Impinduka mu mikurire y'umwana wawe? Reka tuvuge ku ndwara ikwirakwira mu mikurire y'umwana (PDD)

Ese umwana wawe atinya kwifatanya n'abandi bana no gukina nabo? Cyangwa wigeze wumva agoye gusobanura amarangamutima ye? Hari igihe, nk'umubyeyi cyangwa se, iyo ubonye utuntu duto nk'utwo, ni ibisanzwe ko wumva ufite ubwoba kandi ukeka gato. Ibyo nibyo tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi.

Indwara y'iterambere ikwirakwira (PDD) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara ikwirakwira mu mikurire , akenshi yitwa "PDD", ni ijambo ryakoreshwaga mu bihe byashize mu gusobanura gutinda k'imikurire ku buryo bunyuranye bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'umwana bwo gusabana, kuvugana no kuvugana n'abandi.

Ariko, ni byiza kubimenya. Ubu abaganga babyita Autism Spectrum Disorder , cyangwa ASD mu magambo ahinnye. Izina ryarahindutse mu 2013. Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ry’indwara zo mu mutwe (American Psychiatric Association) ryazanye indwara enye zitandukanye mbere munsi y’igitabo kimwe mu bitabo byabo byo gusuzuma indwara, DSM-5. Izo ndwara enye ni izi:

• Indwara ya Autistic
• Indwara ya Asperger
• Indwara yo kwangirika kw'abana
• Indwara y'iterambere ikwirakwira mu buryo butari bwasobanuwe ukundi (PDD-NOS)

Rero, urabona ko `(PDD)` ubu ari igice cy'icyiciro cyagutse `(ASD)`. Ariko, muri iyi nkuru yose, tuzakoresha `(PDD)` na `(ASD)` kugira ngo byoroshye kubisobanukirwa.

Abana bafite iyi "(PDD)" bashobora guhura n'ibibazo bitandukanye. Urugero:

• Gutinda gutangira kuvuga, cyangwa kugorwa no kugaragaza ibitekerezo.
• Iyo habayeho impinduka nto mu mibereho yabo ya buri munsi, haba mu mibereho yabo cyangwa mu bidukikije batuyemo, bishobora kugorana kumenyera. Tekereza, niba ujyanye ku ishuri mu nzira itandukanye n’iyo basanzwe bafata, bashobora kurakara.
• Kugorwa no kuvugana n'abandi no gusobanukirwa ibyiyumvo byabo.

Iyi ndwara ya PDD ikunze kugaragara mu rugero rungana iki?

Mu by’ukuri, PDD ni imwe mu ndwara zikunze kugaragara cyane mu cyiciro cya ASD. Bivugwa ko 47% by’abanduye ASD ari bo bonyine bari muri iki cyiciro.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya PDD?

Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi by'abana barwaye PDD ni ukugorwa no kuvugana n'abandi no gusabana nabo . Bashobora kandi guhura n'ibi bikurikira:

• Gukora ikintu kimwe inshuro nyinshi: Ibintu nko kuzunguza amaboko, kunyeganyeza umubiri wawe, cyangwa gukina n'igikinisho kimwe mu buryo bumwe.
• Ingorane zo kugaragaza ibitekerezo mu rurimi:Abana bamwe bagira ingorane zo kuvuga amagambo, mu gihe abandi bafata igihe kirekire kugira ngo batangire kuvuga.
• Bishobora kugorana kumenyera impinduka mu ngeso za buri munsi: Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, n'impinduka nto zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kuri zo.
• Kwirinda kureba kure: Kureba kure cyangwa kutareba kure mu gihe uvuga.
• Kugorwa no kuganira: Gutinda gusubiza iyo umuntu abajije ikibazo, cyangwa kugorwa no gutangira cyangwa gukomeza ikiganiro.
• Kugorwa no kugenzura amarangamutima: kurakara vuba, cyangwa kumva ubabaye cyangwa uhangayitse.
• Guhindura ijwi: Rimwe na rimwe kuvuga mu ijwi rimwe (`ijwi rigufi`), cyangwa kuvuga mu ijwi ryo hejuru cyane.

Igikuru ni uko abana bose barwaye PDD atari bamwe. Hari abana bashobora kugira ibimenyetso byoroheje cyane, abandi bakaba bagerwaho n’ingaruka zikomeye. Abantu benshi bagwa hagati y’ibyo bibazo.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera PDD?

