Ese ufite ibi bimenyetso? Reka tuvuge kuri Multiple Sclerosis (MS)!

Ese hari igihe wumva urimo gutakaza uburinganire bwawe cyangwa kureba kwawe kukaba kutumvikana? Cyangwa wumva urimo gutakaza uburinganire bwawe iyo ugenda? Hari igihe wibaza niba ibi bintu birimo kugenda gusa, cyangwa niba ari intangiriro y'ikintu kinini? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara igoye gato, ariko ni ngombwa cyane kuyimenya. Iyo ni Multiple Sclerosis , cyangwa MS mu magambo ahinnye.

Multiple Sclerosis ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara ya sclerosis nyinshi (MS) ni indwara aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bwite bwibasira ubwonko bwawe n'umugongo wawe , ari na byo byitwa indwara y'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri .

Tekereza imitsi yo mu mubiri wawe nk'insinga z'amashanyarazi. Izi nsinga zifite agakoresho ko kuzirinda kazengurutse, si byo se? Mu buryo nk'ubwo, uturemangingo tw'imitsi yacu dufite agakoresho ko kuzirinda kitwa myelin . Utu dukoresho two mu mitsi dufasha ibimenyetso kugenda mu mitsi vuba kandi neza. Uku kuvugana ni ingenzi kuri buri kintu tubona, twumva, kandi tugakora ku mibiri yacu.

Noneho, ikiba ku muntu urwaye MS ni uko ubudahangarwa bwe bw’umubiri bwibasira utu tunyangingo twa myelin mu buryo butari bwo. Ni nk'aho ingabo zacu zitera igihugu cyacu. Ibi byangiza sheath ya myelin. Hanyuma ubwo butumwa bw'imitsi ntibugende neza, ntibufatirwe hagati, cyangwa ngo bugende mu buryo butari bwo. Ubu bwangirike bushobora kubaho mu bwonko, mu ruti rw'umugongo, ndetse rimwe na rimwe no mu mitsi ihuza amaso.

Kugeza ubu nta muti uhari wa MS. Ariko, hari uburyo bwinshi bwiza bwo kugabanya kwangirika no kugenzura ibimenyetso. Rero ntugahangayike.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa MS?

MS igira ingaruka ku bantu bose mu buryo butandukanye, bityo abaganga bayigabanyamo ubwoko butandukanye bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe. Izi si indwara zitandukanye, ahubwo ni uko indwara yigaragaza.

Hari ubwoko bune bw'ingenzi:

1. Indwara ya MS Isolated (CIS): Ni ubwa mbere ibimenyetso bya MS bigaragaye. Ariko nta bimenyetso bihagije bihari byemeza neza ko ari MS. Ibi bimenyetso biterwa no kwangirika kwa myelin. Si abantu bose bafite CIS bazarwara MS, ariko bamwe bashobora kurwara MS mu gihe kizaza.

2. Sclerosis nyinshi isubira inyuma (RRMS): Ubu ni bwo bwoko bwa MS bukunze kugaragara cyane . Abantu bagera kuri 85% barwaye MS bagwa muri iki cyiciro. Ikibaho ni uko ibimenyetso bishya bihita bigaragara, cyangwa ibimenyetso bya kera bikarushaho kwiyongera. Ibi tubyita "gusubira inyuma" cyangwa "igitero ." Hanyuma, uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibyo bimenyetso biragabanuka cyangwa bigashira burundu. Ibi byitwa "relief".Igihe kirageze.

3. Second Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS): Abantu benshi barwaye RRMS amaherezo barwara SPMS. Kuri iki cyiciro, kwangirika kw'imitsi kugenda kwiyongera buhoro buhoro kandi ibimenyetso bikarushaho kwiyongera buhoro buhoro. Gusubira inyuma bishobora kubaho, ariko igihe cyo kuruhuka, cyangwa igihe cyo kugabanya ibimenyetso, ni gito.

4. Sclerosis y’ibanze ikomeza kwiyongera (PPMS): Muri ubu bwoko, ibimenyetso bigenda birushaho kwiyongera kuva mu ntangiriro. Nta gusubira inyuma no kugabanuka kugaragara nk’uko bigenda muri RRMS.

