Twumva dute? Igitangaza cy'ugutwi n'urugendo rw'amajwi (Uburyo bwo kumva)

Ese wigeze uhagarara ugatekereza ku kuntu indirimbo twumva buri munsi, amagambo tuvugana n'inshuti zacu, amajwi meza y'inyoni, n'ibindi, yinjira mu matwi yacu kandi ubwonko bwacu bukabyumva? Mu by'ukuri ni inzira itangaje kandi igoye. Ni nk'ubumaji! Rero, uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku kuntu amatwi yacu y'agaciro akora, mu buryo bworoshye cyane, nko kubwira inshuti.

Akazi gakomeye k'urugingo ruto rwitwa ugutwi

Amatwi yacu ashobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu by'ingenzi, kimwe n'ibyumba byo mu nzu. Ibyo ni:

1. Ugutwi rwo hanze

2. Gutwi ko Hagati

3. Ugutwi kw'imbere

Buri gice muri ibi gifite akazi kacyo, kuko amajwi agenda agera mu bwonko bwacu. Reka turebe uko bigenda.

1. Ugutwi ko hanze: Irembo ry'amajwi

Iyo utekereje ku gutwi, icya mbere kiza mu mutwe ni igice kigaragara inyuma? Ni cyo twita pinna (mu buvuzi cyitwa `(Pinna)`). Imiterere y'iyi pinna yagenewe neza gukusanya amajwi ava mu bidukikije no kuyayobora mu gutwi. Ni nko gukusanya ibimenyetso bivuye kuri `Satellite Dish`.

Tekereza, iyo uganira n'inshuti yawe, amajwi y'ijwi ryawe anyura mu kirere agakubita ku gutwi k'umuntu urimo kumva no gukusanya.

Imiraba y'amajwi ikusanyirizwa n'umugongo w'amatwi hanyuma ikanyura mu buryo bumeze nk'umuyoboro muto witwa umuyoboro w'amatwi . Amajwi anyura muri uyu muyoboro akagera ku ntangiriro y'ugutwi ko hagati. Umuyoboro w'amatwi urimo utuntu duto tumeze nk'ubwoya n'uturemangingo dukora umushongi w'amatwi. Ibi birinda ugutwi umukungugu, udukoko duto, n'ibindi bintu.

2. Ugutwi ko Hagati: Aho ijwi ryongerewe

Ku mpera y'umuyoboro w'amatwi hari agace gato cyane kandi koroshye. Ni uturemangingo tw'amatwi (cyangwa 'Uturemangingo twa Tympanic') twese tuzi. Ni nk'uruhu rw'ingoma. Iyo amajwi aturutse hanze aguye kuri utwo dutero tw'amatwi, atangira kunyeganyega .

Noneho akazi nyako karatangiye. Kuri iyi ngoma y'amatwi hari amagufwa atatu mato cyane mu mubiri wacu. Ni mato cyane, ariko akora akazi kanini. Aya magufwa atatu akunze kwitwa `(Ossicles)`. Amazina yabo ni:

• Malleus - Ibi bimeze nk'inyundo, ifatanye n'inyama zo mu matwi.
• Incus - Iri ni igufwa riri hagati, rifatanye n'urutugu rw'amatwi n'uruti rw'amatwi.
• Stapes - Iri ni igufwa rito cyane mu mubiri. Rimeze nk'inkweto y'ifarashi.

Iyo umugongo w'amatwi unyeganyega, umugongo ubanza kujya kuri ossicles, hanyuma ukagera kuri stapes, hanyuma ukagera kuri auricle. Aya magufwa atatu afatanye, akora nk'uburyo buto bwo gufata, byongera umugongo uva kuri umugongo w'amatwi.Yoherezwa mu gutwi imbere. Uku kongera imbaraga ni ingenzi cyane, kuko ugutwi imbere kwuzuyemo amazi. Kugira ngo imitingito iza mu mwuka yoherezwe mu mazi, igomba kuba ikomeye.