Mu by'ukuri, abashakashatsi ntibarabona impamvu n'imwe itera PDD. Ariko bemera ko iterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye. Ibintu by'ingenzi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Genetics: Impuguke nyinshi zizera ko genes zigira uruhare mu iterambere rya PDD. Ariko ziracyagerageza kumenya neza uburyo. Abantu benshi bafite PDD bagira impinduka runaka mu gene zabo, zitwa gene mutations . Mu by'ukuri, abahanga mu bya siyansi bavumbuye genes zirenga 100 kuri chromosomes zitandukanye zifitanye isano na ASD mu buryo runaka. Ariko biragoye cyane. Si buri wese ufite PDD ufite genes zimwe mu genes zabo zose. Nanone, zimwe muri izi genes zishobora kuboneka ku bantu badafite PDD. Abashakashatsi benshi ubu bemeranya ko genes zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutera ibimenyetso bimwe cyangwa zikagenzura ubukana bw'ibyo bimenyetso. Nibura, izi genes zishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara PDD.

• Ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije: Tuvuge ko ufite imiterere y’uturemangingo ishobora gutuma urwara PDD. Hanyuma, guhura n’ibintu bimwe na bimwe bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije bishobora kongera ibi byago. Urugero, niba ufite imiterere runaka y’uturemangingo, ufite ubwandu, cyangwa uhura n’uburozi, uba ufite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara PDD.

• Ubumenyi bw'ibinyabuzima: Abashakashatsi baracyashakisha ibintu bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara PDD. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo ibintu bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umubiri wawe, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, cyangwa ibice bimwe na bimwe by'ubwonko.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera PDD?

Impamvu y’ibyago ni ikintu cyongera amahirwe yo kurwara indwara. Impuguke zagaragaje ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutera PDD:

• Kugira umuvandimwe cyangwa mushiki wawe ufite PDD cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwa ASD.
• Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n’uturemangingo, nka syndrome ya X idakomeye cyangwa syndrome ya Down .
• Imyaka y'ababyeyi mu gihe cyo kuvuka k'umwana irenga imyaka 35 (cyane cyane imyaka ya nyina - 'imyaka yo kubyara iri hejuru').
• Kuvuka ufite ibiro bike cyane.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa na PDD?

Nubwo buri wese ufite PDD afite imbogamizi ze zihariye, ubukana bw'ibimenyetso bushobora gutandukana cyane. Bamwe mu bana bafite PDD bashobora kuvugana mu buryo busanzwe, abandi bashobora kutavuga ijambo. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya ubwoko bw'ubufasha umwana wawe akeneye. Gusuzuma no kuvurwa hakiri kare akenshi bishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso by'umwana wawe.

Ni gute abaganga basuzuma indwara ya PDD?

Nta kizamini cyihariye cya laboratwari cyangwa ikizamini cya muganga gishobora gusuzuma PDD. Ahubwo abaganga bareba imyitwarire y'umuntu bakareba amateka ye y'iterambere.

Ishuri Rikuru ry’Abana b’Abana risaba ko abana bose basuzumwa ASD bari hagati y’amezi 18 na 24. Abaganga benshi bakora ubu bushakashatsi mu gihe cyo kwisuzumisha imikurire yabo no ku buzima bwabo. Muri iki gihe, muganga wawe azaganira kandi akine n’umwana wawe. Bazakubaza kandi ibibazo bijyanye n’uko umwana wawe yitwara, avuga, kandi agenda mu rugo.

Nubwo ubu burwayi bukunze kugaragara mu bwana, abaganga bashobora gusuzuma indwara ya PDD na ASD ku bana bakuru, urubyiruko, n'abantu bakuru. Niba utekereza ko wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mushobora kuba mufite PDD cyangwa indi ndwara isa nayo, vugana na muganga wawe. Ashobora kugupima cyangwa akakohereza kwa muganga w'inzobere muri ASD.

Indwara ya PDD ivurwa ite?

Abaganga bakoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura kugira ngo bavure PDD. Ubundi buryo bw'ingenzi ni ubu:

• Uburyo bwo kuvura bufasha
• Imiti
• Ubuvuzi bw'inyongera

Uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi. Ikizagirira akamaro umuntu umwe gishobora kudakorera undi. Ibyo buri wese akeneye biratandukanye. Muganga wawe azashyiraho gahunda yihariye yo kuvura izagufasha wowe cyangwa umwana wawe kubona ubufasha akeneye cyane.

