Ese uzi iyi ndwara iteje akaga y’ibihumyo? (Mucormycosis) Reka tuganire!

Wigeze wumva iby'iyi 'fungus y'umukara'? Wenda wabyumvise mu kinyamakuru cyangwa ku makuru ya televiziyo. Mu by'ukuri ni indwara iteye ubwoba kandi ishobora kuba ikomeye. Uyu munsi, reka tuvuge kuri iyi ndwara y'ibihumyo, izwi mu buvuzi nka Mucormycosis, mu magambo make.

Mucormycosis ni iki?

Mu magambo make, Mucormycosis ni indwara ikomeye cyane y’ibihumyo . Iterwa n’itsinda ry’ibihumyo byitwa mucormycetes. Ibi bihumyo bishobora gufata ibice byinshi bitandukanye by’umubiri wacu. Urugero, bishobora gufata amaso yawe, sinuses (ahantu ho mu gahanga no mu matama), ubwonko, ibihaha, igifu n’amara (inzira y’igifu), cyangwa uruhu.

Muri iki gihe, ibimenyetso biratandukanye bitewe n'igice cy'umubiri wawe cyagizweho ingaruka n'iyi ndwara. Rimwe na rimwe yitwa zygomycosis.

Tekereza noneho, izi fungi zitwa mucomycetes ziba mu bidukikije, cyane cyane mu butaka, ifumbire mvaruganda, mu myanda y'amababi abora, no mu biti bitose. Ariko igitangaje ni uko abenshi muri twe tudafatwa n'izi fungi. Ariko, abantu barwaye diyabete, ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri, cyangwa izindi ndwara zica intege ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara mucomycosis.

Igikomeye ni uko mucormycosis ari indwara ishobora kwica . Kubwibyo, niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, ugomba kujya kwa muganga byihutirwa cyangwa ugashaka inama z'abaganga.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa Mucormycosis?

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ingenzi bwa mucormycosis. Ubwo bwoko ni:

• Ubwoko bw'indwara zifata amazuru, amaso n'ubwonko (Rhino-orbital-cerebral cyangwa Rhinocerebral mucormycosis)
• Udukoko tw'ibihaha
• Udukoko tw’urukozasoni mu gace k’uruhu
• Ubwoko bw'indwara zifata igogora (Gastrointestinal mucormycosis)
• Indwara ya mucomycosis yakwirakwijwe

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iyi ndwara?

Ibimenyetso bya mucormycosis biterwa n'igice cy'umubiri wawe cyanduye. Ushobora kugira ibimenyetso mu mazuru yawe, mu bihaha, mu nzira y'igogora, hafi y'amaso yawe, cyangwa ku ruhu rwawe.

Ubwoko bw'indwara zifata amazuru, amaso n'ubwonko (Rhino-orbital-cerebral Mucormycosis)

Ubu ni bwo bwoko bwa mucormycosis bukunze kugaragara cyane . Muri iki gihe, iyi ndwara ibanza kwanduza sinuses zawe kandi ishobora gukwirakwira mu bwonko. Ikunze kugaragara cyane cyane ku bantu bafite diyabete ikomeye kandi idacunzwe (urugero, A1C irenga 8% nubwo bamaze igihe kirenga umwaka bavurwa) no ku bantu bakorewe izindi ngingo.

Ibimenyetso by'ubu bwoko ni ibi bikurikira:

• Umuriro
• Umutwe
• Ububabare bwo mu ruhu (ububabare mu gahanga, mu matama)
• Kuziba izuru
• Ibisebe cyangwa ibisebe ku gisenge cy'umunwa
• Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba cyangwa kureba kabiri
• Kugorwa no guhindukiza amaso no kumwenyura (ibi byitwa 'cranial nerve palsy')
• Amaso agaragara (proptosis)
• Kubyimba hirya no hino mu maso
• Amarira y'umukara cyangwa amashyira mu maso
• Urujijo cyangwa izindi mpinduka zo mu mutwe

