Ese umwana wawe ntabwo abyitwaramo neza iyo umuganirije? Ese wumva agorana gusobanukirwa cyangwa gutandukanya amagambo uvuga? Hari igihe abana bashobora kugira impinduka zitagaragara mu buryo babona amajwi. Imwe mu ndwara ishobora gusobanura ibi ni indwara yo mu bwonko bw'amatwi, cyangwa ANSD mu magambo make. Nyamuneka ntugire ikibazo; reka tubice mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo bugufasha gusobanukirwa.
Indwara yo mu bwonko bw'amatwi (ANSD) ni iki?
Mu magambo make, amatwi yacu afata amajwi atuzengurutse, maze uburyo bwacu bwo kumva bugahindura ayo majwi mu buryo bworoshye bukoherezwa mu bwonko kugira ngo busobanurwe. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, ayo majwi arahungabana cyangwa ntagere mu bwonko neza. Iyi ndwara yitwa Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD) .
Abana barwaye ANSD bashobora guhura n'ibi bikurikira:
- Kugorwa no gutandukanya ijwi rimwe n'irindi, cyane cyane mu duce tw'urusaku.
- Kunanirwa gusobanukirwa neza imvugo.
- Amajwi ashobora gusa n'aho arimo gucikagurika cyangwa ahindagurika.
- Ubushobozi bwo kumva bushobora gusa n'aho budahuye umunsi ku wundi.
Ariko hari inkuru nziza. Hamwe n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi bikwiye, uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura, n'uburyo bwo gutumanaho n'amaso, abana barwaye ANSD bashobora kugira ubumenyi mu rurimi no kuvugana neza n'abandi.
Kuki ANSD ibaho? Ni izihe mpamvu?
Impamvu nyamukuru ya ANSD ni ukubangamira uburyo amajwi ahererekanywa hagati ya cochlea (igice cy'imbere mu gutwi gitunganya amajwi) n'ubwonko, akenshi bigaterwa no kwangirika cyangwa kudakora neza kw'imitsi yo kumva .
Ibintu bikurikira bishobora kongera ibyago by'umwana byo kurwara ANSD:
- Kubyara igihe kitageze .
- Amateka y'umuryango wa ANSD.
- Umuhogo ukabije mu gihe cy'ivuka.
- Ogisijeni nke (hypoxia) mbere cyangwa nyuma yo kubyara.
- Guhura n'imiti imwe n'imwe (imiti ihumanya ikirere) ishobora kwangiza ugutwi imbere cyangwa imitsi yo kumva.
- Indwara zihariye z’uturemangingo cyangwa indwara z’imitsi , nk’indwara ya Charcot-Marie-Tooth.
- Ihungabana rikomeye mu mutwe .
Indwara yo mu bwonko bw'amatwi (ANSD) imenyekana gute? Ni ibihe bimenyetso?
Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara mu myaka iyo ari yo yose; icyakora, abana benshi bavukana ANSD. Ubukana bw'ububabare bwo kutumva bushobora kuva ku bworoheje kugeza ku bunini . Igishimishije ni uko nubwo umwana wawe yaba yumva amajwi bisanzwe, ashobora kugorwa no gusobanukirwa neza imvugo.
Bamwe mu bana barwaye ANSD bashobora gutsinda isuzuma ry’uburyo bumva rya mbere. Akenshi iyo bamaze gukura ni bwo ushobora gutangira kubona imbogamizi mu bijyanye no kumva no kuvugana n’abana babo.
Itondere ibi bikorwa by'ingenzi mu mwaka wa mbere w'umwana wawe
Reba niba umwana wawe ageze kuri izi ntambwe zisanzwe zo kumva. Niba wumva ko umwana wawe atabigezeho, ni byiza kuganira n'umuganga w'abana wawe impungenge zawe.
- Abana bavutse : Ese batera ubwoba cyangwa bagaragaza ibyiyumvo by'umubiri iyo habayeho urusaku rwinshi rutunguranye?
- Amezi agera kuri atatu : Ese bamenya ijwi ryawe maze bagahindukira bareba ijwi ryawe?
- Amezi agera kuri 6 : Ese bareba amajwi mashya cyangwa bakayareba? Ese batangiye kwigana amajwi nka "oo" cyangwa "ah"?
- Amezi agera kuri 12 : Ese batangiye kuvuga amagambo menshi? Ese iyo ubahamagaye babasubiza? Ese bigana amagambo cyangwa batangira kuvuga amagambo yoroshye nka "mama" cyangwa "murabeho"?
Itondere ibi bimenyetso uko umwana wawe akura
Uko umwana wawe akura, ushobora kubona ibi bimenyetso niba afite ikibazo cyo kutumva:
- Imvugo iratinda, ntisobanutse neza, cyangwa ntibeho .
- Basa n'abatabyitayeho cyangwa bagorwa no gukurikiza amabwiriza yoroshye .
