Ese uri umuntu usanzwe mu bwonko? Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye!

Ushobora kuba warigeze kumva ijambo 'neurotypical' ahantu runaka. Wenda kuri interineti, cyangwa inshuti yawe. Mu by'ukuri si ijambo ry'ubuvuzi abaganga bacu bakoresha kenshi. Ariko ni ijambo ry'ingenzi iyo bigeze ku kuntu ubwonko bw'abantu bukura n'uko bukora. Mu magambo make, 'neurotypical' ni uburyo ubwonko bw'abantu benshi ku isi bukura kandi bugakora.

"Imitsi yo mu bwonko" ni iki? Biroroshye cyane!

'Uburyo bwo mu mutwe busanzwe', tekereza, ni uburyo ubwonko bw'abaturage benshi ku isi, ni ukuvuga hagati ya 80% na 85% by'abantu, buteye imbere kandi bukora. Ubwonko bw'aba bantu muri rusange bufite ubushobozi butandukanye, urugero, kwibuka, ubushobozi bwo mu mibare, n'ubushobozi bwo kumva ibivugwa.

Ariko icy'ingenzi hano ni uko tutavuga ko kuba 'imitsi isanzwe' ari byiza, cyangwa ko abatari bo, ni ukuvuga 'imitsi ihindagurika', ari babi. Ni kimwe n'ibara ry'umusatsi wawe, ibara ry'uruhu rwawe. Ni ikintu cyihariye kuri buri muntu, si ikintu gishobora gupimwa nk'icyiza cyangwa kibi. Twese turatandukanye, kandi ni ko bimeze.

Kuki tudashaka gukoresha ijambo "ibisanzwe"?

Noneho ushobora kuba urimo gutekereza uti: "None se kuki utamwita umuntu 'usanzwe' aho kwita 'usanzwe'?" Dore impamvu. Nta bwonko bubiri bujya bumera kimwe. Tekereza gato, hari neuron zigera kuri miliyari 86 mu bwonko bw'umuntu, uturemangingo tubwirana binyuze mu bimenyetso by'amashanyarazi n'ibinyabutabire! Imibanire iri hagati y'izo neuron yitwa synapses . Hari trillions z'izi synapses mu bwonko bwawe. Uru rusobe rwa synapses nirwo rukugira uwo uri we, kandi ni umwihariko kuri wowe 100%.

Niba ubwonko bwose ari bwihariye, biragoye gusobanura "ubwonko busanzwe," sibyo? Niyo mpamvu tureba uburyo ubwonko bukora tukabwita "ubwonko busanzwe", ari na bwo ubwonko bw'abantu benshi bukora. Ibyo ntibivuze ko ari bwo buryo bwonyine "bukwiye".

Ni ibihe bintu bimwe na bimwe by'ubuzima nk'umuntu 'usanzwe ufite ubwonko'?

Nk'umuntu 'usanzwe mu mitsi', ushobora gusanga udakunze guhura n'ibibazo bimwe na bimwe abantu 'basanzwe mu mitsi' rimwe na rimwe bahura na byo. Ibi biterwa nuko ibintu byinshi muri sosiyete yacu, mu mashuri no mu kazi byagenewe abantu benshi, ni ukuvuga abantu 'basanzwe mu mitsi'. Reka turebe ingero nke:

Guhindura imibereho no kuyihindura

Nk'umuntu 'usanzwe ufite ubwonko', ubusanzwe ushobora kwishyira hamwe n'abandi bantu muri sosiyete nta ngorane nyinshi. Ntabwo ugira icyifuzo gikomeye cyo kwigira nk'abandi (ibi byitwa "gupfuka"). Ikigo kikwemera uko uri kenshi. Kubwibyo, ntabwo akenshi ugira ubwoba nko kuvuga uti "Ese abantu bazanyirengagiza?" "Ese bazantekereza nabi?"