Hari ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu gutwi ko hagati. Uwo ni umuyoboro wa Eustachian . Uyu ni umuyoboro muto uhujwe n'inyuma y'umuhogo wacu. Ese wigeze wumva amatwi yawe arimo arangurura igihe wazamukaga umusozi cyangwa uguruka mu ndege, hanyuma ukabyuka utunguranye ukumva ijwi ritangaje rya 'click'? Ibyo ni byo uyu muyoboro wa Eustachian ukora icyo gihe. Iyo dufunguye iminwa yacu tukamira, uyu muyoboro urafungura ukanafunga kugira ngo uhuze umuvuduko w'umwuka ku mpande zombi z'umuyoboro w'amatwi. Ni bwo umuyoboro w'amatwi ushobora kunyeganyega neza kandi neza.

3. Ugutwi kw'imbere: Aho ijwi rihindurwamo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi

Uduce tw’inyuma, turi ku mpera y’ugutwi ko hagati, duhuza n’urugingo ruto ruri mu gutwi imbere rusa n’igikonoshwa cy’inyange. Ryitwa cochlea . Imbere muri rwo hari amazi yihariye n’ibintu ibihumbi by’ingenzi bisa n’umusatsi byitwa uturemangingo tw’umusatsi .

Iyo imiraba y’umuvuduko wo hejuru (`Vibrations`) iva mu gutwi ko hagati inyuze mu mazi ari mu gahu k’umuyoboro w’amazi, utwo turemangingo tw’umusatsi turashyuha. Nk’uko umuraba unyura mu mazi, ibimera biri mu mazi biragenda. Iyo utwo turemangingo tw’umusatsi tugenda, ikintu gitangaje kibaho: uwo muvuduko w’amashanyarazi (`Mechanical Vibration`) uhinduka ibimenyetso by’amashanyarazi (`Electrical Signals` cyangwa `Nerve Impulses`)!

Uturemangingo tw'umusatsi turi muri cochlea ni twihariye cyane. Tuza mu burebure butandukanye, nk'utubuto twa piyano. Nk'uko buri tubuto dukora ijwi ritandukanye, utwo tubuto tw'umusatsi na two twumva amajwi atandukanye. Ni ukuvuga ko itsinda rimwe risubiza amajwi yo hejuru (nk'ijwi ry'umuziki) n'irindi itsinda risubiza amajwi yo hasi (nk'ijwi ry'ingoma). Ese iyi miterere si itangaje?

Uretse kumva, ugutwi kw'imbere kunafite igice kigenzura uburinganire bwacu (`Sisitemu ya Vestibular`). Ariko kubera ko turimo kuvuga ku kumva uyu munsi, tuzabivugaho birambuye nyuma.

Urugendo rw'amajwi mu bwonko n'uburyo abyumva

Noneho haje igice cy'ingenzi. Ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bitangwa n'utwo turemangingo tw'umusatsi bijya mu bwonko bwacu binyuze mu mitsi yihariye yitwa 'Imitsi yo Kumva' . Ubwonko bufite ikigo cyihariye cyagenewe kumva ('Auditory Cortex').

Ubwonko busesengura izi bimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bije kandi buduha ubushobozi bwo kumva ibintu nka, 'Oh, iri ni ijwi rya mama,' 'Iyi ni yo ndirimbo nkunda cyane,' 'Hari imbwa irimo kurira hanze, sinzi niba hari ikibazo.' Tekereza, ibi byose bibaho mu masegonda make, mu gihe gito cyane!

Si ibyo gusa, kuko dufite amatwi abiri, ubwonko bushobora no kumenya icyerekezo ijwi riturukamo. Bugena niba ijwi ryumvikana cyane cyangwa ryoroheje gato mu gutwi kumwe.

Kuki ari ingenzi cyane kuri twe kumva?

Ibi si ibintu bitangaje kuvuga.

