Ese umwana wawe asa n'aho ari mu rujijo iyo uvuga? Reka tuvuge ku ndwara yo mu bwonko bwo mu matwi (ANSD)!

Ese umwana wawe ntabwo yumva neza iyo uvuga? Cyangwa wumva asa n'aho arimo kwitiranya n'ibyo uvuga? Hari igihe hashobora kubaho itandukaniro mu buryo abana bato bumva amajwi. Muri ibyo bihe, indwara yitwa Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder, cyangwa (ANSD) mu magambo ahinnye, ishobora kuba intandaro. Ntugahangayike, reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye.

Iki ni iki (Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder - ANSD)?

Mu magambo make, amatwi yacu ni yo atuma twumva amajwi atuzengurutse. Hanyuma, ahindura ayo majwi mo ubutumwa ubwonko bushobora kumva hanyuma akayohereza mu bwonko. Ariko, hari igihe ubwo butumwa buvangwa iyo bugeze mu bwonko, cyangwa ntibugere aho bugera na gato. Ibyo ni byo twita Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder, cyangwa (ANSD).

Dore bimwe mu bintu bishobora kuba ku bana bafite iyi ndwara (ANSD):

• Bishobora kugorana gutandukanya ijwi rimwe n'irindi.
• Ushobora kuba utabasha kumva neza icyo umuntu avuga.
• Bishobora kumvikana nk'aho wumva ijwi hanyuma ukaritakaza mu buryo butunguranye .
• Bishobora gusa nkaho ibyo wumva umunsi umwe atari byo wumva umunsi ukurikiyeho, bivuze ko ibyo wumva bihinduka .

Ariko hari inkuru nziza. Ndetse n'abana bafite iyi ndwara (ANSD) bashobora kunoza ubumenyi bwabo mu rurimi no kuvugana neza n'abandi bakoresheje ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi bikwiye, uburyo bwo kuvura, n'uburyo bwo kuvugana n'abantu hakoreshejwe ibimenyetso by'amaso (ni ukuvuga uburyo bwo kuvugana hakoreshejwe ibimenyetso by'amaso).

Kuki ibi (ANSD) bibaho? Ni izihe mpamvu?

Impamvu nyamukuru y’iyi ndwara (ANSD) ni ukwangirika ahantu runaka mu mitsi yo kumva , igice cy’imbere mu gutwi kitwa cochlea (gikusanya amajwi kigakora ubutumwa) hamwe n’ubwonko.

Abana nk'aba bafite amahirwe make yo kurwara indwara ya ANSD:

• Ku bana bavutse mbere y'itariki yo kwibaruka (abana bavutse mbere y'igihe).
• Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wigeze kugira iyi ndwara (ANSD) mbere.
• Iyo indwara y'umuhondo ikabije igaragaye igihe umwana avuka.
• Iyo nta mwuka uhagije uhari mbere cyangwa nyuma yo kubyara ((umwuka muke)) .
• Hari imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora kwangiza ibice by'umubiri biri mu gutwi cyangwa imitsi yo kumva. Niba umwana yarahawe iyo miti .
• Niba ufite indwara zimwe na zimwe za genetiki cyangwa indwara z'imitsi , nk'indwara ya Charcot Marie Tooth.
• Niba ufite igikomere gikomeye ku mutwe .

Wamenya ute ko ufite (ANSD)? Ni ibihe bimenyetso?

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutangira ku myaka iyo ari yo yose. Ariko, abana benshi bavukana iyi ndwara (ANSD). Ibibazo byo kutumvaBishobora kuva ku byoroheje kugeza ku bikomeye. Igitangaje ni uko abana bamwe bashobora kumva amajwi bisanzwe ariko bakagorwa no gusobanukirwa neza ibivugwa.

Aba bana bashobora gutsinda ikizamini cyo gupima amatwi y'abana bavutse, ariko uko igihe kigenda gihita ni ko bagenda bamenya ko bafite ibibazo byo kumva.

