Reka tumenye byinshi kuri Virusi ya Nipah. Ntutinye, reka tuganire!

Ushobora kuba warumvise iri jambo rishya mu makuru muri iyi minsi ryitwa 'Nipah Virus'. Bamwe bashobora kuba baratinye. Nipah ni iki mu by'ukuri? Itugiraho ingaruka ite? Ese izagira ingaruka no muri Sri Lanka? Reka tubiganireho birambuye, mu buryo bworoshye. Nta mpamvu yo gutinya, icy'ingenzi ni ukuba maso.

Virusi ya Nipah ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Virusi ya Nipah ni virusi ishobora kwanduzwa n'inyamaswa ikagera ku bantu . Mu buvuzi, tuyita "Virusi ya Zoonotic". Ikwirakwizwa ahanini n'udusimba tw'imbuto (hari n'abantu bayita "imbwebwe ziguruka"). Ariko, ishobora no kwanduzwa n'izindi nyamaswa nk'ingurube, ihene, amafarashi, imbwa n'injangwe.

Tekereza kuri ubu buryo, iyi virusi imeze nk'umuntu uhora yibeshya. Ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo kuva ahantu hamwe ujya ahandi.

Iyi virusi ya Nipah ikwirakwira ite?

Hari uburyo butatu bw'ingenzi ibi bikwirakwira. Reka tubivugeho neza.

1. Mu gukora ku mazi y'umubiri w'inyamaswa yanduye:

Ibi bivuze ko iyo amaraso, amacandwe cyangwa amacandwe y’inyamaswa ifite iyi virusi yinjiye mu mubiri w’umuntu muzima, iyi virusi ishobora kwinjira mu mubiri. Urugero, iyo umuntu ukorana bya hafi n’ingurube yanduye akoze ku nkari cyangwa amacandwe y’iyo nyamaswa kandi ntakaraba intoki neza, ashobora kwandura iyi virusi.

2. Niba uriye ibiryo byanduye n'inyamaswa yanduye:

Tekereza, niba agasimba karimo virusi kariye imbuto kakayijugunya hasi, cyangwa niba ikintu nk'inkari zako kigwa ku mbuto, maze imbuto zikaribwa zitakarabwe neza, virusi ishobora kwanduzanya. By'umwihariko, bivugwa ko umuntu agomba kwitondera imbuto mbisi z'ibiti by'imikindo n'imbuto zikomoka ku biti aho udusimba tuba.

3. Guhura hafi n'umuntu ufite virusi ya Nipah:

Uku ni ko ikwirakwira kuva ku muntu umwe kugera ku wundi . Ibi bikunze kubaho ku bantu bita ku murwayi. Kubera ko iyi virusi ishobora kwandurira abandi binyuze mu bintu nk'amacandwe y'umurwayi n'ibitonyanga bye bivuye mu kwitsamura. Niyo mpamvu mu bitaro hakoreshwa imyenda yihariye yo kwirinda.

Igikomeye ni uko ishobora no gukwirakwizwa mu mwuka binyuze mu bitonyanga bisohoka iyo umuntu urwaye virusi ya Nipah akorora cyangwa yitsamuye . Ibi bivuze ko iyo turi hafi yabo muri ibyo bihe, ibyo bitonyanga bishobora kwinjira mu buryo bwacu bw'ubuhumekero bigatera indwara.

Ni hehe virusi ya Nipah ikunze kugaragara cyane?

Virusi ya Nipah ikunze kugaragara mu bihugu bya Aziya, aho hafi buri mwaka abarwayi bayo bagaragara, cyane cyane muri Bangladesh no mu Buhinde .

Iyi virusi yavumbuwe bwa mbere mu 1999 mu cyorezo gikomeye cyabaye muri Maleziya na Singapuru . Icyo gihe, abantu barenga 100 bapfuye, ingurube ibihumbi amagana na zo zagombaga kwicwa. Kuva icyo gihe, hari izindi ndwara zigera kuri 20 zagaragaye.