Uretse ubu bwoko bune bw'ingenzi, hari ubwoko bwinshi budasanzwe bwa MS:

• Sclerosis ya Tumefactive Multiple: Ubu ni ubwoko bwa sclerosis nyinshi itera gukuramo myelin mu bice binini by'ubwonko. Ibi bishobora kumera nk'ibibyimba. Bishobora gukenerwa isuzuma kugira ngo hamenyekane niba iki ari ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko.
• Sclerosis ya Balo Ifite Ingufu Zikomeye: Muri iyi ndwara, kwangirika kwa myelin kugaragara nk'impeta zifatanye kuri scan ya MRI, niyo mpamvu izina ryabyo ryamenyekanye.
• Marburg Variant Multiple Sclerosis: Iyi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara cyane kandi ikomeye ya MS. Ibimenyetso bigenda byihuta kandi bishobora kwica iyo bitavuwe.

Ni mu rugero rungana iki indwara ya MS ikunze kugaragara?

Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu bihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bwerekana ko abantu bakuru bagera kuri miliyoni babana na MS. Hari n'abantu bafite iyi ndwara muri Sri Lanka.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya mbere bya MS?

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bya MS bishobora kuba birimo:

• Impinduka mu kureba: Kubona nabi mu jisho rimwe, ububabare (ibi byitwa optic neuritis ), kubona kabiri, ndetse no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba.
• Intege nke z'imitsi: Akenshi haba ku ruhande rumwe rw'isura cyangwa umubiri, cyangwa munsi y'ikibuno.
• Gucika intege cyangwa kumva ibintu bidasanzwe: Ibi bishobora no kubaho ku ruhande rumwe rw'isura cyangwa umubiri, cyangwa munsi y'ikibuno. Bishobora kumva nk'aho umuntu aryamye, cyangwa se bikaba ntacyo bimaze.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bindi bya MS?

Dore ibindi bimenyetso bisanzwe bishobora guterwa na MS:

• Umunaniro: Si umunaniro gusa, ahubwo ni umunaniro udashobora kwihanganira, urenze urugero.
• Ubuswa
• Kuzungera
• Kugorwa no kugenzura imikorere y'uruhago: kunyara kenshi, kunanirwa kugenzura kunyara.
• Gutakaza uburinganire n'imikoranire
• Ingorane mu mikorere y'ubwonko:Ibyo bivuze kugabanuka k'ibitekerezo, kwibuka, kwita ku bintu, kwiga no gufata ibyemezo.
• Ihindagurika ry'amarangamutima: kurakara, kwiheba, guhangayika.
• Kugorama kw'imitsi no kubabara kw'imitsi / gutigita

Igikuru ni uko ibi bimenyetso bitandukanye bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Ibyo ufite umunsi umwe bishobora gutandukana n'ibyo ufite undi munsi. Ushobora kugira byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso, ariko si byose icyarimwe.

Ese birashoboka kubaho usanzwe ufite MS?

Ibi biragoye kubivugaho gato, kuko "ibisanzwe" biratandukanye bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi. Kuri MS, ushobora kugira ibihe byo koroherwa . Ibyo bivuze ko ibihe ibimenyetso byawe bishira kandi ushobora kuba nk'uko wari umeze. Ushobora no kwibagirwa ko ufite MS, kugeza igihe ibimenyetso byawe bigarutse. Uko iyi "bisanzwe" yumva imeze, n'uko yumva ameze, bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'ubwoko bwa MS n'urwego rw'indwara.

Ni iki gitera MS?

Impamvu nyamukuru ya MS ni isenyuka rya myelin (demyelination) . Nkuko twabivuze mbere, myelin ni igikingira uturemangingo tw’imitsi (neurons) mu bwonko bwawe no mu ruti rw’umugongo. Niyo yohereza ubutumwa hagati y’ubwonko bwawe n’umubiri wawe wose, ikagenzura ibintu nko kureba, kumva, no kugenda.

Inshingano z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe ni ukukurinda ibintu byangiza umubiri wawe, nka bagiteri na virusi. Ariko muri MS, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bukora cyane , bukibeshya ko myelin nzima (hamwe na rimwe n'uturemangingo tw'imitsi turi munsi yayo) ari ikibazo. Iyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibasiye iyi myelin nzima, irayangiza. Ibi byitwa demyelination .

Muganga ashobora gukoresha ikizamini cyo gufata amashusho, nka MRI, kugira ngo amenye ibimenyetso by'iyi myelin yangiritse. Bashobora kubyita inkovu, igisebe, cyangwa plaque . Aho myelin yangiritse, ubutumwa hagati y'uturemangingo tw'imitsi ntibugenda neza. Ibyo nibyo bitera ibimenyetso bya MS.

