Ibanga ry'ubuzima bwacu: Reka twige byose ku maraso! (Amaraso)

Ese wigeze wibaza impamvu amaraso ari ingenzi cyane ku mibiri yacu? Mu by'ukuri ntidushobora kubaho tudahari. Amaraso ni nk'amavuta ku modoka cyangwa amazi ku nzu. Niba umubiri wacu umeze nk'imashini itangaje, amaraso ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kugira ngo iyo mashini ikore. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuvuge kuri aya mazi atangaje, amaraso, mu buryo bworoshye ushobora kumva. Reka turebe icyo amaraso ari cyo, icyo akora, n'impamvu ari ingenzi cyane ku buzima bwacu.

Amaraso ni iki? Kuki ari ay'agaciro kuri twe?

Mu magambo make, amaraso ni amazi atukura atembera mu mibiri yacu. Ariko si amazi gusa. Amaraso akora umurimo w'ingenzi cyane, atwara ibintu dukeneye kugira ngo tubeho kuri buri turemangingo duto mu mibiri yacu, kandi agakuramo ibintu tudakeneye muri utwo turemangingo . Tekereza amaraso nk'umurimo wihuta cyane wo kohereza ubutumwa mu mibiri yacu. Amaraso afite imirimo myinshi y'ingenzi:

• Ikwirakwizwa rya ogisijeni : Ogisijeni yinjira mu bihaha iyo duhumeka itwarwa n'amaraso mu mubiri wose. Nk'uko dukeneye inkwi kugira ngo ducane umuriro, ni nako uturemangingo tw'umubiri wacu dukeneye ogisijeni kugira ngo dukore.
• Ikwirakwizwa ry'intungamubiri: Amaraso atwara intungamubiri (urugero: isukari , vitamine , n'imyunyungugu ) zigogorwa kandi zigashyirwa mu biribwa turya zikagera ku turemangingo twose. Iyo tudafite iyi ntungamubiri, uturemangingo nta ngufu tuba dufite kandi ntidushobora gukura.
• Gukuraho imyanda: Amaraso afasha kandi gutwara imyanda ikorwa n'uturemangingo, nka dioxyde de carbone , ikayisubiza mu bihaha, mu mpyiko no mu mara kugira ngo ivanwe mu mubiri.
• Kwirinda indwara : Iyo mikorobe zinjiye mu mibiri yacu, hari ubwoko bwihariye bw'uturemangingo mu maraso budufasha kuzirwanya no kuturinda indwara.
• Gutwara imisemburo: Amaraso atwara imisemburo yitwa imisemburo, ikorerwa mu gice kimwe cy'umubiri, ikayijyana mu bindi bice by'umubiri kandi igafasha kugenzura imikorere itandukanye.
• Kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'umubiri: Amaraso afasha kandi kugumana ubushyuhe bw'umubiri wacu ku rwego rukwiye.

Urabyumva, si byo se? Amaraso si amazi atukura gusa, ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kugira ngo tubeho!

Amaraso akozwe n'iki? (Imiterere y'amaraso)

Noneho reka turebe ubwoko bw'ibintu bihurizwa hamwe kugira ngo bibe bigize aya maraso y'agaciro. Hari ibice bibiri by'ingenzi by'amaraso. Kimwe ni igice cy'amazi , ikindi ni ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tureremba muri ayo mazi.

Plasma ni iki?

Iki gice cy'amazi mu maraso ni cyo twita plasma . Akenshi kiba ari amazi y'umuhondo. Iyi plasma igizwe n'amaraso arenga kimwe cya kabiri. Plasma si amazi gusa. Irimo ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi cyane:

• Amazi: Plasma ahanini ni amazi.
• Poroteyine: Plasma irimo ubwoko butandukanye bwa poroteyine, nka albumine, globulin, na fibrinogen. Izi poroteyine zigira uruhare runini mu mubiri. Urugero, zirimo poroteyine zifasha amaraso kuzura, abasirikari b’umubiri barwanya indwara, na poroteyine zifasha mu kubungabunga uburinganire bw’amazi mu mubiri.
• Intungamubiri: Ibintu nka glucose, aside amine, aside ibinure, vitamine, n'imyunyungugu twavuze mbere na byo bijyanwa mu turemangingo binyuze muri plasma.
• Imisemburo: Plasma itwara kandi imisemburo ikorwa n'uturemangingo dutandukanye mu mubiri wose.
• Imyanda: Plasma itwara kandi imyanda nka urea na dioxyde de carbone iva mu turemangingo ikayijyana mu ngingo zibishinzwe.

