
|---|---|
| Indwara z'umutima, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, cyangwa amateka y'indwara z'umutima mu muryango | Uyu muti ushobora kongera umuvuduko w'amaraso n'umuvuduko w'umutima gato. |
| Indwara zo mu mutwe (guhangayika, kwiheba, indwara ya bipolar, ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura) | Kubera ko imiti ishobora rimwe na rimwe kongera ibimenyetso byo mu mutwe bisanzwe. |
| Indwara zo mu mutwe | Uyu muti rimwe na rimwe ushobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara y'igicuri. |
| Indwara ya Glaucoma | Kubera ko bishobora kongera umuvuduko w'amaso. |
| Indwara y'umwijima | Kubera ko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku gikorwa cyo gukura umuti mu mubiri. |
| Ibibazo byo gutembera kw'amaraso mu ntoki (urugero: indwara ya Raynaud) | Kubera ko ibi bimenyetso bishobora kwiyongera. |
| Indwara ya Tourette cyangwa indwara yo kunanirwa kw'imitsi | Kubera ko ibimenyetso by'ibi bibazo bishobora kwiyongera. |
| Niba utwite, ugerageza gutwita, cyangwa uri umubyeyi wonsa | Ugomba kuganira na muganga wawe ku kuntu umuti ushobora kugira ingaruka ku mwana wawe. |
| Allergie kuri uyu muti cyangwa ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose | Kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka z'ubwivumbure. |
Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo gukoresha umuti?
Nk'uko muganga abivuga, ni ingenzi cyane gufata igipimo gikwiye mu gihe gikwiye.
- Isaha: Ubu bwoko bw'imiti bukunze gufatwa nimugoroba cyangwa nijoro . Gerageza kuyifata icyarimwe buri munsi.
- Uko wafata: Mirira kapsule yose hamwe n'ikirahure cy'amazi. Ntukayimene, ntuyishenye cyangwa ngo uyihekenye. Kubikora bishobora gutuma umuti wose usohokera mu mubiri ako kanya, bishobora kongera ingaruka mbi.
- Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kumira:Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kumira kapsule, ushobora kuyifungura witonze, ugasiga ibinini bito imbere ku biryo byoroshye nka applesauce, hanyuma ukayimira ako kanya utabanje kuyihekenya . Ariko banza uganire na muganga wawe kuri ibi.
- Niba urengeje urugero rw'imiti: Niba ubona ko wafashe imiti myinshi kuruta uko bikwiye, jya mu Ishami rishinzwe Ubuvuzi bwihutirwa (ETU) riri hafi yawe cyangwa uhamagare Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Amakuru ku Burozi mu Bitaro by'Igihugu bya Colombo .
Icy'ingenzi kurushaho: Uyu muti wanditswe kuri wowe gusa. Ntuwusangire n'undi muntu uwo ari we wese ku mpamvu iyo ari yo yose. Ntemewe kandi ushobora kuba ufite akaga kuri uwo muntu.
Wakora iki niba wabuze dose y'umuti?
Niba wibagiwe gufata dose yawe ya nimugoroba, uyifate ukimara kwibuka uwo mugoroba. Ariko, niba ari umunsi ukurikiyeho wibuka, jya usimbuka dose yabuze hanyuma ufate dose yawe ikurikira ku gihe gisanzwe. Ntukigere ufata dose ebyiri icyarimwe kugira ngo wishyure dose yabuze.
Ibindi bintu bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri uyu muti
Imiti imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku miti ya methylphenidate kandi igatera ingaruka zitari ngombwa. Ni ngombwa kubwira muganga wawe imiti yose ufata (harimo na vitamine n'imiti y'ibimera).
- Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa MAOI: Kuyifata hamwe n'uyu muti ni bibi cyane. Ishobora gutera umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.
- Imiti y'umuvuduko w'amaraso: Uyu muti ushobora guhindura imikorere y'imiti y'umuvuduko w'amaraso.
- Imiti ivura igicuri: Ingufu z'iyi miti zishobora kugira ingaruka.
