Enzymes ni iki? Ese uzi impamvu ari ingenzi cyane ku mibiri yacu?

Ushobora kuba warigeze kumva ijambo "enzymes" mbere. Hari igihe ushobora no kuryitiranya na vitamine. Ariko enzymes ni intwari nto mu mibiri yacu zikora akazi kenshi gatuje ariko gakenewe. Ese twabivugaho mu buryo bworoshye ushobora kumva?

None se koko ni iki kiba kuri izi enzymes?

Mu magambo make, imisemburo ni ingirakamaro mu kwihutisha ibikorwa bya shimi mu mibiri yacu. Tekereza nawe, nyuma yo kurya ibiryo, ugomba kubisya. Imisemburo ni ingenzi muri ibi bikorwa byose, harimo igogora, kuvura amaraso, no gukura k'umubiri. Si ibyo gusa, imisemburo inagira uruhare mu mikorere y'imitsi yacu n'uko indwara zimwe na zimwe zikura. Mu by'ukuri, imisemburo igira uruhare runini mu bintu byinshi by'ingenzi biba mu mibiri yacu kuruta uko wabitekereza. Tekereza nawe, urya ifunguro. Imibiri yacu ntishobora kwinjiza ibintu nk'ibinyampeke, poroteyine, n'ibinure mu buryo butaziguye. Bigomba gucibwamo ibice bito. Ibyo nibyo imisemburo ikora. Ni nko gukata urupapuro runini mo ibice bito ukoresheje imikasi. Cyangwa, tekereza ku kuvura amaraso. Iyo ukomeretse ahantu runaka, bihagarika kuva amaraso. Ibyo nibyo imisemburo ifasha. Ibyo bivuze ko, iyo tudafite imisemburo, ubuzima bwacu bwaba bugoye cyane.

Izi enzymes zikorwa zite?

Imisemburo akenshi ni poroteyine zidasanzwe zikorerwa mu mibiri yacu . Nkuko mubizi, poroteyine ni intungamubiri zifasha kubaka, kubungabunga no gukura ingingo nshya mu mibiri yacu. Muri ubwo buryo, poroteyine zitwa imisemburo nazo zikorerwa mu mibiri yacu. Nanone, rimwe na rimwe imisemburo ikorerwa muri laboratwari . Akenshi tubibona nk' "inyongeramusaruro mu mirire." Ariko, ni ngombwa gushaka inama kwa muganga mbere yo gufata ikintu nk'iki.

None se izi enzymes zakora zite? Biratangaje, si byo se?

Iyi ni inkuru ishimishije cyane. Enzyme ikora ihuza na molekile runaka iri mu turemangingo twacu kandi ikihutisha uburyo chemical reaction ikora kuri iyo molekile . Tekereza nk'urufunguzo rushyirwa mu ifunga. Buri enzyme ifite molekile yihariye ikora kuri yo, gusa kuri yo.

Igikuru ni uko iyo iyi reaction ya shimi imaze kubaho, iyo enzyme ntirashira. Ni ukuvuga ko iyo enzyme ishobora kwihambira kuri molekile nshya igakora reaction imwe inshuro nyinshi. Ni nk'umukanishi w'umuhanga, ukoresha igikoresho kimwe kugira ngo akore imirimo myinshi.

Hari imisemburo yubaka ibintu binyuze mu guhuza ibintu. Izindi misemburo zisenya ibintu. Urugero, imisemburo idufasha gusya ibiryo turya isesagura uduce duto tw'ibiryo.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa enzymes buriho?

Watangazwa no kumenya ko hari ibihumbi bya enzymes mu mibiri yacu! Buri imwe ifite akazi kayo. Reka turebe bimwe mu by'ingenzi.

• Amylase: Ibi ni byo turya, nk'umugati n'umuceri.Ifasha mu gusya ibiryo birimo ibinyampeke .
• Lipase: Iyi enzyme ifasha mu gusya ibinure n'amavuta.
• Poroteyine: Ibi ni ingenzi mu gusya ibiryo bikungahaye kuri poroteyine, nk'inyama, amafi n'amagi .
• Creatine Kinase (CK): Iyi enzyme ifasha imitsi yacu kongera imbaraga. Abakora imyitozo ngororamubiri bashobora kuba barabyumvise.
• Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) na Alanine Aminotransferase ( ALT ): Izi enzymes ebyiri ziboneka cyane cyane mu mwijima. Zifasha guhindura ibiryo turya mo ingufu. Zipimirwa mu bipimo by'amaraso bisuzuma ibibazo by'umwijima.
• Thrombin: Ni enzyme y'ingenzi ifasha amaraso kubumba iyo habayeho igikomere.
• Glucose-6-Fosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD): Iyi enzyme irakenewe kugira ngo uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso dukora neza.
• Polymerase ya ADN : Nkuko mubizi, ADN ni ikintu kirimo amakuru yacu ya genetiki. Rero, kugira ngo ingingo nshya zikore kandi umubiri ukure, iyi ADN igomba gukopwa. Iyi enzyme irabifasha.