Mucormycosis y'ibihaha

Iyi ndwara y’ibihumyo mu bihaha ni yo ya kabiri ikunze kugaragara cyane. Ikunze kugaragara cyane muri:

• Abantu barwaye kanseri iterwa n'amaraso (urugero: leukemia, lymphoma, cyangwa myeloma), cyane cyane abafite urugero ruto rw'uturemangingo tumwe na tumwe tw'amaraso (neutropenia)
• Ku bantu batewe umwongo w'amagufwa
• Ku bantu batewe ingingo zikomeye

Ibimenyetso by'ubu bwoko:

• Umuriro
• Kubabara mu gatuza
• Guhumeka bigoranye (dyspnea)
• Gukorora amaraso (hemoptysis)

Udukoko tw'ijisho (cutaneous mucosa)

Ubu bwoko bw'ubwandu bubaho iyo fungus yinjiye mu ruhu rwawe binyuze mu gukomereka cyangwa gushwanyagurika. Tekereza ko ufite igikomere gito kandi ikintu kimeze nk'umwanda kigera ku gikomere. Ibi bishobora gutuma iyi fungus yinjira. Igitangaje ni uko ubu bwoko bukunze kugaragara mu bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buzima.

Ibimenyetso by'uruhu:

• Udusebe, ibisebe, cyangwa uduheri dukomeye ku ruhu
• Gutukura, guhindura ibara ry'uruhu, cyangwa kubyimba

Izi mpinduka z'uruhu zirushaho kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita. Zihinduka umukara, zigakwirakwira ahantu hanini, rimwe na rimwe zishobora kugera no mu mitsi cyangwa amagufwa.

Ubwoko bw'indwara zifata igogora (Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis)

Iyi ni indwara yo mu gifu cyangwa mu mara. Ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bana bato batageze ku gihe. Ariko vuba aha, yariyongereye no mu bantu bakuru bafite ubudahangarwa buke bw'umubiri (neutropenia), abantu bafata imiti ya corticosteroid y'igihe kirekire, n'abantu bafite izindi ndwara zica intege ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Ibimenyetso:

• Kubabara mu gifu
• Isesemi no kuruka
• Kuva amaraso mu gifu

Mucormycosis yakwirakwijwe

Muri iki gihe, ubwandu bukwirakwira mu maraso bukagera mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri. Bukunze kwibasira ubwonko, ariko bushobora no kwibasira umutima, urwagashya, cyangwa uruhu. Ubu ni bwo bwoko bwa mucormycosis bukabije kandi bwica cyane. Bukunze kugaragara muri:

• Abantu bafite kanseri iterwa n'amaraso, cyane cyane abafite uburwayi bwo mu maraso
• Abantu batewe umwongo w'amagufwa
• Abantu batewe ingingo zikomeye

Kubera ko ubwo bwoko bw’indwara bufata ibice byinshi by’umubiri, ibimenyetso by’ubundi bwoko bwavuzwe haruguru nabyo bishobora kugaragara, ndetse n’ibimenyetso by’indwara iyo ari yo yose ishobora kuba ifite.

Kuki Mucormycosis ibaho?

Mucomycosis iterwa n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibihumyo. Ibikunze kugaragara cyane ni Rhizopus oryzae na Rhizopus delemar. (Utu ni ubwoko bwihariye bw'ibihumyo.) Ibi bihumyo biba mu bidukikije - cyane cyane mu butaka, ifumbire mvaruganda, amababi abora n'uduti tw'ibiti. Bishobora no kuboneka mu biribwa bitakarabye neza. Abenshi muri twe ntidufatwa n'indwara zo guhumeka cyangwa gukora kuri ibi bihumyo. Ariko niba ufite indwara zimwe na zimwe z'ubuzima, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bushobora kudashobora kurwanya ubwandu.

Ibi bitugeraho bite?