Kubwibyo, niba ugiye mu bihugu nka Bangaladeshi, Maleziya, Singapuru, n'Ubuhinde, ugomba kwitonda cyane kuri ibi. Uretse ibi bihugu, hari n'ubwoko bw'udusimba dukwirakwiza iyi virusi mu bihugu nka Kamboje, Indoneziya, Madagasikari, Filipine, na Tayilande, bityo hashobora kubaho ibyago muri ibyo bihugu. Nubwo nta virusi ya Nipah yemejwe muri Sri Lanka, ni ngombwa cyane ko twese tubimenya.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya virusi ya Nipah?

Nyuma yo kwandura virusi ya Nipah, bishobora gufata iminsi iri hagati ya 4 na 14 kugira ngo ibimenyetso bigaragare. Hari igihe iki gihe gishobora kuba kirekire cyangwa kigufi.

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bishobora kugaragara ni ibi bikurikira:

• Umuriro
• Kuribwa umutwe cyane
• Guhumeka bigoranye
• Inkorora n'ububabare mu muhogo
• Impiswi
• Kuruka
• Kubabara umubiri no kunanirwa cyane

Akenshi, umuriro n'umutwe biza mbere. Hanyuma, ibimenyetso by'ubuhumekero nko gukorora no guhumeka bigoranye bigaragara.

Ibimenyetso biteje akaga cyane ni ibishobora kubaho iyo indwara ibaye ikomeye . Ibi bishobora gutera kwandura ubwonko (encephalitis) . Ibi bishyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Ibindi bimenyetso bikomeye:

• Urujijo no kubura kwibuka
• Imvugo idasobanutse neza (nk'ukuvuga nabi)
• Indwara zo mu mutwe
• Koma
• Ubuhumekero bukomeye buterwa no kubabara cyane

Abashakashatsi ntibaramenya neza impamvu bamwe bagira ibi bimenyetso byoroheje kandi bigakira, abandi bakabyihanganira cyane. Igitangaje ni uko hari abantu bashobora kuba bafite iyi virusi ariko ntibagaragaze ibimenyetso na gato .

Ni akaga gangana iki ku bantu?

Mu by’ukuri, virusi ya Nipah ni virusi ishobora kwica abantu. Nk’uko Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara muri Amerika (US CDC) kibitangaza, hagati ya 40% na 75% by’abantu bandura iyi ndwara bashobora gupfa . Iri gereranya riratandukanye bitewe n’igihugu, kandi riterwa n’uburyo inzego z’ubuzima ziteguye kurwanya icyorezo.

Ni iki gitera virusi ya Nipah?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, iyi ni virusi ituruka ku nyamaswa. Abantu ba mbere bagaragaye ko banduye ni abantu bahuye n'ingurube zanduye. Nyuma byaje kugaragara ko inkomoko y'iyi ndwara ari udusimba, kandi ko udusimba ari two twanduje iyi ndwara ku ngurube.

Mu magambo make, iyo agasimba cyangwa ingurube yanduye iretse amazi yayo y'umubiri (amacandwe, inkari, amase, amaraso) agakora ku yindi nyamaswa, iyo nyamaswa nayo izarwara iyi virusi. Ni ko bigenda no ku bantu. Iyo umuntu amaze kuyirwara, ashobora kuyitera undi muntu binyuze mu mazi ye y'umubiri.

Bivugwa kandi ko yandura binyuze mu biribwa no mu binyobwa. Ni ukuvuga ko ishobora kwandurira mu kurya imbuto ziribwa n'inyamaswa nk'udusimba, cyangwa mu kurya imbuto zaguyeho, nk'inkari n'amacandwe, n'umutobe w'amata. Abantu bakunze kuzamuka ibiti aho udusimba tuba twambaye nabo banduye iyi virusi.

Ni gute virusi ya Nipah ikwirakwira vuba?