- Izindi miti zitera imbaraga: Kuyifata hamwe n'indi miti ya ADHD, imiti yo kugabanya ibiro, n'ibinyobwa birimo kafeyine bishobora gutera umuvuduko w'umutima no kubura amahoro.
- Imiti ibuza amaraso kuzura (urugero: Warfarin): Imikorere yayo ishobora guhinduka.
Ibintu ugomba kwitondera cyane cyane mu gihe ufata imiti
- Imikurire: Muganga azakurikirana uburebure n'ibiro by'umwana ufata uyu muti, kuko rimwe na rimwe imikurire ishobora kugira ingaruka nke bitewe no kubura ubushake bwo kurya.
- Gushaka kurya: Ni ibisanzwe ko umuntu abura ubushake bwo kurya iyo atangiye gufata imiti. Uburyo bumwe bwo kubikemura ni ukurya amafunguro mato inshuro nyinshi ku munsi aho kurya amafunguro menshi icyarimwe.
- Kwitaho no kwita ku bandi: Nubwo uyu muti ushobora kongera ubushobozi bwawe bwo kuba maso, ushobora no gutuma usinziriza. Kubwibyo, witondere cyane igihe utwaye imodoka, utwaye igare, cyangwa ukoresha imashini kugeza igihe umenye neza uko umuti ukugiraho ingaruka.
- Umuburo wihariye ku bagabo: Niba ugize ikibazo cyo guhagarara igihe kirekire cyangwa kibabaza cyane kikamara amasaha arenga 4, gishobora kuba ari ikibazo gikomeye. Shaka ubufasha bwihuse kwa muganga kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika burundu.
- Impinduka mu ntoki zawe: Niba ubonye ibisebe bidasanzwe, ibinya, ububabare, cyangwa kumva ubukonje mu ntoki cyangwa mu mano yawe, hamwe n'impinduka mu ibara (umweru, ubururu, umutuku) mu gihe ufata umuti, bwira muganga wawe.
Ingaruka mbi z'umuti
Kimwe n'indi miti yose, iyi ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi, ariko si buri wese uzibona.
| Ubwoko bw'ingaruka mbi | Ibiranga |
|---|---|
| Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi, hita ubonana na muganga. | |
| Ubushobozi bwo kugira ubwivumbure | Uruhu rushyushye, kuribwa, kubyimba mu maso/iminwa/ururimi, guhumeka bigoranye. |
| Impinduka mu gipimo cy'umutima | Umutima utera vuba cyangwa utari umeze neza, isereri, ububabare mu gituza. |
| Impinduka mu miterere y'imitekerereze | Kudatuza cyane, guhangayika, kubona/kumva ibintu bitariho, ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura, amarangamutima y'urwango. |
| Kurwara stroke ku bantu bakuru | Kubura imbaraga mu maso, ku kuboko, cyangwa ku kuguru, kugorwa no kuvuga, kugorwa no kugenda, kuribwa umutwe cyane. |
| Ibi ni ibimenyetso bisanzwe, ariko niba bikomeje, ugomba kubimenyesha muganga wawe. | |
| Ingaruka mbi nto | Kuribwa umutwe, kudasinzira neza, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, kugabanya ibiro, isesemi, kutabona neza. |
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Methylphenidate ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura ADHD. Yongera ubushobozi bwo kwita ku bintu no kugabanya umutuzo.
- Mbere yo gutangira uyu muti, bwira muganga wawe amakuru yose y'ubuzima bwawe (cyane cyane indwara z'umutima n'izo mu mutwe).
- Fata umuti neza neza nk'uko muganga wawe akubwira, mu gihe gikwiye. Ntuwumenagure, ntuwushenye cyangwa ngo uwuhekenye.
- Niba ugize ingaruka mbi zikomeye (kubabara mu gituza, guhumeka bigoranye, impinduka zikomeye mu mutwe), shaka ubufasha bwa muganga byihutirwa.
- Uyu muti ni uwawe gusa. Ntukawusangire n'undi muntu uwo ari we wese. Ubike ahantu hatekanye kure y'abana n'amatungo.
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