Ese impyiko zawe zisohora poroteyine nyinshi cyane? Reka tuvuge kuri Nephrotic Syndrome!

Ese amaguru, amaboko, cyangwa isura yawe byatangiye kubyimba mu buryo butunguranye? Cyangwa inkari zawe zisa n'umubiri w'umwana uri kubyimba? Ese iyo uri kunyara zisa n'ifuro? Ibi bishobora kuba ikibazo gito ku mpyiko zawe, gishobora guterwa n'indwara. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri imwe muri izo ndwara z'impyiko, 'Nephrotic Syndrome'. Ntugahangayike, tuzabivugaho mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Indwara ya Nephrotic Syndrome ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara ya nephrotic syndrome ni indwara impyiko zacu zisohora poroteyine nyinshi mu nkari. Abaganga bayita "proteinuria". Mu by'ukuri, iyo garama zirenga 3 za poroteyine (ziremereye gato kurusha ifaranga rimwe rya Amerika) zisohoka mu nkari ku munsi, icyo ni cyo kimenyetso nyamukuru cy'iyi ndwara. Ibi bikubye inshuro zigera kuri 20 ugereranyije n'ingano y'impyiko nzima zisohoka.

Noneho tekereza ku mpyiko zacu nk'akayunguruzo . Aka kayunguruzo gafite imiyoboro mito y'amaraso, twita '(glomeruli)' . Iyi '(glomeruli)' iyungurura imyanda (urugero, imyanda ya azote '(urea)', imyanda y'imitsi '(creatinine)', na aside), ndetse n'amazi atari ngombwa mu maraso. Hanyuma bivanwa mu nkari. Ubusanzwe, mu mpyiko nzima, '(glomeruli)' iyungurura ibintu umubiri ukeneye, nka poroteyine, kandi ikabigumana mu maraso, cyane cyane poroteyine '(albumin)' . Ariko iyo iyi '(glomeruli)' yangiritse, ntikora neza. Hanyuma, poroteyine z'agaciro nka '(albumin)' zirunda mu nkari byoroshye.

Ese ibi bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga?

Yego, indwara ya nephrotic syndrome ni indwara ikomeye . Iyo idavuwe neza, ishobora gutera izindi ngorane ndetse ikanagira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kubimenya no gushaka inama kwa muganga vuba niba ufite ibimenyetso.

Ni nde urwara indwara y'imitsi?

Umuntu uwo ari we wese ashobora kurwara iyi ndwara. Ariko, abantu bafite indwara z'impyiko ziterwa na diyabete, abafite ubwivumbure bumwe na bumwe, ndetse n'abafite amateka y'iyi ndwara y'impyiko mu muryango wabo (bafite indwara y'impyiko) bashobora kuyirwara cyane.

Iyi si indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane.

• Ifata abana bagera ku 1 ku bana 50.000 buri mwaka. Ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bana bari hagati y'imyaka 2 na 5. Abahungu bafite amahirwe akubye kabiri yo kuyirwara ugereranyije n'abakobwa.
• Ku bantu bakuru , ibi bibaho mu bantu bagera kuri batatu mu bihumbi ijana buri mwaka.

Ni gute indwara ya nephrotic syndrome igira ingaruka ku mubiri?

Iyo poroteyine, zifitiye umubiri wacu akamaro kanini, zisohotse mu nkari, havuka ibibazo bitandukanye.

• Poroteyine zimwe na zimwe zifasha mu guhagarika amaraso kuvura . Iyo zibuze, amaraso ashobora kuvura.
• Ubundi bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa poroteyine ni`(Immunoglobulines)` . Izi zifasha ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri kurwanya indwara n'ubwandu. Iyo izibuze, dushobora kwandura indwara byoroshye. Urugero:
• `(Umusonga)` (Umusonga)
• Selulite (ubwandu bw'uruhu buterwa na bagiteri)
• Peritonite (ubwandu bw'agahu k'inda)

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara y'imitsi?