- Ntibagira icyo bakora mu biganiro bisanzwe cyangwa ngo batange ibisubizo bidafite aho bihuriye .
- Biroroshye kurengerwa n'ibintu birimo urusaku .
- Basaba buri gihe ko ijwi rya televiziyo rizamuka cyane .
- Bagaragaza ibimenyetso by'ubumuga bwo kwiga .
Niba ufite impungenge nkeya ku bijyanye no kumva k'umwana wawe, nyamuneka gisha inama muganga wawe vuba. Gufata ingamba zo kwirinda indwara ni bwo buryo bwiza.
Ni gute ANSD ipimwa ku mugaragaro?
Gusuzuma neza ANSD bisaba isuzuma ryihariye rikorwa n'inzobere mu by'amatwi . Bakoresha ibizamini byihariye byo kwa muganga kugira ngo bapime ubuzima bw'amatwi. Ibipimo by'ingenzi byo gusuzuma birimo:
Ibi bizamini ni ibihe?
- Ikizamini cya Otoacoustic Emission (OAE) : Iki kizagenzura uburyo cochlea (imbere mu gutwi) ikora neza. Akenshi bikorwa umwana asinziriye cyangwa atuje cyane. Ecouteur ntoya itanga amajwi yoroshye, kandi sensors zipima uko ugutwi kwitwara.
- Ikizamini cya ABR cyo Gusubiza Ubwonko mu Matwi : Iki kizasuzuma uburyo amajwi agenda neza ava mu gutwi, anyuze mu mitsi yo kumva, ajya mu bwonko. Iyo ijwi rihagaze, iki kizamini kizayisuzuma. Gusuzuma ANSD bikunze kwitabwaho iyo ibisubizo bya OAE ari ibisanzwe, ariko ibisubizo bya ABR ntibibeho cyangwa bikagabanuka cyane.
- Ikizamini cya Middle Ear Muscle Reflex (MEMR) : Iki gipimo cy'uko imitsi mito yo mu gutwi kwawe ikora iyo amajwi menshi. Agakoresho gato gashyirwa mu gutwi kugira ngo gatange amajwi, hanyuma igisubizo kigafatwa. Ku bana bafite ANSD, iyi reflex akenshi iba idahari cyangwa igasaba amajwi menshi cyane kugira ngo itere hejuru kurusha uko bisanzwe.
Nubwo gupima amatwi kw'impinja zikiri ntoya hakoreshejwe verisiyo zoroshye z'ibizamini bya OAE na ABR, isuzuma ryuzuye ni ngombwa kugira ngo hemezwe cyangwa haveho ANSD.
Ese hakenewe ibindi bipimo?
Iyo ANSD imaze kumenyekana, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama y'inyongera ku bushakashatsi:
- MRI Scan : Kugira ngo harebwe neza uko ugutwi imbere no kwemeza ko imitsi yo kumva iri.
- Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo : Kugira ngo hamenyekane niba ANSD ifitanye isano n'indwara iyo ari yo yose y'uturemangingo.
- Gupima indwara z'ubwonko : Gusuzuma niba hari ibibazo by'ubwonko byagutse.
- Gupima amaso : Kubera ko ibibazo byo kumva no kubona rimwe na rimwe bishobora kubaho icyarimwe, ni ngombwa ko umwana urwaye ANSD asuzumwa amaso neza na muganga w’amaso .
Nigute ANSD icungwa? - Nirogi Lanka
Gucunga ANSD bikubiyemo itsinda ry’inzobere mu nzego zitandukanye . Harimo umuganga w’amatwi, inzobere mu by’indwara zo mu matwi, izuru n’imihogo, inzobere mu by’indwara zo mu mutwe, n’inzobere mu burezi, bose bakorana kugira ngo bashyireho gahunda y’ubuvuzi bwihariye.
Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'imyaka y'umwana wawe, imiterere yihariye y'imikorere y'imitsi ye, ndetse n'uburemere bw'ubumuga bwo kutumva kwe.
Kenshi na kenshi, ibikoresho byo kumva bifasha mu buryo bufatika bituma ubuzima burushaho kuba bwiza. Uretse ibi, uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe imvugo buhora buhindagurika ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hagerwe ku musaruro mwiza mu iterambere ry'itumanaho.
Ibi bikoresho byo gufasha ni ibihe?
- Sisitemu yo Guhindura Frequency (FM): Sisitemu ya FM ifasha umwana wawe kugabanya urusaku rw'inyuma no gutuma ijwi ry'umuvugizi (nk'iry'umwarimu) rirushaho kuba ryiza kandi risobanutse. Indangururamajwi yambara mikoro nto n'icyuma gitanga amakuru. Iyi radiyo yohereza ikimenyetso cy'ikoranabuhanga ku cyuma cyambarwa n'umwana wawe cyangwa gihujwe n'icyuma cye cy'amatwi. Kubera ko izi sisitemu zishobora kwimurwa, ni nziza cyane mu byumba by'amashuri cyangwa ahantu harangwa urusaku.