Tekereza plasma nk'isupu gusa. Kimwe n'amazi, yashongesheje ibintu byose biyirimo biyiha uburyohe n'imico myiza.

Abasirikare mu maraso: Reka twige ku bwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso?

Noneho reka tuvuge ku tunyangingo tw'amaraso tureremba mu mazi yitwa plasma. Utu ni utwuma duto dufasha amaraso gukora imirimo yihariye. Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bw'utunyangingo tw'amaraso.

Uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura: Inshuti zitukura zitanga ubuzima ku mubiri

Utu ni ubwoko bw'uturemangingo dutuma amaraso aba ibara ritukura. Nanone twitwa uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura , cyangwa se uturemangingo dutukura mu magambo ahinnye. Akamaro k'utu turemangingo ni ugutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni .

• Poroteyine ikomeye yitwa Haemoglobin: Hari poroteyine yihariye yitwa Haemoglobin iri mu turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Ibi ni byo bikurura ogisijeni nk'ingufu. Iyo duhumeka binyuze mu bihaha byacu, hemoglobine ifata ogisijeni ikayijyana mu mubiri wose hamwe n'amaraso, ikayikwirakwiza muri buri turemangingo. Nanone, iyi hemoglobine ifasha gutwara imwe muri dioxyde de carbone iva mu turemangingo ikayisubiza mu bihaha.
• Kuki wumva unaniwe niba uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso turi hasi? Ese wibuka igihe abaganga rimwe na rimwe bavuga ko ufite "amaraso make"? Ibyo bivuze ko umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso yawe cyangwa urugero rwa hemoglobine yawe ruri hasi. Ibi tubyita anemia .Nanone byitwa. Iyo ibi bibaye, uturemangingo tw'umubiri ntitwakira ogisijeni ihagije, niyo mpamvu umunaniro, kumva intege nke, ndetse rimwe na rimwe no guhumeka bigoranye.

Uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru: Abarinzi b'umubiri wacu

Utu turemangingo twitwa Uturemangingo tw’amaraso tw’umweru , cyangwa WBC mu magambo ahinnye. Nubwo ari "umweru", utu ni two dukoresho nyatwo twirinda umubiri. Akazi kabo gakomeye ni ukurwanya mikorobe (nk'udukoko twa bagiteri na virusi) zinjira mu mubiri zikaturinda indwara .

• Ubwoko butandukanye bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso: Uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera si twose dutandukanye. Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwatwo (urugero: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes). Nk'uko hari regiments zitandukanye mu ngabo, buri bwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera turwanya mikorobe mu buryo butandukanye. Zimwe muri zo zifata mikorobe, izindi zigakora antibodies zo kuzirimbura.
• Bigenda bite iyo turwaye umuriro? Iyo umubiri wacu urwaye umuriro ntupfa kubaho. Bivuze ko uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera mu mubiri tuba twatangiye intambara. Iyo uturemangingo twinjiye, umubare w’uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera uriyongera kandi turwanya uwo mugera. Kubera iyo ntambara, tugaragaza ibimenyetso nk’umuriro n’ububabare bw’umubiri.

Platelets: Ubumaji buto butuma amaraso agwa

Ibi ni ibice bito by'uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Bitwa Platelets mu Cyongereza. Akazi kabo ka mbere ni ugufasha guhagarika kuva amaraso iyo bibaye . Ni ukuvuga gufasha kubumba amaraso.

• Ni gute kuva amaraso bihagarara iyo ugize igikomere? Ese wibuka igihe wakomeretse gato ukava amaraso make, nyuma y'igihe gito bigahagarara byonyine? Izi platelets zirafasha muri ibyo. Iyo igikomere kibaye, platelets ziteranira aho ngaho, zigafatana, zigatangira gufunga igikomere. Muri icyo gihe, zihurira na poroteyine yitwa fibrinogen muri plasma, zigakora urushundura nk'agahu, zigahagarika kuva amaraso. Ibi byitwa kubumba amaraso.
• Bigenda bite iyo platelets ziri hasi? Urugero, mu ndwara zimwe na zimwe, nko mu ndwara ya dengue, umubare wa platelets ushobora kuba muto. Ibi bibaye, bishobora kugorana guhagarika kuva amaraso ndetse no mu gisebe gito. Niyo mpamvu abaganga bahora bahangayikishijwe n'umubare wa platelets mu ndwara nka dengue.