Impuguke ntiziramenya neza impamvu bamwe barwara MS, ariko ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ibi bintu bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara MS:

• Kunywa itabi
• Guhura n'uburozi: Urugero, guhumeka n'umwotsi w'ibiyobyabwenge, imiti yica udukoko.
• Ingano nke ya Vitamine D
• Guhura na virusi: Urugero, virusi ya Epstein-Barr cyangwa mononucleosis .
• Umubyibuho ukabije mu bwana
• Uburyo umuntu aterwa n'imiterere y'uturemangingo:Ibi bivuze ko niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite iyi ndwara, cyangwa niba ufite uturemangingo dushobora gutuma urwara iyi ndwara, uba ufite amahirwe menshi yo kuyirwara.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara indwara ya MS?

Ushobora kuba uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara MS niba:

• Niba ufite hagati y'imyaka 20 na 40 .
• Niba ufite inkomoko mu Burayi bw'Amajyaruguru .
• Niba uri umugore (abagore bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara MS).

Ariko wibuke ko MS ishobora kugira ingaruka ku muntu uwo ari we wese. Mu bihe bidasanzwe, ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku bana .

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa na MS?

Iyo ibimenyetso bya MS birushijeho gukomera cyangwa bikarushaho kuba bibi, ingorane nka:

• Kugorwa no kugenda nta bufasha.
• Kubura uburyo bwo kugenzura amara cyangwa uruhago .
• Gutakaza kwibuka .
• Imibonano mpuzabitsina idakora neza .
• Kwiheba no guhangayika .

Ni gute indwara ya MS ipimwa?

Nta kizamini na kimwe gishobora gusuzuma MS burundu. Ahubwo, umuganga azasanga ufite MS nyuma yo gukora ikizamini cy’umubiri, ikizamini cy’imitsi, n’ibindi bizamini byinshi .

Mu gihe cyo gusuzumwa, muganga wawe azamenya byinshi ku bimenyetso byawe n'amateka y'ubuzima bwawe. Ibizamini bishobora kuba birimo gupima amaraso, gupima ubwonko bwawe n'umugongo wawe hakoreshejwe MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) , ndetse no gupima amazi y'umugongo wawe.

Bishobora gufata igihe kugira ngo umenye neza indwara ya MS. Ushobora gukenera kujya kwa muganga wawe inshuro nyinshi mbere yuko ubimenya neza. Ibi biterwa nuko ibimenyetso bya MS bishobora gusa n'iby'izindi ndwara nyinshi zisanzwe. Nubwo gutinda gusuzuma indwara bishobora kugutera agahinda, kubona igisubizo nyacyo bishobora gufasha muganga wawe kuvura ibimenyetso byawe neza.

Ni ibihe bipimo bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma MS?

Ibipimo byo gusuzuma indwara bifasha muganga wawe kumenya izindi ndwara zifite ibimenyetso bisa na MS. Ibipimo bishobora kuba birimo:

• Gupima amaraso n'inkari
• Ikizamini cya Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Ikizamini cya Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Iki kizagenzura niba imitsi y'amaso yangiritse.
• Gupfuka mu gituza: Muri ibi, hafatwa urugero rw'amazi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo hanyuma hagasuzumwa.
• Ikizamini cya Evoked Potential (EP): Iki gipima uburyo imitsi ikora vuba.

Ni nde usuzuma indwara ya MS?

Niba umuganga wawe w’ibanze akeka ko ushobora kuba ufite MS, azakohereza kwa muganga w’indwara z’ubwonko . Umuganga w’indwara z’ubwonko ni umuganga w’inzobere mu kuvura indwara z’ubwonko, zirimo ubwonko n’umugongo.

Ese indwara ya MS ishobora gukira burundu?

Ikibabaje ni uko ubu nta buryo bwo gukiza burundu indwara ya MS buhari.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura MS?

