Ese uzi amagufwa mato yo mu gutwi kwawe? (Amagufwa yo mu matwi) Reka tuvuge kuri aya magufwa!

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo wumva amajwi yose neza? Ibi biterwa n'uduce duto ariko tw'ingenzi cyane turi mu matwi yacu. Utwo duce duto twitwa ossicles . Mu by'ukuri aya ni atatu mu magufwa mato mu mubiri wacu. Uyu munsi, turaganira birambuye kuri izi ossicles, imikorere yazo, n'ibibazo zishobora gutera.

Osicles ni iki? Ziherereye he?

Mu magambo make, utunyangingo ni amagufwa atatu mato mu gutwi kwawe ko hagati . Afatanye nk'aho ari umugozi. Aya magufwa atatu ni:

1. Malleus: Iyi nanone yitwa "inyundo" kuko ifite ishusho nk'inyundo.

2. Incus: Iyi nanone yitwa "anvil". Ikora nk'invil ikubise inyundo.

3. Stapes: Iri ni igufwa rito cyane mu mubiri wacu. Rinatwa "umugozi" kuko usa n'ifarashi ifite imiterere nk'intebe.

Tekereza ukuntu aya magufwa atatu ari mato! Ariko iyo tutayagira, ntitwashoboraga kumva ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose neza. Uru ruhererekane rw'uturemangingo rwarangirira ku ruhu rwawe rw'amatwi (membrane ya tympanic) . Uru ruhererekane rw'amatwi ni uruhererekane ruto ruri hagati y'ugutwi kwawe kw'inyuma n'ukw'imbere. Uruhererekane rw'uturemangingo rurangirira ku ruhu rwo mu gutwi kwawe kw'imbere .

Niba ugiye mu buryo bwimbitse gato...

• Malleus: Uruhande rumwe rw'iyi rufatanye n'umugongo w'amatwi. Iyo umugongo w'amatwi unyeganyega, na malleus iranyeganyega. Urundi ruhande rwa malleus rufatanye n'umugongo w'amatwi.
• Incus: Iyi ni nk'umuhuza hagati ya malleus na stapes. Akamaro ka incus ni ukwakira imitingito iva kuri malleus no kuyigeza kuri stapes.
• Stapes: Aka gagufwa gato gafata imitingito iva muri incus kakayisunika ahantu hitwa idirishya ry’urugi , ubwoko bw’urugi ruri mu gahu k’inyuma k’ugutwi.

Ese ubu usobanukiwe uburyo iyi mikorere ntoya ari ingenzi kandi igoye?

Amasasu akora ate? Ni gute adufasha kumva amajwi?

Noneho reka turebe uburyo aya magufwa mato yitwa ossicles adufasha kumva ijwi. Ni nk'uruhererekane rw'amajwi .

1. Ubwa mbere, imiraba y'amajwi iturutse hanze yinjira mu gutwi kwawe ikagera ku mugongo w'amatwi yawe. Umugongo w'amatwi utangira kunyeganyega . Nk'uko iyo uvuze ingoma, iranyeganyega.

2. Igufwa rya malleus , rifatanye n'igufwa ry'amatwi, naryo rigenda rihindagurika.

3. Iyo malleus yimutse, igufwa rya incus, riyifatanye na ryo, na ryo riragenda.

4. Hanyuma, incus yohereza uku kuzunga ku igufwa rya stapes .

5. Igufwa rya stapes risunika uku kunyeganyega mu idirishya ry'urukiramende rw'inyuma mu gutwi.

Igikuru ni uko iyo imitingito y'amajwi inyuze muri uru ruhererekane rw'amajwi, irushaho kwiyongera . Ni ukuvuga ko ikirahure cyakira ikimenyetso gikomeye cy'amajwi kurusha ikimenyetso cy'amajwi kiva mu gutwi. Niyo mpamvu dushobora kumva n'amajwi yoroshye neza.

Ifu y'umusatsi irimo amazi n'uturemangingo tw'umusatsi twihuta cyane. Imitingito ituruka kuri stapes ijyana aya mazi, ikangura uturemangingo tw'umusatsi. Utu turemangingo tw'umusatsi duhindura imitingito y'amajwi mo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi hanyuma tukayohereza mu bwonko. Ubwonko busobanura ayo majwi bukatubwira buti: "Oh, iryo ni ijwi ritungura."

Tekereza, ibi byose bibaho mu kanya gato! Biratangaje, si byo se?

Ni izihe ndwara n'indwara zikunze kwibasira ossicles?

Iyo hari ikibazo kuri aya magufwa mato, imitingito y'amajwi ntijya mu gutwi neza, ibyo bikaba byatera gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kumva . Zimwe mu ndwara zigira ingaruka ku magufwa arimo:

• Uturemangingo tw’inyuma: Ni gake cyane, abana bamwe bavuka badafite iguru, idakura neza, cyangwa ikura cyane. Hari igihe aya magufwa ashobora kudahuza neza, cyangwa akaba atandukanye cyane cyangwa agahuzwa.
• Otosclerosis: Ibi bibaho igihe imwe muri ossicles (ubusanzwe igufwa rya stapes) ifata ku ngingo ziyikikije kandi ntishobore kugenda neza, nk'aho yafatiwe mu murambo.
• Cholesteatoma: Muri ibi, uturemangingo tw'uruhu twiyongera mu gutwi ko hagati, tugakora ikibyimba. Ibi bishobora kwangiza utunyangingo tw'uruhu no kugabanya ingendo zatwo.
• Indwara zo mu matwi yo hagati zidakira: Indwara zo mu matwi zidakira zishobora gutuma ugutwi ko hagati kubyimba, kuzura amazi, no kubangamira ingendo z'uturemangingo. Iyo bidavuwe neza, bishobora kwangirika burundu.
• Gucika k'umunyururu w'amagufwa: Iyo habayeho imvune ikomeye ku mutwe, uru ruhererekane rw'amagufwa rushobora gucika cyangwa gucika. Ibi bibuza ko imitingito yakwirakwira neza. Uru ruhererekane rushobora kandi gucika bitewe n'ibibyimba bidasanzwe (ibibyimba) cyangwa indwara zidakira zo mu matwi.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bigaragara muri iki kibazo?