Reba ibintu byinshi bitangaje biba mu maraso! Ni nk'umujyi muto, aho buri muntu akorera hamwe kugira ngo gahunda yose ikomeze gukora neza.

Uruganda rukora amaraso mu mibiri yacu: Umwobo w'amagufwa

Noneho ushobora kuba wibaza uburyo amaraso y'ingenzi nk'aya akorwa mu mubiri wacu. Ahantu hakuru amaraso akorerwa ni umwongo uri mu magufwa yacu.. Umwongo w'amagufwa, cyane cyane imbere mu magufwa manini (urugero: mu kibuno, mu mbavu), ni nk'uruganda rukora utwo tunyangingo tw'amaraso dutukura, uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, na plaquettes. Uturemangingo twihariye muri uyu mwongo w'amagufwa ni two twitandukanya tukavamo utwo tunyangingo tw'amaraso dutandukanye. Bityo rero, kugira ngo umwongo w'amagufwa ube mwiza ni ingenzi cyane ku buzima bw'amaraso yacu.

Utuntu duke duto ku maraso

Ku bijyanye n'amaraso, hari ibindi bintu bike bikwiye kumenywa.

• Gutanga amaraso bikiza ubuzima: Wari uzi ko gutanga amaraso bishobora kurokora ubuzima bw'umuntu? Abarwayi bakeneye amaraso mu mpanuka, kubagwa, n'indwara zimwe na zimwe. Bityo rero, ni ikintu cyiza ku muntu muzima gutanga amaraso.
• Kugira ngo amaraso abe meza: Kugira ngo amaraso yacu akomeze kuba meza, tugomba kurya indyo yuzuye (cyane cyane ibiryo bikungahaye kuri fer, vitamine B12, na aside folike), kunywa amazi menshi, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri. Hanyuma umworera wacu ushobora gutuma amaraso amera neza kandi amaraso agashobora gukora akazi kawo neza.
• Amatsinda y'amaraso: Amaraso ya buri wese si amwe. Hari ubwoko bune bw'ingenzi bw'amaraso: A, B, AB, na O. Hariho kandi ubwoko bwa Rh positive na Rh negative. Mu gihe uha umuntu amaraso, ni ngombwa cyane kugenzura niba ubwo bwoko bw'amaraso buhuye.

Imibanire yacu ya buri munsi n'amaraso

Dukorana n'amaraso mu buryo butandukanye mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi.

• Gukomereka gato, gukomereka: Iyo haciwe ikiganza cyangwa ikirenge, cyangwa iyo hakoreshejwe icyuma, amaraso arasohoka. Hanyuma dushobora kubona neza imikorere ya plaquettes.
• Kuva amaraso mu mazuru: Hari igihe abana bato bashobora kuva amaraso mu mazuru. Akenshi ntabwo ari ikibazo gikomeye, ariko iyo bikunze kubaho, ni byiza gushaka inama kwa muganga.
• Ibipimo by'amaraso: Iyo turwaye, umuganga azadutegeka gupimwa amaraso, si byo se? Iryo suzuma ry'amaraso rishobora kutubwira byinshi ku mibare y'uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso, ingano y'uturemangingo tw'umweru mu maraso, umubare w'udupira duto (platelets), urugero rwa hemoglobine, n'urugero rw'isukari. Bishobora kuba ingirakamaro cyane mu gusuzuma no kuvura indwara.

Rero, ubutumwa bwa nyuma bwo kujyana mu rugo ni ubu:

Sawa, twaganiriye cyane ku maraso uyu munsi. Ndizera ko ubu usobanukiwe neza icyo amaraso ari cyo, icyo amarira imibiri yacu, n'icyo amaraso akorwamo.

Wibuke:

* Amaraso ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga ubuzima bwacu .

* Itwara ogisijeni n'intungamubiri mu mubiri wose, ikuraho imyanda , kandi ikarinda indwara .

* Amaraso agizwe n'igice cy'amazi cyitwa plasma , kandi hari n'ubwoko bw'uturemangingo twitwa uturemangingo dutukura , uturemangingo tw'umweru , na plaquettes .

* Buri gice muri ibi gifite umurimo wihariye kandi w'ingenzi cyane .

* Ingeso nziza zo kurya no kubaho neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo amaraso yacu akomeze kuba meza.

Biratangaje gutekereza ko ufite urusobe rw'amaraso rutangaje mu mubiri wawe, si byo se? Bityo rero ni ngombwa kubimenya no kwita ku buzima bwacu. Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa gushidikanya ku maraso, ntugatinye kujya kwa muganga no kuvugana na we.

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