Intego z'ingenzi zo kuvura indwara ya sclerosis nyinshi ni ukugabanya kwangirika kurushaho, kugenzura ibimenyetso no gukumira ingorane . Gahunda yawe yo kuvura ishobora kuba ikubiyemo:

• Imiti
• Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri, ubuvuzi bw'akazi, cyangwa ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga
• Ubujyanama ku buzima bwo mu mutwe

Ubundi buryo bwo guhangana n'ibimenyetso buratandukanye bitewe n'uburyo indwara igutera. Bushobora kuba burimo:

• Kwambara indorerwamo cyangwa gufata imiti yo kuvura ibibazo byo kutabona.
• Gukangura Ubwonko Bwimbitse ku Guhinda imitsi.
• Gukoresha ibikoresho bifasha umuntu mu gihe afite ingorane zo kugenda nk'inkoni , igare ry'abanyamaguru, cyangwa amagare y'abamugaye .
• Imiti igabanya ububabare cyangwa imiti igabanya ububabare (urugero : gabapentin cyangwa nortriptyline ).
• Imiti nka donepezil ivura ibimenyetso byo mu mutwe.
• Uburyo bundi bwo kuvura nka acupuncture na yoga .

Niba umubiri wawe utitabira neza imiti imwe n'imwe mu gihe cy'igitero cya MS, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo guhinduranya plasma (plasmapheresis) . Ibi bigira akamaro cyane mu kugabanya kwangirika kw'igitero gisanzwe kuruta gukumira ibindi bitero mu gihe kirekire.

Ushobora kandi kuvugana na muganga wawe niba hari ibizamini byo kwa muganga ushobora kwitabira. Ibizamini byo kwa muganga ni ibizamini ku bantu kugira ngo babone uburyo bushya bwo kuvura MS n'izindi ndwara, byaba imiti mishya cyangwa uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha imiti isanzwe.

Imiti ivura indwara ya sclerosis nyinshi

Imiti ivura indwara ya sclerosis nyinshi ishobora kugabanya inshuro zo gusubira inyuma, ikagabanya gutera ibisebe bishya/inkovu mu bwonko no mu ruti rw'umugongo, kandi igatuma indwara ikomeza kwiyongera. Ubwoko bw'imiti ikunze kugaragara cyane ya MS ni:

1. Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara (DMTs):DMT zigabanya umubare w’indwara zo kubura ubwiyongere bw’indwara, zigabanye iterambere rya MS, kandi zikarinda ko ibisebe bishya biba mu bwonko bwawe no mu ruti rw’umugongo. Hari imiti myinshi yemejwe n’Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n’imiti muri Amerika (FDA) yo kuvura MS igihe kirekire.

2. Imiti yo kurwanya indwara yo gusubira inyuma: Ku ndwara zikomeye, imiti nka corticosteroids (nka methylprednisolone ) igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe kandi ikagabanya kubyimba vuba. Iyi miti ishobora kwihutisha igihe cyo gukira nyuma yo gufatwa n'indwara. Igabanya kandi kwangirika kwa myelin sheath ikikije uturemangingo tw'imitsi. Muganga wawe ashobora kuguha iyi miti binyuze mu gupimwa mu buryo bwa IV (mu intravenous) . Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura indwara zikomeye burimo kuvurwa mu buryo bwa IV immunoglobulin cyangwa plasma exchange .

DMTs kuri MS

Dore imiti ikoreshwa cyane muri MS n'uburyo ikoreshwa:

• Inshinge mu ruhu rwawe: Beta interferon, glatiramer acetate, cyangwa ofatumumab.
• Gutera imiti mu mutsi (IV): Alemtuzumab, natalizumab, rituximab, ocrelizumab, cyangwa ublituximab.
• Imiti ikoreshwa mu kunywa: Cladribine, dimethyl fumarate, diroximel fumarate, monomethyl fumarate, fingolimod, siponimod, ponesimod, ozanimod, cyangwa teriflunomide.
• Gutera uturemangingo tw'umugongo

Ese indwara ya sclerosis nyinshi ishobora kwirindwa?

Kugeza ubu nta buryo buzwi bwo kwirinda indwara ya MS.

Ni gute wagabanya kugaragara kw'ibimenyetso bya MS?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya umubare w'indwara zifata intera, gusubira inyuma, n'ibitero uhura na byo ni ugufata imiti ihindura indwara (DMTs) .

Ni ngombwa kandi kubaho ubuzima bwiza . Ibyemezo ufata bishobora gufasha kugabanya ikwirakwira ry'indwara. Kugira ngo ukomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama ibi bikurikira:

• Kurya ibiryo bifite intungamubiri.
• Kuryama bihagije.
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ihoraho.
• Kudakoresha ibikomoka ku itabi.

Guhangana n'indwara idakira bishobora kugorana mu mutwe. MS rimwe na rimwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku byiyumvo byawe no ku kwibuka kwawe. Inzobere mu by'imitekerereze y'abantu cyangwa umujyanama mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutweGukorana ni ingenzi mu gucunga iyi ndwara mu gihe kirekire.