Ushobora kwandura mucormycose uhumeka utubuto (ibice by'imyororokere by'udusimba) tw'utwo dusimba, ukarya ikintu kidufite, cyangwa ukadukura mu ruhu. Utwo tubuto ni duto cyane ku buryo tudashobora kubibona cyangwa ngo tubyirinde.

Ni gake cyane, yandurira mu bitaro, binyuze mu bikoresho by’ubuvuzi byanduye, ndetse no nyuma y’ibiza. Urugero, inkubi y’umuyaga ikomeye ishobora gukurura ubutaka bwinshi ikarekura ibihumyo mu kirere.

Ese ibi byandurira umuntu ku wundi?

Oya. Mucormycosis ntabwo yandurira mu muntu umwe ijya ku wundi. Iyi mikorobe ushobora kuyikura mu bidukikije gusa.

Ni nde ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara mucormycosis?

Abantu barwaye diyabete n'izindi ndwara zimwe na zimwe zituma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugabanuka ni bo bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara iyi ndwara. Nanone, kugira icyuma gikabije mu mubiri bishobora gutera ibi. Ibintu bishobora gutera iyi ndwara birimo:

• Diyabete irwaye cyane cyane iyo umuntu afite indwara nka hyperglycemia na ketoacidosis.
• Kuba yaratewe urugingo rukomeye.
• Kuba warakorewe gusimbuza uturemangingo tw’amaraso (hematopoietic stem cells).
• Neutropenia ni ukugabanuka kw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru twitwa neutrophils.
• Kanseri, cyane cyane kanseri y'amaraso, kanseri y'amaraso cyangwa kanseri y'amaraso.
• Gukoresha imiti ya corticosteroid igihe kirekire.
• Gutera imiti iterwa n'inshinge nta nama za muganga.
• Indwara yitwa hemochromatosis (yongerera ingano y'icyuma mu mubiri - `ubwinshi bw'icyuma`).
• Gutwika cyangwa gukomereka bikomeye ku ruhu bituma umwanda n'udukoko byinjira mu gikomere.
• Kuvuka imburagihe cyangwa kugira ibiro bike.

Mu magambo make, niba ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe burwanya indwara (ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri) bufite intege nke, ushobora kubyibasira.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa n'iyi ndwara?

Mucormycosis ishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye kandi zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga, harimo:

• Udukoko two mu nsinus ya Cavernous: Iyi ni amaraso apfundika mu nsinus yawe. Ishobora kwica.
• Necrotizing fasciitis:Iyi ni indwara ikomeye kandi ikwirakwira vuba ya bagiteri (yitwa kandi "bagiteri zirya inyama"). Ishobora kwica.
• Osteomyelitis: Iyi ni indwara y'amagufwa yawe. Amagufwa ashobora kwangirika.

Izi ni indwara ziteje akaga cyane, niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kuvurwa vuba.

Ni gute wasuzuma iyi ndwara neza? (Isuzuma)

Muganga ashobora gukeka ko afite mucormycosis bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe n'izindi ndwara ufite. Kugira ngo abyemeze, azafata amafoto (imaging) y'ibice by'umubiri byangiritse maze asuzume ingingo z'umubiri wawe niba hari ibihumyo.

Ibizamini kuri ibi:

• Gufata amashusho: Gupima X-ray zo mu gituza, gupima CT (gupima tomography), cyangwa gupima MRI (gupima magnetic resonance).
• Ultrasound yo mu maraso: Ubu ni ubwoko bwa bronchoscopy. Ibi bivuze ko icyuma gikoresha ultrasound gifatanye n'umuyoboro muto kandi ucanye umucyo gikoreshwa mu gufata amafoto y'imbere mu bihaha.
• Kureba ingingo z'umubiri: Muganga ashobora kureba ingingo zawe akoresheje mikorosikopi cyangwa binyuze mu isuzuma rya laboratwari kugira ngo arebe niba hari ibihumyo bya mucormycosis.