Akazi k'ishuri n'uburezi

Akenshi, uburyo amashuri yigisha n'ibikorwa byo mu ishuri bitegurwa mu buryo bworoshye ku bana bafite "imitsi isanzwe" kubyumva. Kubwibyo, ibintu nko gukomeza kwibanda ku isomo no gukurikiza amabwiriza bishobora kutaba ikibazo gikomeye kuri wewe.

Urugero, iyo umwarimu yigisha isomo ku ishuri, bishobora korohera umwana 'usanzwe' gutega amatwi buri gihe, akabyumva, kandi agasubiza ibibazo iyo abajijwe.

Gutunganya uburyo bwo kumva

Duhora tubona amakuru aturutse ku byumviro byacu bitanu (amaso, amatwi, amazuru, ururimi, uruhu). Umuntu 'usanzwe' ntabwo agira ikibazo gikomeye mu buryo ayo makuru atunganywa n'ubwonko. Ibi bivuze ko ashobora kwibagirwa impumuro mbi, amajwi, n'ibyo akoraho, cyangwa akagabanya ingaruka zabyo. Ashobora kuba atuje kandi ntagire ikibazo cyoroshye cyo kurakara (`(aremerewe)` cyangwa `((ashyushye cyane)`) ndetse no mu bidukikije byuzuyemo urusaku.

• Tekereza, iyo uri muri bisi, wumva urusaku rwinshi kandi ugomba kunyura mu bantu benshi. Umuntu 'usanzwe' ashobora guhangana n'ibi bintu akagera aho ashaka nta ngorane nyinshi.

Guhuza abantu n'abandi no kuganira

Iyo tuganira n'abantu, iyo dukorana nabo ubucuruzi, hari amategeko menshi n'ibyo biteze bitavuzwe. Urugero, ibintu nko kureba isura y'umuntu iyo arimo kuvuga, no gusubiza neza ikiganiro cye. Abantu 'basanzwe' bakunze gusobanukirwa aya mategeko agenga imibereho batavuzwe no kwitwara neza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imikoranire n'abandi ishobora kuborohereza gato.

Ese kuba 'umuntu usanzwe' ni ikintu kirambye mu buzima bwe bwose? Oya rwose!

Oya, ibyo si ukuri. Umuntu wavutse ari 'ufite ubwonko busanzwe' ashobora guhinduka nyuma y'aho, akagaragaza imiterere ya 'neurodivergent'. Ibi tubyita "acquired neurodivergence".

Mu magambo make, uburyo ubwonko bukora burahinduka bitewe n’ingaruka runaka bwagize kuri bwo mu gihe runaka cy’ubuzima. Ibi ntibigomba kuba ari bibi. Ni impinduka gusa.

Ni gute ubu "butandukanye bw'ubwonko" bubaho?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma ibi bibaho:

• Indwara z'ubwonko ziterwa n'izabukuru: Urugero, indwara nka Alzheimer zihindura burundu imikorere y'ubwonko.
• Ibikomere byo mu mutwe n'ibikomere byo mu bwonko: Tekereza ku ndwara zo mu bwonko , cyangwa ibikomere bikomeye byo mu bwonko (TBI) , bishobora gutera gutakaza kwibuka by'igihe gito cyangwa burundu, kugorwa no kwibanda ku bintu, ndetse no guhindura imyitwarire.
• Ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe cyangwa ibintu bikomeretsa: Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu mutwe, urugeroIbintu nka `(Depression)` na `(Anxiety)` bishobora guhindura imikorere y'ibinyabutabire n'imikorere y'ubwonko. Nanone, indwara nka `(Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder - PTSD)`, ari na yo nzira yo kurinda ubwonko iyo buhuye n'ibintu bikomeye bikomeretsa, bishobora guhindura uburyo ubwonko bukora.

Ariko, ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko, hatabayeho izi mpamvu, rimwe na rimwe gake cyane, kandi nta mpamvu igaragara, umuntu 'ufite imiterere y'ubwonko' ashobora gutangira kugaragaza imico 'ifite imiterere y'ubwonko'. Ariko ibyo ni gake cyane.

