Tekereza urimo kurambura ukuboko kugira ngo unywe icyayi. Muri ako kanya, ukuboko kwawe gusa ni ko kugifata, igice gisigaye cy'umubiri wawe ntikigire icyo kigeraho, sibyo? Cyangwa ibyemezo bito ufata umunsi wose, ibyishimo wumva, ingeso zawe ... Ibi byose ni ingenzi cyane mu bwonko inyuma yabyo, ariko uyu munsi turimo kuvuga ku gice cyabyo tutavugaho cyane. Iki ni cyo cyitwa Basal Ganglia mu buvuzi. Nubwo izina ritangaje gato, imikorere yaryo iratangaje cyane.
Basal Ganglia ni iki?
Mu magambo make, ganglia y'ibanze ni uruhurirane rw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi mu gice cyo hagati cy'ubwonko bwawe. Si igice kimwe gusa, ahubwo ni uruhurirane rw'ibice byinshi. Ibi bice bifitanye isano kandi bifasha mu gutanga ubutumwa hagati y'ibice bitandukanye by'ubwonko. Ni nk'urubaho rugoye rw'amashanyarazi mu gikoresho cy'ikoranabuhanga. Uru rubaho ni rwo rutuma ibice bitandukanye by'ubwonko bihurira hamwe kandi bigakorana bigamije intego imwe.
Inshingano yayo nyamukuru ni ugucunga ibimenyetso biva mu bwonko kugira ngo bigendeshe imitsi yawe. Ariko ikora ibirenze ibyo.
Ni iki koko kirimo kuba muri ibi?
Ubushakashatsi buracyakomeje ku mikorere ya ganglia y'ibanze. Hari ibintu bishya bivumburwa hafi buri munsi. Ariko kugeza ubu, tuzi imirimo mike y'ingenzi.
Kugenzura ingendo
Iyi ni yo mikorere izwi cyane ya basal ganglia. Tuvuge ko ushaka gufata igitabo. Muri ako kanya, ubwonko bwawe bwohereza ikimenyetso ku mitsi iri mu ntoki zawe kigira kiti "Sawa, fata igitabo ubu ngubu." Iki kimenyetso kinyura muri basal ganglia mbere yo kujya mu mitsi.
Ganglia y'ibanze ikora nk'umurinzi w'irembo. Ireba ibimenyetso by'ingendo biva mu bwonko hanyuma ikabyemera, ikavuga iti "Sawa, iki kimenyetso ni cyo, tugomba kucyohereza." Cyangwa ikabyanga, ikavuga iti "Oya, iki ni ikimenyetso kidakenewe, tugomba kugihagarika."
Iyi gahunda yo kuyungurura ni ingenzi cyane. Kuko ari yo idufasha gukora ingendo dushaka gusa, neza, nta gutitira bitari ngombwa. Bitabaye ibyo, iyo urambura ukuboko kwawe, ijosi ryawe ryazunguruka, ukuguru kwawe kwarambura, kandi wagira ingendo zidasanzwe. Rero, ikibaho hano ni uko duhagarika ingendo zidakenewe maze tukemera ko ingendo zikenewe gusa zikorwa neza .
Agatsiko k'inyuma k'umubiri (basal ganglia) kandi gahabwa amakuru aturutse ku byumviro byacu bitanu (amaso, amatwi, izuru, ururimi, n'uruhu). Gashobora kandi gukoresha aya makuru kugira ngo kanoze ingendo zacu.
Gufata ibyemezo n'amarangamutima
Uretse kugenda, ganglia y'ibanze inafasha kugenzura gufata ibyemezo, gusuzuma ibyago, amarangamutima, n'ubushake. Ibi bivuze ko iyo wize ikintu gishya, ukagira ingeso, kandi ugategura kandi ugashyira mu bikorwa igikorwa, ganglia y'ibanze iba ifite uruhare muri ibi byose.
Ibyishimo, ibiyobyabwenge n'ingeso mbi
Iyo ukoze ikintu runaka, wumva ufite ibihembo, si byo se? Ganglia y'ibanze nayo igira uruhare mu mikorere y'ibinyabutabire mu bwonko bitanga ibyo byishimo. Nanone, kubera ko igenzura ingeso n'ubushake bwo gukora ikintu runaka, imikorere y'iki gice igira ingaruka no ku buzima nko kuba imbata y'ibiyobyabwenge n'ibindi bintu . Iyo ikintu kiguhaye ibyishimo, ubwonko bwacu bushishikarira kugikora kenshi. Ganglia y'ibanze ni ikigo cy'ingenzi kigenzura iki gikorwa.