Wite kuri ibi bintu mu mwaka wa mbere w'umwana wawe.

Reba niba umwana wawe yakira neza izi ntambwe zo kumva mu mwaka wa mbere w'ubuzima bwe. Bitabaye ibyo, ni byiza kuvugana na muganga.

• Uruhinja ruvutse : Ese rutungurwa cyangwa "rura" iyo rutunguwe n'urusaku rwinshi?
• Mu mezi agera kuri atatu : Ese umwana wawe amenya ijwi rya nyina cyangwa rya se? Ese ahindukiza umutwe we muri ubwo buryo?
• Ku mezi agera kuri 6 : Ese umwana wawe ahindukiza amaso ye cyangwa umutwe we muri urwo cyerekezo iyo yumvise ijwi rishya? Ese asubiramo amajwi nka "uh" na "ah"?
• Mu mezi agera kuri 12 (umwaka umwe) : Ese umwana wawe avuga amajwi mato kandi adafite icyo avuze (amajwi asa n'ayasakuza)? Ese umwana wawe asubiza iyo umuvuze izina? Ese umwana wawe agerageza kwigana amagambo? Ese umwana wawe avuga amagambo make, nka "mama" na "bye-bye"?

Umwana wawe amaze gukura gato, reba niba afite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso.

Uko umwana wawe agenda akura, ashobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso nk'ibi niba afite ikibazo cyo kutumva:

• Imvugo iba nke, ntisobanutse neza, cyangwa ntivugwa na gato .
• Ese wumva utumvise cyangwa ko udakurikiza amabwiriza ?
• Ese iyo uvuzwe bisanzwe ntusubiza, cyangwa utanga ibisubizo bidafite aho bihuriye n'ibyo uvuze ?
• Ese uhura n'ibibazo byoroshye iyo hari urusaku rwinshi hirya no hino?
• Urashaka kongera ijwi kuri televiziyo cyane ?
• Ese ufite ubumuga bwo kwiga ?

Niba ufite gushidikanya ku mwana wawe ku kintu nk'iki, ugomba kuvugana na muganga. Icyo ni cyo kintu cyiza cyo gukora.

Wamenya ute neza niba ufite (ANSD)?

Umuganga w’amatwi ni we muntu wenyine ushobora gusuzuma neza ANSD. Ni we ukora ibizamini byihariye kandi agafasha abantu bafite ibibazo byo kutumva. Hari ibizamini byinshi by’ingenzi bishobora gufasha gusuzuma ANSD:

Ibi bizamini ni ibihe?

• Ikizamini cyo gusohora imyuka ya otoacoustique (OAE) : Iki kizamini gipima uburyo igice cy'imbere cy'ugutwi cyitwa cochlea gikora neza. Ibi bikorwa umwana asinziriye cyangwa yicaye atuje. Utwuma duto two mu matwi dushyirwa mu gutwi hanyuma ijwi ryoroheje, nk'ijwi ryo gukanda, rikagaragara. Hanyuma, igisubizo kiva mu gutwi imbere gipimwa hakoreshejwe utudomo duto twitwa electrodes.
• Ikizamini cyo gusubiza ubwonko mu mutwe (ABR): Ibi bipima neza kandi neza uburyo ijwi riva mu gutwi rinyura mu mitsi yo kumva rigana mu gice cy'ubwonko, giherereye mu nsi y'ubwonko. Niba amakuru atajya mu bwonko neza, iki kizamini kizabigaragaza. Ubusanzwe, niba ikizamini cya (OAE) ari gisanzwe, kandi ikizamini cya (ABR) kidatanga igisubizo kinini cyane cyangwa nta na kimwe gitanga, bibaza ko hari amahirwe menshi yo kurwara (ANSD).
• Ikizamini cya "reflex miscle muffale" (MEMR) : Hari umutsi muto mu gutwi kwacu wiyongera iyo twumvise ijwi rirenga. Niyo mpamvu witwa (MEMR). Muri iki kizamini, agace gato k'umukandara gashyirwa mu gutwi hanyuma ijwi rirenga rikoherezwa. Hakoreshwa imashini kugira ngo harebwe uko uyu mutsi witabira ijwi. Ku mwana ufite (ANSD), iki gikorwa ntikibaho ku majwi menshi, cyangwa ngo hagire ijwi rirenga cyane kurusha umuntu usanzwe kugira ngo umuntu agire icyo akora.