- Utwuma two Kumva : Ibi bikoresho byongera ijwi ryinjira mu gutwi. Nubwo bamwe mu bana bafite ikibazo cyo kumva (ANSD) bungukirwa n'utwuma two kumva—cyane cyane iyo dukoreshejwe hamwe na sisitemu ya FM —utwuma twonyine ntabwo duhagije ku bana bafite ANSD , kuko byongera gusa amajwi adasobanutse cyangwa adasobanutse neza.
- Implants za Cochlear : Ku bana bamwe na bamwe bafite ANSD batabona inyungu ihagije ku byuma bifasha kumva, implants za cochlear ni amahitamo meza. Iki ni igikoresho cyashyizwemo gica inyuma ibice by'ugutwi bidakora kugira ngo gitere imbaraga imitsi yo kumva. Iyo habayeho imyitozo ikwiye no gukomeza kuvurwa, abana bafite implants za cochlear bashobora kwiga kumva no kuvuga neza.
Ni iki kindi ukwiye kumenya?
Uretse ibikoresho byo kumva, abana bafite ANSD bashobora kungukirwa n'ubuhanga bwo gutumanaho hakoreshejwe amaso , bushingiye ku kureba kugira ngo bahererekanye amakuru.
Uburyo bwo gutumanaho hakoreshejwe amashusho ni ubuhe?
- Ururimi rw'amarenga : Uru ni ururimi rwuzuye rufite ikibonezamvugo cyarwo cyihariye, amagambo, n'imiterere y'interuro, rukoreshwa nk'ubundi buryo bwo gusimbura ururimi ruvugwa.
- Imvugo ikoreshejwe mu gushushanya : Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha imiterere y'intoki zikikije umunwa mu gihe uvuga. Izi mvugo zifasha uwitegereza gutandukanya amajwi asa ku minwa (nka 'b' na 'p' cyangwa 'm' na 'b'). Imvugo ikoreshejwe mu gushushanya ishobora gukoreshwa mu rurimi urwo arirwo rwose kandi ifasha cyane imiryango ivuga indimi ebyiri.
- Gusinya Icyongereza Nyacyo (REBA) : Ubu ni uburyo ibimenyetso bikoreshwa kugira ngo bihuze ijambo ku ijambo ry'Icyongereza kivugwa. Nubwo ikoresha bimwe mu bice by'ururimi rw'amarenga, ikurikiza imiterere y'interuro n'ikibonezamvugo cy'Icyongereza.
Imvugo ya Cued na SEE byombi byagenewe kuzuzanya n'imvugo ivugwa, bitanga ibisobanuro bisobanutse mu gihe gusoma iminwa gusa bidahagije kugira ngo umuntu asobanukirwe ubutumwa.
Nk'umubyeyi, ufite uruhare runini mu gufasha umwana wawe ufite ANSD kugira ubumenyi mu itumanaho. Gukorana bya hafi n'itsinda ry'abaganga ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kugera ku musaruro mwiza ku mwana wawe.
Ushobora kubona amakuru menshi n'ubufasha binyuze mu buryo bukurikira:
- CDC: Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kumva n'umwana wawe
- Amaboko n'Amajwi (Urusobe rw'ubufasha ku babyeyi n'abanyamwuga)
Ubutumwa bw'ingenzi bwo kujyana mu rugo
Muri make, dore ingingo z'ingenzi cyane zo kwibuka:
- Indwara yo mu bwonko iterwa n'indwara yo mu matwi (ANSD) ibaho iyo amajwi adakwirakwijwe neza ava mu gutwi ajya mu bwonko.
- Gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare ni ingenzi cyane. Niba ukeka ko umwana wawe afite ikibazo cyo kutumva cyangwa kugera ku ntego z'iterambere, hita ugana inzobere.
- Isuzumabumenyi bwihariye, nka OAE na ABR, birakenewe kugira ngo hamenyekane neza iyi ndwara.
- Ntucike intege; ibikoresho nka sisitemu za FM, ibyuma bifasha kumva, implants za cochlear, uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe, n'uburyo bwo gutumanaho n'amaso bishobora kongera ubushobozi bw'umwana wawe bwo kuvugana.
- Kwitabira kwawe, kwihangana, no gukorana neza n'ikipe yawe y'abaganga ni byo bintu by'ingenzi umwana wawe akwiye kugira.
Wibuke ko buri mwana atandukanye. Gufatanya n'itsinda ry'abaganga kugira ngo mubone uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura umwana wanyu ni intambwe y'ingenzi cyane muri Nirogi Lanka.
Ubumenyi bw'imitsi yo mu matwi, ANSD, Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kumva, Ubuzima bw'umwana, Ibizamini byo kumva, Implants za Cochlear, Uburyo bwo kuvura imvugo