Yego, virusi ya Nipah ni indwara yandura . Ikwirakwira mu bintu bitemba nk'amacandwe, amase n'amaraso. Ibi bivuze ko niba wita ku muntu urwaye virusi ya Nipah, ushobora kuyirwara iyo akorora cyangwa yitsamuye.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera ibyago?

Ingaruka nyamukuru zo kwandura iyi virusi ni uguhura n'udusimba twanduye, ingurube, n'abantu mu turere dukunze kugaragaramo virusi ya Nipah. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kwirinda amatungo arwaye uko bishoboka kose. Kunywa umutobe w'amatake mbisi no kurya imbuto zandujwe n'udusimba nabyo ni ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa na virusi ya Nipah?

Hari abantu bashobora kugira ibibazo by'igihe kirekire nyuma yo gukira. Urugero , indwara zo mu mutwe zishobora gukomeza kandi umuntu agahinduka mu miterere ye. Ku bantu bake cyane, ibimenyetso bishobora kutagaragara mu mezi cyangwa imyaka nyuma yo kwandura. Ibi biterwa nuko virusi ikomeza kuba mu mubiri. Abantu bamaze gukira indwara ya encephalite bashobora kongera kuyirwara.

Ni gute virusi ya Nipah ipimwa? `(Isuzuma)`

Muganga ashobora gukeka virusi ya Nipah arebye ibimenyetso byawe akakubaza niba uherutse kujya mu turere iyo virusi ibonekamo. Mu ntangiriro z'uburwayi, ikizamini cya `RT-PCR` (Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) gishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo hemezwe ko virusi ya Nipah ihari. Iki kizamini gikunze gukoresha ibi bikurikira:

• Ifu yo mu mazuru cyangwa mu muhogo
• Amazi yo mu bwonko (CSF)
• Ingero z'inkari
• Ingero z'amaraso

Iyi ndwara ishobora kumenyekana mu byiciro bya nyuma by’iyi ndwara cyangwa nyuma yo gukira hakoreshejwe gupima uturemangingo tw’umubiri mu maraso yawe. Ibi byitwa ikizamini cya ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) .

Virusi ya Nipah ivurwa ite ?

Ikibabaje ni uko nta miti yihariye igabanya ubukana bwa virusi ya Nipah iraboneka . Ibi bivuze ko uburyo bwo kuvura bugarukira ku kugenzura ibimenyetso gusa . Ibi bishobora kuba birimo:

• Kunywa amazi menshi.
• Kuruhuka neza.
• Kunywa imiti igabanya ububabare nka Paracetamol cyangwa Ibuprofen kugira ngo ugabanye umuriro.
• Gukoresha imiti yo kuvura isesemi no kuruka.
• Gukoresha imashini zihumeka cyangwa imashini zigabanya ububabare mu guhumeka.
• Niba ufite isereri, fata imiti yo kugabanya isereri.

Abashakashatsi barimo kwiga niba umuti witwa `Monoclonal Antibody Treatment` ushobora gukoreshwa mu kurwanya virusi ya Nipah, ariko uracyari mu cyiciro cy’ubushakashatsi.

Ese hari umuti wa virusi ya Nipah?

Oya, nta rukingo cyangwa umuti wihariye uhari ushobora gukiza burundu virusi ya Nipah.

Ese ushobora kurokoka uramutse urwaye virusi ya Nipah?

Yego, hari abantu bakira virusi ya Nipah. Ariko, nk'uko twabivuze mbere, hagati ya 40% na 75% by'abandura iyi ndwara barapfa . Iki ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane. Ibimenyetso bishobora kuva ku muriro muto cyane no kuribwa umutwe, kugeza ku kwandura k'ubwonko ndetse no gupfa.