Ni ngombwa kwitondera cyane ibi bimenyetso:

• Kugira poroteyine nyinshi `(albumin)` mu nkari (`(albuminuria)`) : Garama zirenga 3.5 za poroteyine `(albumin)` zisohoka ku munsi.
• Ubwiyongere bw'ibinure na kolesteroli mu maraso (hyperlipidemia) .
• Kubyimba (`(edema)`) : Akenshi, amaguru, uturenge n'ibirenge birabyimba. Hari igihe amaboko n'isura nabyo bishobora kubyimba. Tekereza, niba umwana wawe abyutse mu gitondo agace gakikije amaso ye kagaragara nk'akabyimba, ibyo na byo bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ibi.
• Kugabanuka kwa poroteyine ya albumin mu maraso (hypoalbuminemia) .
• Ibiryo nta buryohe bwabyo .
• Kumva unaniwe igihe cyose .
• Kubabara mu gifu (aho ari ho hose kuva mu mbavu kugeza mu nda yo hasi).
• Inkari zuzuye ifuro , nk'amazi arimo isabune.

Ikindi kintu ni uko umubiri wacu utakaza imyunyu ngugu na vitamine by'ingenzi, cyane cyane kalisiyumu na vitamine D , muri ubu buryo. Ku bana bato, ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikurire. Gutakaza umusatsi, inzara zidakomeye, n'indwara zigabanya amagufwa nka ``(Osteoporosis)`` (indwara yo kugabanya amagufwa) nabyo bishobora kubaho.

Ni izihe ngorane zikunze kugaragara ku ndwara ya nephrotic syndrome?

Iyo bitavuwe, ingorane nka:

• `(Gukomereka bikomeye mu mpyiko)` - Indwara aho impyiko zihagarara gukora neza mu buryo butunguranye.
• Anemia - Kubura uturemangingo tw'amaraso tuzima dutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu ngingo z'umubiri.
• Indwara y'imitsi itera amaraso mu mutima - Ibinure byinjira mu mitsi itanga amaraso mu mutima.
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso - Umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru kuruta uko bisanzwe mu gihe unyura mu miyoboro y'amaraso.
• Hypothyroidism - Ingirabuzimafatizo ya tiroyide ntirekura imisemburo ihagije ya tiroyide mu maraso.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera indwara y’imitsi yo mu bwonko?

Akenshi, izi `(glomeruli)` zirangirika bitewe n'indwara z'impyiko. Abaganga n'abashakashatsi ntibaramenya neza impamvu izi ndwara zigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye kuri `(glomeruli)`. Izi `(glomeruli)` zangiritse ni zo mpamvu nyamukuru itera indwara ya nephrotic. Zimwe muri izi ndwara ni:

• `(Amyloidosis)` : Muri ibi, ubwoko bwa poroteyine yitwa amyloid ishyirwa mu ngingo zacu z'ingenzi. Ibi bikunze kubaho mu mpyiko. Hanyuma ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura bw'impyiko buragabanuka.
• `(Uburwayi bw'indwara ya diyabete)`Nephropathy: Ibi bibaho iyo impyiko zidakora neza. Iyi ndwara ibaho iyo diyabete yangije imitsi imwe cyangwa myinshi mu mpyiko. Ibi bishobora gutera ibinya, intege nke z'imitsi, ndetse n'ububabare.
• Indwara ya glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) : Ibi bitera inkovu mu bice bito bya glomeruli. Ibi bishobora gutera kubyimba, impyiko zigacika intege, ndetse na poroteyine mu nkari.
• Lupus : Lupus ni indwara itera ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Itera kubyimba, kubyimba, no kubabara umubiri wose. Ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku mpyiko.
• Ubwiyongere bw'umubiri : Muri ibi, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu bwibasira uturemangingo tw'umubiri mu mpyiko.
• Indwara y'impinduka nke (MCD) : Iyi ni ubwoko bwa nephropathy aho impyiko zidakora neza. Ariko, impyiko zipimwe ntizigaragaza ko hari icyangiritse gikomeye kuri glomeruli cyangwa inyama z'impyiko. Nubwo bishobora kubaho mu myaka iyo ari yo yose, bikunze kugaragara cyane ku bana bato.