Ese ababyeyi bafite "imitsi isanzwe" bashobora kugira abana "bafite imikorere y'ubwonko ihindagurika"?

Yego, birashoboka rwose! Nanone, ababyeyi badafite ubwonko bashobora kubyara abana basanzwe bafite ubwonko. Ibi si ibintu byo ku ruhande rumwe.

Ingirabuzimafatizo zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'umuntu bwo kuba umuntu utandukanye n'abandi. Urugero, indwara nka Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) na Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) zishobora kugaragara mu miryango. Nyamara, impuguke ntizisobanukiwe neza uburyo cyangwa impamvu bamwe barwara izi ndwara. Kandi, hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kugira uruhare, atari ingirabuzimafatizo gusa. Rero, kuba umubyeyi azifite ntibivuze ko umwana we azizungura.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi: iki si ikibazo "cy'ibyiza-kibi", ahubwo ni itandukaniro gusa!

Iyo tuvuze ku byerekeye 'imitsi isanzwe' na 'imitsi ihindagurika', ni ngombwa kwibuka ko ibi atari ikibazo cy' "ibisanzwe" n' "ibidasanzwe," cyangwa "byiza" na "bibi." Ni itandukaniro gusa. Kuba inzira imwe ni kimwe mu bigize uwo umuntu ari we, kandi ntabwo ari byo bigaragaza agaciro ke kuzuye.

Tekereza kuri ibi, bamwe bandika bakoresheje ukuboko kwabo kw'iburyo, abandi bakoresheje ibumoso. Ni itandukaniro gusa, kandi ntushobora kuvuga ko umwe ari mwiza cyangwa mubi kurusha undi. Ni kimwe n'ibi.

Niba uri umuntu usanzwe mu bwonko, ubwonko bwawe bushobora gukora mu buryo butandukanye n’ubw’umuntu ufite “imitsi itandukanye.” Ariko mwembi mufite byinshi muhuriyeho. Mwembi muri abantu, kandi mwembi mwifuza kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije.

Gushyigikira 'ubwonko butandukanye' no gushyiraho ibidukikije bibanogeye ni ingirakamaro kuri buri wese. Twese twagombye guharanira ko habaho umuryango aho 'ubwonko butandukanye' na 'ubwonko bwihariye' bishobora kugira ibyishimo kimwe.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Sawa, dore ibintu bimwe na bimwe ugomba kwibuka mu byo twavuze:

• 'Neurotypical' yerekeza ku buryo rusange ubwonko bw'abantu benshi bukura kandi bugakora. Si indwara y'uburwayi.
• IbiSi ikibazo cy' "ibisanzwe" ugereranije n' "ibidasanzwe" cyangwa "byiza" ugereranije n' "ibibi." Ni kimwe mu bice by'ubusumbane (ubwonko butandukanye) biri mu bwonko bw'umuntu.
• Kuba umuntu usanzwe mu bwonko bishobora kuba atari ikintu gisanzwe mu buzima bwe bwose. "Uburyo bwo gutandukana n'ubwonko busanzwe" bushobora gutera impinduka mu mikorere y'ubwonko bw'umuntu.
• Ababyeyi b'abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bashobora kubyara abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, naho ababyeyi bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bashobora kubyara abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe.
• Igikuru ni ukumva, kwemera no kubaha ibyo dutandukaniyeho. Twese twagombye kwiringira ko habaho umuryango wemerera abantu gutandukana no gufata abantu bose kimwe.

Rero, ndatekereza ko ubu usobanukiwe neza ijambo 'neurotypical'. Kumenya ibintu nk'ibi bidufasha gusobanukirwa neza.

` Imiterere y'ubwonko isanzwe, Ubudasa bw'ubwonko, Iterambere ry'ubwonko, Ubwonko busanzwe, Udutsiko tw'imitsi, Ubuzima bwo mu mutwe