Twakingirwa dute virusi ya Nipah? (Kwirinda)

Iki ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cyane. Niba utuye mu gace kanduye virusi ya Nipah, cyangwa ugiyeyo, ni ngombwa gukurikiza izi ngamba zo kwirinda:

• Karaba intoki zawe neza: Siga isabune hanyuma uhanagure intoki zawe byibuze amasegonda 20.
• Irinde ingurube n'udusimba turwaye.
• Komeza ko ubworozi bw'ingurube busukuye kandi bugashyirwamo imiti yica udukoko. Hita ushyira mu kato amatungo akekwaho ko afite virusi ako kanya.
• Irinde kumanika hafi y'ibiti n'ibihuru aho uducurama tuba twambaye.
• Irinde kurya ibiryo bishobora kuba byaranduye, cyane cyane umutobe w'amata, imbuto zaribwe n'udusimba, cyangwa imbuto zandujwe n'amase y'udusimba.
• Niba wongeyeho umutobe w'amata, banza ushyushye neza mbere yo kuwukoresha.
• Oza imbuto zose neza mbere yo kuzirya, ukureho uruhu, hanyuma urye.
• Kuraho imbuto zariwe n'udusimba n'imbuto zaguye hasi.
• Irinde ko habaho gukora ku macandwe, amaraso, n'andi matembabuzi y'umubiri w'umuntu ufite virusi.

Ingamba zo kurwanya ubwandu ni ubundi buryo bwo gufasha mu gukumira ikwirakwira rya virusi ya Nipah. Urugero, niba wita ku muntu ukekwaho kuba afite virusi ya Nipah, ugomba gukoresha ibikoresho byo kwirinda ku giti cyawe (PPE) .

`PPE` irimo:

• Amakanzu yihariye ashobora kurinda amazi yo mu mubiri (Kwishyira ukwayo cyangwa kwambara imyenda yose).
• Uturindantoki two kwa muganga.
• Ubwirinzi bw'amaso (nk'indorerwamo z'umutekano cyangwa indorerwamo z'amataratara)
• Udupfukamunwa two kwa muganga cyangwa utwo kubaga. Ubwoko bwa dupfukamunwa dukoreshwa bushobora gutandukana bitewe n'uburemere bw'icyorezo.

Abakozi bo mu bitaro no mu bigo nderabuzima bagomba gukurikiza amabwiriza asanzwe yo kurwanya ubwandu. Bagomba gukoresha imiti yica udukoko ikwiye kugira ngo basukure kandi basukure ahantu hose.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya virusi ya Nipah (nk'umuriro, kuribwa umutwe, guhumeka bigoranye), cyane cyane niba uherutse kujya mu gihugu gifite virusi ya Nipah, cyangwa niba waritaye ku muntu/inyamaswa ifite iyi virusi, jya kwa muganga vuba. Nubwo nta buryo bwihariye bwo kuyivura, ni ngombwa kumenya niba ufite iyi virusi kugira ngo uyirinde ko yakwirakwira mu bandi.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Virusi ya Nipah ni virusi ishobora guteza akaga cyane, ikwirakwizwa ahanini n'udusimba n'ingurube.

Igikuru ni ukuba maso kandi ukirinda, aho kugira ubwoba.

• Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda ibi ni ukwirinda amatungo arwaye , cyane cyane mu turere twagaragayemo ibyorezo.
• Nanone, irinde ibiryo n'ibinyobwa bishobora kwandura (cyane cyane imbuto n'umutobe w'imbuto mbisi zo mu gace kabamo udusimba).
• Kubera ko ishobora kwanduzwa n'umuntu umwe, witondere cyane iyo wegereye umuntu ufite virusi kandi ukurikize amabwiriza akenewe yo kwirinda.
• Niba uherutse kujya mu gace karwaye virusi ya Nipah ukagaragaza ibimenyetso nko kugira umuriro, kuribwa umutwe, no guhumeka bigoranye, shaka ubufasha kwa muganga vuba .

Twese nitubimenya kandi tugafata ingamba zikenewe, dushobora kwirinda ubwoko bw'iyi virusi. Niba ufite ibindi bibazo, ntutindiganye kuvugana na muganga.

Virusi ya Nipah , uducurama, ingurube, indwara z'amatungo, indwara zandura, indwara zandura, ibimenyetso, kwirinda