Ibi biri he mu bwonko? Ibi bice ni ibihe?
Ganglia y'ibanze iherereye mu bwonko, hafi y'aho ubwonko buherereye. Twavuze ko iyi atari imiterere imwe. Ifite ibice byinshi by'ingenzi. Reka turebere hamwe ibyo bice mu mbonerahamwe iri hepfo.
| Igice kinini cya ganglia y'ibanze | Intangiriro yoroshye |
|---|---|
| Umubiri wa Caudate | Igira uruhare mu bikorwa bijyanye no kwiga no kwibuka. |
| Putamen | Bifasha mu kugenga ingendo n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kwiga. |
| Globus pallidus | Igice cy'ingenzi cyo kugenzura ingendo z'ubushake. |
| Igice cya Subthalamike | Kugira uruhare mu kugenzura ingendo no gufata ibyemezo. |
| Substantia nigra | Ikora ikinyabutabire cyitwa dopamine, ari cyo kintu cy'ingenzi mu kwishimisha no kugenzura ingendo. |
Ibi bice birahujwe, bimwe birashyuha ibindi birabuza umubiri. Iyi nzira igoye niyo ituma umubiri wacu ugenzurwa neza.
Ibi bikozwe mu ki?
Ganglia y'ibanze igizwe n'ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo mu mitsi.
1. Uturemangingo tw’imitsi: Izi ni "intumwa" z’imitsi yacu. Utu turemangingo dutwara ibimenyetso hirya no hino mu bwonko no ku mubiri. Hari ibice byinshi by’ingenzi by’uturemangingo tw’imitsi.
- Umubiri w'ingirabuzimafatizo: Igice cy'ingenzi cy'ingirabuzimafatizo.
- Axon: Igice kirekire, gisa n'ukuboko gituruka ku mubiri w'ingirabuzimafatizo. Niho ibimenyetso bijyanwa.
- Dendrites: Imiterere mito, ifite amashami yakira ibimenyetso bivuye ku zindi neuron.
- Myeline: Agakoresho k'ibinure gakikije axon zimwe na zimwe gafasha ibimenyetso kugenda vuba.
2. Uturemangingo twa Glial: Utwo turemangingo ni nk'"uturemangingo tw'abafasha" kuri neuron. Nubwo tudatanga ibimenyetso mu buryo butaziguye, dufasha kugaburira, kurinda no kubungabunga imikorere myiza ya neuron. Hari uturemangingo twa Glial twinshi incuro icumi kurusha neuron mu mitsi yacu.
Ni izihe ndwara zigira ingaruka ku ganglia y'ibanze?
Kubera ko bikora imirimo nk'iyo y'ingenzi, kwangirika kwa basal ganglia bishobora gutera indwara zitandukanye. Zimwe muri zo ushobora kuba warumvise.
| Icyiciro cy'indwara | Ingero |
|---|---|
| Indwara zo kugenda | Indwara ya Parkinson, indwara ya Huntington, indwara ya Tourette |
| Ibibazo byo mu mutwe no mu myitwarire | Ibiyobyabwenge, Indwara yo kudakora neza mu mutwe (ADHD), indwara ya Alzheimer |
| Izindi mpamvu | Ubwonko, ibibyimba byo mu bwonko, ibikomere byo mu mutwe, uburozi bwa monoxide ya karubone, uburozi bw'ibyuma biremereye, zimwe mu ndwara zandurira mu bwonko |
Ibimenyetso bisanzwe bishobora guterwa n'ikibazo cy'agatsiko k'inyuma
Ibimenyetso byo kwangirika kuri aka gace bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'indwara isanzwe, ariko hari ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bikunze kugaragara:
- Gutakaza uburinganire n'ibibazo byo guhuza ibikorwa.
- Gucika intege mu mitsi cyangwa gufungana bitunguranye (kubabara mu mutwe).
- Guhinda umushyitsi , cyane cyane iyo uri kuruhuka.
- Ubumuga bwo kutabona neza.