Gahunda zo gupima amatwi y'abana bavutse zishobora gukoresha ubwoko bworoshye bw'ibi bizamini (OAE) na (ABR). Ariko, kugira ngo bipime neza (ANSD), ibi bizamini bigomba gukorwa byuzuye.

Ni ibihe bipimo bindi bishobora gukenerwa?

Nyuma yo gupimwa (ANSD), umwana ashobora gukenera gukorerwa ibindi bipimo byinshi:

• Ikizamini cya (MRI) : Kureba niba hari ikibazo kiri mu gutwi kandi niba hari imitsi yo kumva mu matwi yombi.
• Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo : Kugira ngo harebwe niba iyi ndwara (ANSD) ari kimwe mu bigize indwara y'uturemangingo.
• Gupima indwara z'imitsi : Reba ibindi bibazo by'imitsi.
• Gupima amaso : Ibibazo byo kumva n'ibibazo byo kutabona akenshi birajyana. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kubonana n'umuganga w'amaso mu gihe umwana urwaye ANSD agaragaye.

Iyo ndwara (ANSD) ivurwa ite?

Abana bafite ANSD bavurwa n'itsinda ry'inzobere . Ibi bivuze ko inzobere mu by'amatwi (inzobere mu by'amatwi, amazuru n'umuhogo), inzobere mu by'imitsi n'imitsi (inzobere mu by'indwara zo mu mutwe n'imitsi), inzobere mu by'imivugire n'imitsi (inzobere mu by'imivugire n'imitsi), n'inzobere mu by'uburezi bakorana kugira ngo bategure gahunda nziza yo kuvura.

Ubuvuzi buterwa n'ibintu byinshi, harimo imyaka y'umwana, igice cy'imitsi yo kumva kidakora neza, ndetse n'uburemere bw'ikibazo cyo kutumva.

Akenshi, aba bana bungukira cyane mu gukoresha ibikoresho by’ubufasha mu gutega amatwi. Hamwe n’ibyo bikoresho, gukomeza kuvura no kuvuga kugira ngo byongere ubumenyi bw’umwana mu kuvuga no gutega amatwi ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kugera ku musaruro .

Ni ibihe bikoresho by'ingirakamaro?

• Sisitemu zo guhindura frequency (FM): Iyi sisitemu (FM) igabanya urusaku rudakenewe rukukikije kandi igatuma ijwi ry'umuvugizi (urugero, iry'umwarimu) ryumvikana neza kandi cyane. Umuvugizi yambara mikoro nto na (transmitter). Iyi (transmitter) yohereza ikimenyetso cy'ikoranabuhanga ku (receiver) umwana yambara mu gutwi kwe cyangwa ifatanye neza na (hearing aid). Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane mu mashuri no mu bindi bice by'urusaku kuko ishobora gutwarwa hirya no hino.
• Imfasha kumva : Iyi ikoreshwa mu kongera ijwi rigera mu gutwi. Bamwe mu bana bafite ANSD bashobora kungukirwa n'imfasha kumva, cyane cyane iyo ikoreshejwe hamwe na sisitemu ya FM twavuze mbere. Ariko, imfasha kumva zonyine ntizifasha cyane abana bafite ANSD , kuko zongerera ijwi gusa.
• Itera ry'ingufu zo mu matwi : Ku bana bamwe na bamwe bafite ANSD, cyane cyane abatabona ubufasha buhagije buturuka ku byuma bifasha kumva, itera ry'ingufu zo mu matwi ni amahitamo meza. Iki ni igikoresho kibagwa mu gutwi . Kinyura mu bice by'ugutwi bidakora neza kandi kigatera imbaraga imitsi yo kumva. Iyo bitojwe neza kandi bigakomeza kuvurwa, abana bafite itera ry'ingufu zo mu matwi bashobora kwiga kumva neza no kuvuga neza.