Ni iki kizere cy’uko MS izagenda?

Indwara ya “multiple sclerosis” ni indwara ibaho ubuzima bwose kandi idafite umuti . Ariko, uburyo bwo kuvura ubu ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kugabanya ibimenyetso no kugabanya inshuro zo kurwara indwara. Iyo umuntu avuwe cyangwa atavuwe, MS ishobora kumugara uko igihe kigenda, bigatuma bigorana gukora imirimo ya buri munsi nta bufasha afite. Itsinda ryita ku barwayi rihari kugira ngo rigufashe mu rugendo rwawe rwo kwirinda ingorane no kunoza ubuzima bwawe.

Ese indwara ya sclerosis nyinshi igira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe?

Ushobora kwitega kubaho ubuzima busanzwe urwaye MS. Nubwo ubushakashatsi bwa kera bwagaragaje ko MS ishobora kugabanya imyaka yo kubaho yawe ho imyaka 10, ibi byarushijeho kuba byiza bitewe n'iterambere mu buryo bwo kuvura. Ni mu bihe bike cyane MS ari yo yica.

Ese umuntu urwaye MS ashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe?

Yego. MS ishobora kuba ikibazo kigoye gusuzuma no kugikemura, ariko itsinda ry’abaganga rizagufasha muri buri ntambwe. Nubwo nta muti uhari, ushobora kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije hamwe na MS. Kuva ku miti kugeza ku buvuzi, hari uburyo bwo kugufasha kongera imikorere y’umubiri n’iy’ubwonko. Hari n’amatsinda y’abaterankunga ashobora kugufasha guhuza n’abandi bahuye n’ibibazo nk’ibyo.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?

Ugomba kujya kwa muganga niba ubonye ibimenyetso nk'ibi:

• Kumva ufite ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane.
• Niba wumva udakomeye cyangwa udafite uburinganire.
• Kugorwa no kwibuka ibintu.
• Cyane cyane niba ufite ibinure cyangwa uburibwe mu biganza cyangwa ibirenge.
• Ihinduka ry'amarangamutima mu buryo butunguranye.
• Niba wumva ufite intege nke mu maboko cyangwa amaguru.

Niba ufite MS kandi ukagaragaza ibimenyetso bishya, cyangwa niba ibimenyetso bihari birushijeho kwiyongera, bwira muganga wawe.

Ni ibihe bibazo ugomba kubaza muganga wawe?

Ushobora kubaza muganga wawe ibi bibazo:

• Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ubuvuzi usaba?
• Ni kangahe nkwiye kujya muri physiotherapy?
• Ese hari ingaruka mbi zishobora guterwa n'imiti wanditse?
• Ni ryari kandi kangahe ngomba gufata umuti?
• Ni ibihe bimenyetso ngomba kwitondera?
• Ese wampa inama ku bijyanye no kugira ubuzima bwiza?
• Ese hari amatsinda y'ubufasha ushobora gutanga inama?

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Multiple sclerosis (MS) ni indwara ibabaza kandi ishyira ubuzima mu kaga. Ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara mu buryo butunguranye kandi bikarushaho kwiyongera. MS ishobora kandi gutuma ugira ibyago byinshi byo kugira impanuka mu gihe utakaje ubushobozi bwawe bwo kuringaniza ibintu.

Ariko, ntabwo uri wenyine. Umuganga ashobora kugufasha kwihanganira iyi ndwara no gukomeza imirimo yawe ya buri munsi mu mutekano. Uko indwara ikomeza kwiyongera, ushobora gukenera guhindura gato imibereho yawe, nko gukoresha icyuma gifasha kugenda cyangwa kwambara indorerwamo. Ariko abantu benshi barwaye MS babaho ubuzima bwuzuye kandi burangwa n'imbaraga babifashijwemo n'itsinda ryabo ryita ku barwayi. Niba ufite ikibazo ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kuvurwa, ibimenyetso cyangwa ingorane ugomba kwitondera, ntutindiganye kubaza abaganga bawe. Kumenyeshwa no kubona ubufasha bukwiye ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kubaho neza na MS.

` Multiple Sclerosis, MS, Indwara y'imitsi, Myeline, Ubwonko, Uruti rw'umugongo, Ibimenyetso, Uburyo bwo kuvura, Indwara y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, Multiple Sclerosis