• Itumanaho: Tuvugana n'abandi kandi tugasobanukirwa icyo bavuga mu kubatega amatwi.
• Kwiga: Gutega amatwi ni ingenzi mu gihe wiga ikintu gishya, haba ku ishuri cyangwa ku kazi.
• Kwishima: Kumva indirimbo nziza bigutera ibyishimo, kwishimira ibiganiro muri filime, no gutuza wumva amajwi meza y’ibidukikije (inyoni ziririmba, amasumo y’amazi) ni ugutega amatwi.
• Umutekano: Iyo twumvise urusaku rw'imodoka yegereye mu gihe turi mu muhanda, turarokoka impanuka, kandi iyo habaye inkongi mu nzu yacu, tumenyeshwa n'urusaku rw'"Inkongi y'umuriro". Kuri ibi byose, imikorere myiza y'amatwi yacu ni ingenzi cyane.

Wakwita ku matwi yawe ute?

Tugomba kwita ku matwi yacu, afite agaciro kandi agoye, sibyo? Iyo twitaye ku tuntu duto, dushobora gukomeza kumva neza igihe kirekire.

• Irinde urusaku rwinshi: Si byiza kumva umuziki ku ijwi riri hejuru cyangwa kumva ecouteur ku ijwi riri hejuru igihe kirekire . Niba ukorera ahantu hari urusaku rwinshi, nko mu nganda cyangwa mu bwubatsi, komeza urinde amatwi. Kuko kumara igihe kirekire uhura n'urusaku rwinshi bishobora kwangiza uturemangingo tw'umusatsi tworoshye twavuze, bigatera ububabare bwo kutumva burundu.
• Ntugashyire ibintu mu matwi yawe: Ntugashyire ibintu bityaye nk'inkoni, ipamba, imfunguzo, cyangwa udupira mu matwi yawe kugira ngo ubisukure. Kubikora bishobora gusunika ifu yo mu matwi cyane no kwangiza umuyoboro w'amatwi cyangwa umugongo w'amatwi. Ifu yo mu matwi ikunze kwisohoka ubwayo. Niba ufite ikibazo gikomeye cyangwa wumva ugutwi kwawe kwafunze, gana muganga kugira ngo akugire inama.
• Guma amatwi yawe yumye: Hari abantu bashobora kwandura indwara (urugero: Otitis Externa cyangwa Swimmer's Ear) iyo amazi yinjiye mu matwi yabo igihe biyuhagira cyangwa boga. Ni byiza ko abantu nk'abo bakoresha utumashini two gupfuka amatwi. Nyuma yo koga, hanagura witonze agace k'ugutwi n'igice cy'inyuma gikikije ugutwi hanyuma ukomeze kumera neza.
• Itondere indwara zo mu matwi: Niba urwaye ububabare bw'amatwi, amazi ava mu gutwi, kutumva neza, gucurama mu matwi (`tinnitus`), cyangwa isereri, ntubyirengagize. Shaka muganga ako kanya kandi uhabwe ubuvuzi. Zimwe mu ndwara zo mu matwi yo hagati (`Otitis Media`) zishobora kuba mbi cyane iyo zitavuwe neza.
• Gusuzumwa neza kwa muganga: Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe nka Diyabete Mellitus na Hypertension zishobora kugira ingaruka ku matwi. Nanone, hari imiti imwe (imiti ya Ototoxic) ishobora kwangiza amatwi. Kubwibyo, niba ufite bene izo ndwara, komeza kugenzura neza kandi ukurikize amabwiriza ya muganga wawe.

Muri make (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Sawa, twaganiriyeho byinshi uyu munsi, si byo se? Mu magambo make, amatwi yacu ni urugingo rugoye cyane kandi rukora neza cyane.

Amajwi aturuka mu gutwi ko hanze, agashyirwa mu matwi yo hagati, agahindurwamo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi mu gutwi ko imbere, hanyuma akajyanwa mu bwonko binyuze mu mitsi yo kumva. Uku ni ko tumenya, twishimira, kandi tugasobanukirwa amajwi atandukanye yo muri iyi si.

Birashoboka ko ubu usobanukiwe akamaro k'ubu bushobozi butangaje kuri twe mu buzima. Kubwibyo, fata neza amatwi yawe kandi uyarinde. Kuko kumva neza ari ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ubeho ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije. Niba ufite ibindi bibazo kuri ibi, ntugatinye kuvugana na muganga.

Ugutwi, Kumva, Uburyo bwo Kumva