Ni iki kindi wifuza kumenya?

Uretse gukoresha ibikoresho byo kumva, abana bafite ANSD bashobora no kwiga ubuhanga bwo kuvugana n'abantu bakoresheje amaso, ari na bwo buryo bwo kuvugana bakoresheje ibyo babona n'amaso yabo.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gutumanaho hakoreshejwe amashusho?

• Ururimi rw'amarenga : Uru ni ururimi rwihariye. Rufite ikibonezamvugo cyarwo, amagambo, n'imiterere y'interuro. Rwagenewe gukoreshwa aho gukoreshwa mu rurimi ruvugwa.
• Imvugo ikoreshejwe : Ibi bikubiyemo umuvugizi ukora ibimenyetso by'intoki mu munwa. Ibi bimenyetso by'intoki bifasha uwumva gutandukanya inyuguti zisa (urugero, 'ব' na 'প', cyangwa 'ম' na 'ব'). Imvugo ikoreshejwe mu rurimi urwo arirwo rwose, kandi ni ingirakamaro cyane ku miryango ivuga indimi ebyiri.
• Gusinya Icyongereza Nyacyo (REBA) : Ubu ni uburyo bw'ururimi rw'amarenga bukoresha Icyongereza kimwe kivugwa kimwe, ijambo ku rindi. Bufite kandi ibice by'ururimi rw'amarenga, ariko imiterere y'interuro n'ikibonezamvugo byakuwe mu Cyongereza.

Cued Speech na SEE byombi bihindura ibivugwa mu buryo butaziguye. Byombi byagenewe gukoreshwa hamwe n'ururimi ruvugwa kugira ngo bigufashe gusobanukirwa neza ibintu gusoma iminwa gusa bidashobora.

Ababyeyi bafite uruhare runini mu kwigisha abana babo bafite ANSD kuvugana no kuganira n'abandi. Umusaruro mwiza ushobora kuboneka mu gukorana bya hafi n'itsinda ry'abaganga.

Ushobora kubona amakuru menshi n'ubufasha ku mbuga za interineti nk'izi:

• CDC: Utumva n'Umwana Wawe (Urubuga rwa interineti rw'Ikigo cya Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya indwara)
• Amaboko n'Amajwi (urusobe rw'ababyeyi n'abanyamwuga)

Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Sawa, reka twibukiranye bimwe mu byo twaganiriyeho.

• Indwara yo mu bwonko iterwa n'indwara yo mu matwi (Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder - ANSD) ni indwara ituma ubutumwa buva mu gutwi bujya mu bwonko buhungabana cyangwa ntibugende neza.
• Ni ngombwa kubimenya hakiri kare . Niba ukeka ko umwana wawe afite impinduka cyangwa atinze mu kumva, jya kwa muganga vuba.
• Iyi ndwara ishobora gupimwa neza gusa binyuze mu bipimo byihariye nka (OAE) na (ABR).
• Ntugahangayike, ibikoresho nka sisitemu ya (FM), (ibikoresho byo kumva), (implanti za cochlear), uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo kuvuga, n'uburyo bwo gutumanaho n'amaso bishobora kongera ubushobozi bw'umwana wawe bwo kuvuga .
• Nk'ababyeyi, ubushake bwanyu, ubwitange, no gukorana n'ikipe y'abaganga ni byo bitera imbaraga nyinshi umwana wanyu .

Wibuke ko buri mwana atandukanye, bityo rero ni ngombwa gushaka ubuvuzi n'ubufasha bikwiriye umwana wawe.

Indwara zo mu bwonko zo mu matwi, ANSD, Ibibazo byo kumva, Ubuzima bw'umwana, Ibizamini byo kumva, Implants za Cochlear, Uburyo bwo kuvuga