Indwara ya nephrotic syndrome ipimwa ite?

Abaganga bakora ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo bamenye iyi ndwara:

Ibipimo byo gupima inkari

Ibi bigaragazwa no gusuzuma inkari, bireba uko inkari zawe zisa, imiterere yazo, n'uko inkari zawe zisa mu buryo butaziguye.

• Ikizamini cyo gukaraba inkari : Muri iki kizamini, ucana inkari mu gikoresho cyihariye kiri kwa muganga cyangwa ku bitaro. Hanyuma muganga cyangwa umuforomo ashyira agapapuro k'impapuro gatwikiriwe n'imiti (dipstick) mu gikoresho. Niba hari albumin mu nkari zawe, agace kazahindura ibara.
• Ibipimo bya poroteyine y'inkari : Ibi bizamini bikorwa iyo hakenewe gupimwa neza kurushaho.
• Icyitegererezo kimwe cy'inkari : Ibi byoherezwa muri laboratwari. Bazareba ingano ya `(albumin)` na `(creatinine)` biri mu nkari zawe (`(albumin-to-creatinine ratio)`). Niba ufite miligarama zirenga 30 za `(albumin)` kuri garama ya `(creatinine)`, ibyo bishobora kuba ikibazo.
• Gukusanya inkari mu masaha 24 : Muganga azaguha icupa ryo gufata inkari zawe mu rugo. Ku munsi wo gupima:
• Mu gitondo cya mbere, iyo ukangutse, jya mu musarani nk'uko bisanzwe.
• Hanyuma shyiramo inkari muri iryo cupa umunsi wose kugeza ugiye kuryama nijoro.
• Mu gitondo gikurikiyeho, ukimara kubyuka, shyira inkari mu icupa rimwe ku nshuro ya nyuma.
• Hanyuma ugomba kujyana icyo gipimo kwa muganga cyangwa muri laboratwari, aho bapima gusa ingano ya `(albumin)`.

Gupima amaraso

Muri ibi, muganga akoresha urushinge ruto kugira ngo afate amaraso make mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe. Yoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo ikorerwe isuzuma. Iyo hari urugero ruto rwa `(albumin)` cyangwa izindi poroteyine mu maraso, bishobora kuba ari indwara ya nephrotic. Banasuzuma urugero rwa cholesterol na `(triglyceride)` mu maraso. Iyo `(albumin)` ari nke, ibi bishobora kwiyongera.

Kuvura impyiko

Muri ubu buryo, muganga afata agace gato k'umubiri mu mpyiko yawe akagasuzuma akoresheje mikorosikopi. Aho hantu haba hatameze neza mbere yo kubagwa, bityo ntuzumva ububabare. Ushobora kandi guhabwa umuti muto wo gusinzira kugira ngo ufashe kuruhuka. Hanyuma muganga ashyira urushinge mu ruhu rwawe mu mpyiko yawe kugira ngo afate icyitegererezo cy'umubiri.

Ariko, niba urwaye diyabete kandi muganga wawe akeka ko indwara ya nephrotic syndrome iterwa n'indwara ya diyabete, akenshi si ngombwa ko ubanza gupimwa impyiko. Amateka yawe y'ubuzima, ibizamini by'inkari, n'ibipimo by'amaraso bishobora gufasha mu gusuzuma indwara ya nephrotic syndrome iterwa na diyabete.

Ese indwara ya nephrotic syndrome ishobora kuvurwa?

Iyi si indwara ikira burundu . Ariko hari inkuru nziza! Iyo ibaye ku bana bato, ikunze kurangira bakiri bato, bafite hagati y'imyaka 18 na 20.