Niba hari ikibazo ku magufwa yawe, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso nk'ibi:

• Kubura amatwi mu matwi amwe cyangwa yombi, kutumva neza, cyangwa kutumva na gato.
• Kumva urusaku rw'amajwi mu matwi (tinnitus) .
• Kubabara ugutwi.
• Amazi ameze nk'ibibyimba arimo gusohoka mu gutwi.
• Kumva uburemere cyangwa ibyuzuye mu matwi amwe cyangwa yombi.
• Ibibazo byo kuringaniza (harimo niba iyo ndwara igira ingaruka ku ruhu rw'amatwi , ari narwo rutuma habaho kuringaniza).

Niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso, nta kabuza ugomba kujya kwa muganga .

Ni ibihe bizamini bikorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane niba hari ikibazo kuri ossicles?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, ashobora kugusuzuma ugutwi. Ibipimo bikurikira bikunze gukorwa:

• Gupima mu gutwi: Ibi bikubiyemo kureba mu gutwi kwawe ukoresheje igikoresho gito ("otoscope") gifite urumuri. Ibi bishobora gusuzuma ibintu nk'umugongo w'amatwi, amazi ari mu gutwi ko hagati, n'ubwandu.
• Ibizamini byo kumva (Audiometry): Ibi bizamini bishobora kumenya uburyo wumva neza n'amajwi udashobora kumva.
• Ikizamini cya Tympanometry: Iki gipima ingendo z'umugongo w'amatwi n'umuvuduko mu gutwi ko hagati, bigatanga igitekerezo cy'uko hari amazi mu gutwi ko hagati cyangwa ikibazo kiri mu matwi.
• Gupima CT: Hari igihe, gupima CT bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe neza ibyangiritse kuri ossicles, aho ziherereye, n'imiterere y'ingingo zikikije.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi bibazo bifitanye isano n'imisemburo?

Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'indwara ufite. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura burimo:

• Antibiyotike: Iyo ikibazo cyatewe n'ubwandu bwa bagiteri, imiti igabanya ubukana ishobora gutangwa kugira ngo ikivurwe.
• Utwuma tw’amatwi: Niba ufite ubumuga bwo kutumva, ushobora gukoresha utwuma tw’amatwi kugira ngo tugufashe kumva neza.
• Kubagwa: Hari ubwo kubagwa bishobora kuba ngombwa, urugero nko gukuraho ikibyimba nka cholesteatoma, gukuraho igufwa ryafashwe mu gihe cy'indwara ya otosclerosis, cyangwa kongera gutunganya ossicles zavunitse/zimenetse (ossiculoplasty).

Wibuke ko gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare no kuyivura ari ingenzi cyane. Ibi bizafasha mu kwirinda kwangirika burundu.

Ni gute twakomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza mu matwi yacu?

Ikintu cyiza wakora kugira ngo utu dusimba duto cyane tw’amatwi yawe tugumane ubuzima bwiza ni ugufata ingamba zo kwirinda indwara zo mu matwi no gushaka inama z’abaganga vuba niba ubonye impinduka mu matwi yawe.

• Irinde ko amazi yinjira mu matwi yawe. Witondere igihe wiyuhagira cyangwa woga.
• Mu gihe usukura amatwi yawe, ntugashyire ibintu nk'udupira tw'ipamba mu matwi yawe kuko bishobora kwangiza umuhogo w'amatwi yawe.
• Iyo urwaye ibicurane cyangwa grippe, menya neza ko bitagize ingaruka ku matwi yawe.
• Koresha utumashini two guteresha amatwi iyo uri ahantu havugiwe cyane.

Indwara nyinshi zigira ingaruka ku matwi zishobora kuvurwa no gukira. Ariko, iyo kuvurwa bitinze, bishobora kwangirika igihe kirekire. Rero, jya kwa muganga ukimara kubona impinduka n'imwe mu matwi yawe.

Hanyuma, hari ibintu bike byo kwibuka

Amagufwa ya osicles ni ikiremwa gitangaje mu mibiri yacu. Umurimo ukomeye aya magufwa atatu mato akora hamwe ni wo utuma twumva kandi tukishimira amajwi atandukanye yo ku isi.

Ossicles ni amagufwa atatu mato yitwa malleus, incus, na stapes. Aherereye mu gutwi ko hagati kandi agafata imivuduko y'amajwi iva mu gutwi, akayazamura, hanyuma akayohereza muri cochlea iri mu gutwi ko imbere. Aho ngaho, imivuduko ihinduka ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bijya mu bwonko, bigatuma dusobanukirwa amajwi.

Rero, fata neza amatwi yawe. Niba ufite ibibazo byo kutumva, ntubyirengagize kandi ushake inama kwa muganga ako kanya. Hanyuma izi ntwari eshatu zizakomeza kugufasha kumva amajwi y'isi!

Amagufwa y'ugutwi , utunyangingo, malleus, incus, stapes, kumva, umugongo w'amatwi, gutakaza amatwi, ugutwi ko hagati, ugutwi kw'imbere, cochlea