Indwara ya Mucormycosis ivurwa ite?

Abaganga bavura mucormycosis bakoresheje imiti irwanya icyorezo. Bashobora kandi gukenera kubagwa kugira ngo bakureho ingingo zanduye cyangwa zapfuye. Imiti irwanya icyorezo ikoreshwa muri ibi ni:

• Amphotericin B
• Posaconazole `(Posaconazole)`
• Isavuconazole

Uzakenera gufata uyu muti wo kurwanya udukoko mu gihe cy'ibyumweru, wenda amezi.

Ese iyi ndwara ishobora gukira burundu?

Yego, birashoboka. Ariko bigomba kuvurwa vuba. Nubwo ubuvuzi bwatinda iminsi mike, amahirwe yo kubaho ashobora kugabanuka cyane. Nubwo ubuvuzi bwatangira vuba, bushobora kugorana gukira.

Kuvurwa byihuse ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kurokora ubuzima!

Ni ikihe gipimo cy'impfu ziterwa na Mucormycosis?

Kubera ko bigoye kuvura kandi kubera ko abantu benshi barwaye mucormycosis bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke, igipimo cy'impfu kiri hejuru. Igipimo cy'impfu ku bwoko bwose bwa mucormycosis ni hafi 54%. Mucormycosis yibasira sinuses gusa ifite igipimo cy'impfu kiri hasi gato (hafi 46%). Ariko, mucormycosis yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri ikunze kwica.

Iki ni ikibazo gikomeye. Kubera ko iyi ndwara igoye kuvura, kandi kubera ko abantu benshi bayirwara bafite ubudahangarwa buke, igipimo cy'impfu kiri hejuru. Ariko ntucike intege, hari amahirwe yo gukira uvuwe hakiri kare.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite imwe muri izi ndwara zikurikira, baza muganga uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara z’ibihumyo n’uburyo bwo kuzimenya hakiri kare:

• Niba urwaye diyabete cyangwa kanseri.
• Niba waratewe urugingo cyangwa waratewe uturemangingo tw’umubiri.
• Niba ufite ikibazo cy'uburwayi cyangwa urimo gufata imiti ituma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe bugabanuka.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu ishami rishinzwe ubuvuzi bwihutirwa (ETU) ?

Mucormycosis ishobora kwica iyo idavuwe vuba. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya mucormycosis, cyane cyane niba ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bufite intege nke cyangwa diyabete, jya mu cyumba cyita ku barwayi b'ingoboka vuba. Buri gihe shaka ubuvuzi bwihutirwa niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikomeye bikurikira:

• Umuriro mwinshi (uri hejuru ya 103 Fahrenheit/40 Selisiyusi).
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Gukorora amaraso.
• Amaso abyimbye cyangwa kubyimba hafi y'amaso.
• Impinduka mu kureba, nko kureba inshuro ebyiri.
• Urujijo cyangwa izindi mpinduka zo mu mutwe.
• Kubabara mu nda.
• Amarira y'umukara cyangwa amarira.
• Igikomere kidakira, kigakomeza gukwirakwira, cyangwa ngo gihinduke umukara.

Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, jya kwa muganga vuba!

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Bishobora kuba byiza kubaza muganga wawe ibi bibazo:

• Ese ndi mu kaga gakomeye ko kwandura indwara z'ibihumyo?
• Ni iki nakora kugira ngo ngire ibyago byo kwandura?
• Ni ibihe bimenyetso ngomba kwitondera kandi ni ryari nkwiye gushaka inama kwa muganga?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura mfite?
• Ni iki nakwitega kuri iki kibazo?