Kuvura bishobora kugenzura ibimenyetso no guhagarika kwangirika kw'impyiko.

Ubuvuzi bukubiyemo kuvura impamvu nyamukuru, kugabanya umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, cholesterol, kubyimba, ndetse n'ibyago byo kwandura. Akenshi, bisaba imiti no guhindura imirire .

• Imiti imwe n'imwe y'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso ishobora gufasha mu kurwanya indwara z'impyiko zitera indwara ya nephrotic syndrome. Urugero:
• `(Inzobere mu guhindura enzyme (ACE)`
• `(Ibibuza receptor ya Angiotensin (ARBs))`
• Iyi miti igabanya umuvuduko uri muri glomeruli kandi ikagabanya ingano ya albumin isohoka mu nkari. Abantu benshi bashobora gukenera imiti ibiri cyangwa itatu kugira ngo bagenzure umuvuduko w'amaraso yabo.
• Hamwe n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso (ACE inhibitor) cyangwa ARB, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso . Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso ifasha impyiko gukura amazi menshi mu maraso yawe. Ishobora kandi gufasha kugabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso no kubyimba. Indi miti igabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso irimo imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso (beta-blockers) n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso mu maraso (calcium channel blockers ).
• Muganga ashobora kuguha imiti ya "statin" yo kugabanya cholesterol.
• Niba ufite indwara ya nephrotic syndrome, ni byiza kandi kubona urukingo rwa grippe (grippe) n'urukingo rwa pneumococcal buri mwaka. Urukingo rwa pneumococcal rushobora kurinda indwara ziterwa na bagiteri zitwa pneumococcus (urugero: indwara zo mu matwi, umusonga, meningitis).
• Hari igihe muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti igabanya amaraso (anticoagulants), ariko iyi miti itangwa gusa iyo ugize ikibazo cyo kubyimba kw'amaraso. Ntibikumira indwara y'imitsi cyangwa ibimenyetso byayo.

Ese ugomba kwitondera ibyo kurya n'ibyo kunywa?

Kurya no kunywa nta ngaruka bigira ku iterambere cyangwa gukumira indwara y’imitsi mu bantu bakuru. Ariko niba ufite iyi ndwara,Ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bishobora kugabanuka hakoreshejwe guhindura imirire.

• Kugabanya umunyu (sodium) mu mirire yawe bishobora gufasha kugabanya kubyimba . Sodium nyinshi mu byo turya ikomoka ku munyu. Kunywa amazi menshi nabyo bishobora gufasha kugabanya kubyimba.
• Kugabanya ibinure byuzuye na cholesterol mu mirire yawe bishobora gufasha mu kurwanya "hyperlipidemia" (ibinure byinshi mu maraso). Ni byiza kugabanya ibiryo nk'ibikomoka ku mata birimo ibinure byinshi, inyama zitukura, inyama zatunganyijwe, foromaje, ibiryo bikaranze, ibiryo bitetse, n'ibintu biryoshye.

Nitwara nte?

Uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana n'ibimenyetso byawe ni ugufata imiti yawe nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse . Ni byiza kandi kurya indyo irimo potasiyumu na poroteyine nyinshi, ariko irimo sodiyumu nke, ibinure byuzuye, na cholesterol nkeya.

Nzumva meze neza vuba gute nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Ibi biratandukanye bitewe n'icyateye indwara ya nephrotic syndrome. Hari abantu bashobora gutangira kumva bameze neza mu minsi mike batangira kuvurwa. Ku bandi, bishobora gufata ibyumweru cyangwa amezi. Ni ngombwa kwihangana.

Ni iki kigira ingaruka ku muntu ufite indwara ya nephrotic syndrome?