- Inkuru iba urujijo cyangwa idasobanutse neza.
Ni gute ugenzura ubuzima bw'ibi?
Muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ko upimwa ibipimo bitandukanye bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe.
- Ibipimo by'amaraso: Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ibintu nk'uburozi mu mubiri, ibyuma biremereye (nk'umuringa na mercure), hamwe n'ibibazo by'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.
- Gupima CT na MRI: Ibi bishobora gufata amashusho asobanutse neza y'ubwonko no kureba impinduka iyo ari yo yose mu miterere yabwo, ibyangiritse biturutse ku kibyimba, cyangwa indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi.
- EEG (Electroencephalogram): Ikizamini gipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ubwonko.
- Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo: Kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara z'uruhererekane nk'indwara ya Huntington.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura izi ndwara zifitanye isano?
Uburyo bwo kuvura bushingira ku ndwara yawe bwite. Nta buryo bumwe bwo kuvura bushobora kuba bwiza kuri bose. Umuti w'indwara imwe ushobora kongera indi.
Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zivurwa n'imiti. Mu bihe bikomeye cyane, kubagwa bishobora kuba ngombwa. Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zidashobora gukira. Muri ibyo bihe, abaganga bazagerageza kugenzura ibimenyetso byawe no kugufasha kugumana ubuzima bwiza uko bishoboka kose. Kubwibyo, ni muganga wawe wenyine ushobora kugena uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura indwara yawe.
Ni iki twakora kugira ngo ganglia y'ibanze ikomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza?
Nubwo tudashobora gukumira indwara zose zifata ganglia y’ibanze, hari byinshi dushobora gukora kugira ngo tugabanye ibyago byacu. Mu by’ukuri, ibintu bimwe dukora kugira ngo ubwonko n’umubiri bikomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza muri rusange ni ingenzi.
- Kurya indyo yuzuye:Kubura vitamine n'imyunyu ngugu cyangwa ibirenze urugero bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mitsi. Nanone, indyo yuzuye ishobora gufasha imiyoboro y'amaraso kugumana ubuzima bwiza. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu kwirinda indwara nka stroke.
- Komeza gukora siporo kandi ukomeze kugira ibiro byiza: Gukora siporo no gukomeza kugira ibiro byiza bishobora gufasha kwirinda indwara zishobora kwangiza ubwonko, nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.
- Ambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda: Ibi ni ingenzi cyane! Gukomereka mu mutwe, cyane cyane kubabara mu mutwe, bishobora kwangiza burundu agakoko k'inyuma. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kwambara ingofero zo kwirinda, nk'ingofero, mugihe ugendera ku magare, kuri moto, mu mikino imwe n'imwe, ndetse no mu mirimo iteje akaga.
- Gucunga indwara zawe zidakira: Niba ufite indwara y'igihe kirekire nka diyabete cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe kandi ufate imiti yawe uko wabitegetswe. Kubikora bishobora gufasha gukumira cyangwa kugenzura ingaruka izi ndwara zishobora guteza ku bwonko bwawe.
Ganglia y'ibanze ni igice gitangaje kandi cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ubwonko bwacu. Abahanga mu bya siyansi baracyacyiga. Ariko icyo tuzi ni uko iki gice gito gikora ku bice hafi ya byose by'ubuzima bwacu. Rero ni inshingano zacu kuyitaho no kuyibungabunga.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Ganglia y'ibanze ni uruhurirane rw'ingingo z'ingenzi ziri mu bwonko zigenzura ingendo zacu, gufata ibyemezo, ingeso zacu n'amarangamutima yacu.
- Kwangirika k'ako gace bishobora gutera indwara nka Parkinson, gutigita no kugorwa no kugenda, ndetse n'ibibazo by'imyitwarire nko kuba umuntu ukunda kwishora mu bintu bidasanzwe.
- Ubuzima bwiza (indyo nziza, imyitozo ngororamubiri) cyane cyane kurinda ibikomere byo mu mutwe ni ingenzi kugira ngo ganglia y'ibanze ikore neza.
- Niba ufite ibimenyetso nko gutigita k'umubiri, ibibazo byo kuringaniza imiterere y'umubiri, cyangwa kugorwa no kuvuga, hita ubonana na muganga wawe kugira ngo agusobanurire.
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