Ibi ni bike gusa. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa enzymes mu mibiri yacu.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora kuvuka kuri enzymes?

Hari igihe umubiri wacu ushobora kubura cyangwa ntukore enzyme ihagije ukeneye. Aha niho havuka ibibazo bitandukanye by'ubuzima. Dore zimwe mu ndwara ziterwa n'ibibazo nk'ibi bifitanye isano na enzyme:

• Kutabasha kwihanganira Lactose: Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bahura nacyo. Iki kibazo kibaho iyo enzyme "lactase" ifasha mu gusya lactose, isukari iboneka mu mata no mu bikomoka ku mata, igabanutse. Ibi bishobora gutera ibimenyetso nko kubabara mu gifu no kubyimba.
• Phenylketonuria (PKU): Iyi ni indwara iterwa n'uturemangingo. Iterwa n'ikibazo cya enzyme isenya aside amine. Ibi bishobora kwangiza ubwonko ndetse n'indwara nk'igicuri. Iyo igaragaye hakiri kare, ishobora kuvurwa.
• Morquio Syndrome: Ibi biterwa no kutagira cyangwa kudakora neza kwa enzyme isenya ubwoko bw'isukari. Ibi bishobora gutera ibibazo byo kureba, kumva, amagufwa n'umutima.
• Indwara ya Tay-Sachs: Iyi nayo ni indwara iterwa n'uturemangingo. Kubera kutagira enzyme runaka, poroteyine zirimo ibinure zishyirwa mu bwonko, bigatera kwangirika k'ubwonko n'umugongo.
• Galactosemia: Ibi biterwa n'ikibazo cya enzymes zisenya galactose, isukari iboneka mu mata. Ibi bishobora gutera imikurire mibi, kwiyongera ibiro, no gutinda gukura kw'abana.
• Indwara ya Wilson: Iyi ndwara iterwa n'ikibazo cya enzyme mu mwijima, ituma umuringa w'icyuma wirundanya mu mwijima, mu bwonko no mu zindi ngingo.
• Indwara ya Gilbert: Iyi ndwara iterwa n'ikibazo cya enzyme isenya ikintu cyitwa bilirubin. Ikimenyetso nyamukuru ni uguhinduka umuhondo w'amaso n'uruhu, indwara isa n'umuhondo w'umuhondo.

Hariho indwara nyinshi ziterwa na enzyme nk'izi. Buri imwe muri zo iterwa n'ibura ry'imikorere ya enzyme imwe n'imwe.

Izi nyongeramusaruro z'imirire ni izihe?

Inyongeramusaruro z’inyongeramusaruro ni imisemburo ikorwa hanze kugira ngo ifashe imibiri yacu gukora akazi nk’ako imisemburo y’umubiri wacu ikora. Hari igihe abaganga batanga inama z’ubu bwoko bw’inyongeramusaruro z’inyongeramusaruro. Urugero:

• Igabanya umwuka no kubyimba ku bantu bafite ikibazo cyo kutihanganira lactose .
• Mu rwego rwo gufasha abantu bafite indwara nka cystic fibrosis mu igogora.

Ariko, ugomba kuzirikana ibi. Inyongera zimwe na zimwe za enzyme ntizigufasha kunoza imikorere yawe ya siporo cyangwa ngo zigabanye ibiro nk'uko byatangajwe. Ibi bivugwa bishobora kuba bitaragaragajwe na siyansi. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha izi nyongeramusaruro bitari ngombwa bishobora guteza akaga ku buzima.

Kubwibyo, mbere yo gukoresha inyongeramusaruro iyo ari yo yose mu mirire, banza uganire na muganga wawe kugira ngo akugire inama. Ashobora kukubwira niba koko uyikeneye cyangwa utayikeneye, kandi niba ikwiranye n'ubuzima bwawe.

None se, ni iki twize muri iyi nkuru? (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Sawa, twaganiriye cyane kuri enzymes uyu munsi, sibyo?

• Imisemburo ni ibintu bito ariko bikomeye bifasha hafi ya byose by'ingenzi mu mibiri yacu. Imisemburo ni ingenzi kuri byose kuva ku igogora kugeza ku kubumba amaraso, gukura no gukora ingufu.
• Nubwo imibiri yacu ikora izi enzymes, hari igihe hari inyongeramusaruro zishobora gufatwa hanze.
• Iyo hari ibura rya enzymes, bishobora gutera indwara zitandukanye.Bityo rero, imikorere myiza ya enzymes ni ingenzi cyane ku buzima bwacu muri rusange.
• Si buri nyunganiramirire ya enzymes iri ku isoko ikora kuri buri wese, bityo ntukagerageze ibi udafite inama za muganga.

Rero, ndizera ko usobanukiwe neza na enzymes. Niba ufite ikindi kibazo kuri ibi, ntutindiganye kubaza muganga wawe. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!