Ese hari uburyo bwo kwirinda Mucormycosis? (Kwirinda)

Ibihumyo bitera mucormycosis biradukikije, bityo biragoye kubyirinda burundu. Ariko hari intambwe zimwe na zimwe ushobora gufata kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kwandura ibihumyo:

• Niba ufite ikibazo cy’uburwayi gishyira mu kaga ko kwandura indwara zikomeye z’ibihumyo, korana na muganga wawe kugira ngo akirinde.
• Niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura ibihumyo, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti irwanya udukoko kugira ngo ikurinde kurwara.
• Niba akazi kawe kagushyira mu kaga ko kwandura ibihumyo, baza muganga wawe niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura.
• Irinde ahantu hari ivumbi, nko mu bwubatsi. Niba ugomba kuba uri muri utwo duce, ambara agapfukamunwa ka "N95" (cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byo kwirinda) kugira ngo bigufashe kuyungurura udukoko tw'ibihumyo mu mwuka uhumeka.
• Irinde ibikorwa bishobora gutuma uhura n'udukoko tw'ibihumyo, nko guhinga no gucukura. Ambara uturindantoki n'imyenda ipfuka uruhu rwinshi uko bishoboka kose mu gihe ukorera hanze.
• Karaba neza uduce twangiritse n'udukomere ukoresheje isabune n'amazi.

Ese COVID-19 yongera ibyago byo kurwara Mucormycosis?

Mu 2021, habayeho ukwiyongera kw'abarwayi ba mucormycosis mu bantu barwaye COVID-19. Ariko impuguke ntizi neza isano iri hagati yazo. Ntabwo kandi zizewe niba kugira COVID-19 ubwabyo bihagije mu kongera ibyago, kuko:

• Inyinshi mu ndwara zagaragaye mu turere tw’isi aho mucormycosis ikunze kugaragara. Mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya COVID-19, umuntu umwe kuri batatu barwaye mucormycosis muri utwo turere ntabwo yarwaye COVID-19.
• Mu gihe cy'icyorezo, hagaragaye abantu benshi barwaye COVID-19 na mucormycosis mu tundi duce tw'isi (aho mucormycosis ikunze kugaragara gake), ariko nta ndwara yandurira mu duce aho mucormycosis ikunze kugaragara gake.
• Abantu benshi bari bafite indwara ya mucormycosis na COVID-19 bari bafite diyabete idacunzwe neza cyangwa bafataga imiti ya corticosteroid. Ibi ni ibintu bishobora gutera mucormycosis.
• Abantu benshi barwaye COVID-19 na mucormycosis bari bafite ubwoko bw’indwara zifata amazuru, amaso n’ubwonko (rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis) – ntabwo ari indwara isanzwe y’ibihaha nk’uko wabyitega. Ibi kandi bigaragaza ko izindi ndwara zitera iyi ndwara, atari COVID-19 gusa, zigira uruhare mu gutuma habaho iyi ndwara.

Rero, biragoye kuvuga ako kanya ko ibi biterwa na Covid-19. Hari n'ibindi bintu bishobora kubitera.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Mucormycosis ni indwara idakunze kugaragara . Yibasira abantu bagera kuri miliyoni imwe buri mwaka. Ariko niba ufite indwara zituma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe bugabanuka, uba uri mu kaga gakomeye. Abantu barwaye diyabete na A1C nyinshi bagomba kwitonda cyane.

Gucunga indwara zisanzwe ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kugumana ubuzima bwiza. Ariko ganira na muganga wawe ku bundi buryo bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura. Ashobora kuganira ku mpungenge ushobora kuba ufite no kukubwira ibimenyetso ugomba kwitondera.

Iyi si indwara ifata buri wese. Ariko, niba ufite indwara igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe, nka diyabete, witondere cyane. Icy'ingenzi ni uko niba ufite ibimenyetso bya mucormycosis, jya mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi bwihuse cy'ibitaro biri hafi yawe. Kuko kuvurwa byihuse bishobora kurokora ubuzima!

` mucormycosis, fungus y'umukara, indwara z'ibihumyo, diyabete, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, sinus, ibihaha, uruhu, ubwonko, fungus