Uburyo bwo kuvura bufasha

Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura PDD ni ubuvuzi bufasha. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo:

• Ubuvuzi bw'imivugire: Bufasha guteza imbere ubushobozi bwo kuvugana no kumva amagambo.
• Ubuvuzi bw'akazi: Bufasha gukomeza guhuza umubiri no kwiga imirimo ya buri munsi, nko koga, kwambara no koza amenyo.
• Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri: Bufasha guteza imbere ubumenyi bw'imitsi, kwiga gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, no kongera imbaraga.
• Isesengura ry’imyitwarire rikoreshwa (ABA): Ubu ni uburyo bwo kuvura imyitwarire bugerageza kongera imyitwarire myiza no kugabanya imyitwarire mibi.

Imiti

Nta miti ishobora kuvura PDD mu buryo butaziguye. Ariko, abantu benshi barwaye PDD bafite izindi ndwara, nko kubura ubushobozi bwo kwita ku bintu/gukora cyane (ADHD) , guhangayika no kwiheba . Muri ibyo bihe, imiti ishobora kubafasha kunoza ubuzima bwabo muri rusange.

Ubuvuzi bw'inyongera

Ubuvuzi bwuzuzanya ni ugukoresha uburyo butari gakondo bujyanye n'ubuvuzi busanzwe. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo ibintu byinshi, nko:

• Ubuvuzi bw'ubugeni
• Ubuvuzi bw'umuziki
• Gukanda
• Gutera acupuncture
• Yoga
• Gutekereza ku Ijambo

Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kubona uburyo bw'inyongera bushobora kunoza ubuzima bwawe muri rusange n'imibereho myiza yawe.

Ese PDD ishobora kwirindwa?

Oya. Nta kintu na kimwe wakora kugira ngo wirinde indwara ya PDD cyangwa indi ndwara iyo ari yo yose iri mu cyiciro cya ASD. Kuba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe muyirwaye ntabwo bivuze ko hari ikintu kibi mwakoze. Hari impamvu nyinshi zituma abantu barwara PDD, nta na kimwe muri byo kiri munsi y’ubushobozi bwanyu. Nanone, nta bimenyetso bya siyansi bigaragaza ko inkingo z’abana zitera PDD cyangwa ASD.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya PDD ni ugusuzuma indwara hakiri kare no gutangira imiti hakiri kare . Ariko ntabwo bitinda gutangira kuyivura, kuko kuyivura bishobora kuba ingirakamaro mu myaka iyo ari yo yose.

Ni ryari ngomba kubonana na muganga wanjye?

Niba utekereza ko umwana wawe afite PDD cyangwa indi ndwara isa nayo, vugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye no gupima imikurire y'umwana. Azakubwira niba gupima umwana wawe ari ibisanzwe kandi niba ukeneye kubonana n'inzobere kugira ngo akore isuzuma rirambuye.

Niba uri umuntu mukuru kandi ukaba utekereza ko ushobora kuba ufite indwara yitwa PDD cyangwa ASD, saba ubufasha kwa muganga w’umuryango wawe cyangwa umuganga w’ibanze. Kubera ko ubumenyi bwiyongereye kuri ASD, hari uburyo bwinshi n’ubufasha biboneka muri iki gihe kurusha uko byari bimeze mu myaka mike ishize. Ntabwo bitinda kubona ubufasha ukeneye.

Waba ari wowe cyangwa umwana wawe, gupimwa indwara y'imikurire bishobora gutera ubwoba—nk'uko bijya mu isi nshya. Cyangwa bishobora gutuma uhumurizwa no kubona igisubizo cy'ikibazo umaze igihe kinini wibaza. Ariko, umuganga wawe arahari kugufasha. Impuguke zizi byinshi kuri ASD muri iki gihe kurusha uko zari zibizi mu myaka icumi cyangwa ibiri ishize.

Muri make, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Abantu bafite ASD babona isi mu buryo butandukanye gato – ariko ibyo si bibi. Gushyiraho imiterere cyangwa gahunda mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi ni uburyo bwiza bwo kwibeshaho. Ni uburyo bwiza kandi bwo kwereka umwana wawe ko umukunda uko ari.

Witinya. Ntabwo uri wenyine. Niba ukeka ko ufite PDD cyangwa ASD, menya neza ko wagisha inama kwa muganga. Gufata ingamba hakiri kare bishobora gufasha cyane mu kunoza ahazaza h'umwana wawe. Wibuke ko buri mwana ari uw'agaciro, kandi dushobora gufasha buri mwana kugera ku bushobozi bwe bwose.

Indwara y'iterambere ikwirakwira, PDD, Indwara ya Autism Spectrum, ASD, Iterambere ry'Umwana, Iterambere ry'Ubwonko, Ubuhanga mu Mibanire , Ingorane mu itumanaho, Ingaruka za Genetic, Ubuvuzi bw'Imyitwarire