Iyo bapimwe kandi bagavurwa neza, abantu bafite indwara ya nephrotic syndrome bagira umusaruro mwiza . Abantu benshi bakira neza iyo bavuwe kandi bakagera mu gihe cyo kuruhuka (`(remission)`). Ibi bivuze ko ibimenyetso bishira. Niba wararwaye indwara ya nephrotic syndrome ukiri umwana, nk'uko byavuzwe mbere, birashoboka ko izashira burundu mu gihe uzaba ukuze.

Ese indwara ya nephrotic syndrome ishobora kwirindwa?

Indwara ya Nephrotic ntabwo ishobora kwirindwa , ariko kuvurwa neza n’indwara ziyitera (urugero: diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso) no guhindura imirire bishobora gufasha kunoza ibimenyetso no kugabanya kwangirika kw’impyiko.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara y'impyiko, cyane cyane inkari zirimo ifuro no kubyimba, bikamara iminsi irenga mike, jya kwa muganga ako kanya . Uko bigaragaye kare, niko byoroha kuvura.

Ni ibihe bibazo ugomba kubaza muganga?

Ushobora kubaza ibi bibazo mugihe ugiye kwa muganga:

• "Wamenye ute ko mfite indwara ya nephrotic syndrome?"
• "Ese nkeneye gukora ibindi bipimo kugira ngo nemeze ko urwaye?"
• "Niba ntafite indwara ya nephrotic syndrome, ni iyihe yindi ndwara nagira?"
• "Ni iyihe ndwara yatumye ngira indwara ya nephrotic syndrome?"
• "Utekereza ko indwara yanjye ya nephrotic syndrome izagabanuka iyo ivuwe?"
• "Ese indwara y'imitsi y'umwana wanjye izashira uko akura?"
• "Ni iyihe miti cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura usaba?"
• "Ese hari icyo nkeneye guhindura ku mirire yanjye?"

Itandukaniro riri hagati ya Nephrotic Syndrome na Nephritique Syndrome

Ibi byombi ni indwara zigira ingaruka ku mpyiko.

• Ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cya nephrotic syndrome ni poroteyine nyinshi mu nkari.
• Ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cya nephritic syndrome ni ukubyimba kw'impyiko. Uku kubyimba akenshi gushobora guterwa n'ubwandu, indwara z'imitsi y'amaraso, cyangwa kwangirika kw'imitsi.

Itandukaniro riri hagati ya Nephrotic Syndrome na Glomerulonefrite

Glomerulonephritis nayo ni indwara y'impyiko. Ibimenyetso byayo bisa n'indwara ya nephrotic. Ariko, itandukaniro rikomeye riri mu rugero rwa poroteyine isohoka .

• Iyo ufite indwara ya nephrotic syndrome, usohora garama zirenga 3.5 za poroteyine ku munsi.
• Iyo urwaye Glomerulonephritis, munsi ya garama 3.5 za poroteyine zisohoka ku munsi.

Indwara ya kanseri yo mu gihe cy'amavuko ni iki?

Iyi ni indwara ibaho umwana akivuka . Ishobora gutuma impyiko zidakora neza burundu, akenshi hagati y'imyaka 2 na 8. Iyi ni indwara y'impyiko ivuka mu muryango. Ibyo bivuze ko yandurira abana ivuye ku babyeyi.

Amaherezo, ibintu ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Muri make rero, indwara ya nephrotic syndrome ni indwara iterwa n’impyiko aho zisohora poroteyine nyinshi mu nkari. Niba ufite ibimenyetso nko kubabara mu nda, inkari zirimo ifuro, kubyimba, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, ndetse no kunanirwa kenshi kumara iminsi irenga mike, ni byiza gushaka inama kwa muganga. Wibuke ko kubimenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa bishobora gufasha impyiko zawe kugumana ubuzima bwiza no kwirinda ingorane zikomeye . Ntugatinye, kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe gusa. Ndakwifurije gukira vuba!

` Indwara ya Nephrotic, Indwara y'Impyiko, Poroteyine, Kubyimba, Isuzuma ry'inkari, Abana, Indwara ya Nephrotic