Ese ufite ikibazo ku mugozi w'umutima wawe w'ibihaha? Reka tubiganireho! (Indwara y'umugozi w'ibihaha)

Ese hari igihe wumva ufunganye gato mu gituza, ugorwa no guhumeka, cyangwa se ukagira imyitozo ngororamubiri mike? Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'ikibazo cy'umuyoboro w'ibihaha byawe, ukora nk'irembo rito mu mutima wawe. Ntugahangayike, tuzabiganiraho birambuye kandi byoroshye uyu munsi. Kubyumva bizaguha impumuro nziza.

Indwara y'imitsi yo mu gifu ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara y’imitsi y’ibihaha ni indwara iyo ari yo yose aho imitsi y’ibihaha, umutsi w’ingenzi cyane mu mutima wacu, idakora neza. Tekereza nk’umurinzi w’irembo. Ni yo yemerera amaraso kuva mu cyumba cyo hasi kiri iburyo bw’umutima wawe, iburyo bw’umutima wawe , akajya mu mutsi mukuru ujyana amaraso mu bihaha, umutsi w’ibihaha . Iyo amaraso ageze mu bihaha, afata umwuka mushya wa ogisijeni. Hanyuma, ayo maraso yuzuye ogisijeni akwirakwira mu mubiri wose, agaha ubuzima uturemangingo twacu.

Rero, iyo habayeho ikibazo kuri uyu muyoboro w'ibihaha, biragorana ko amaraso yawe agera mu bihaha byawe. Bigenda bite se? Ingirabuzimafatizo, uturemangingo, n'ingingo z'umubiri zibona umwuka wa ogisijeni bitinze. Ibi bimeze nk'umuyoboro w'amazi ufunga amazi maze umuvuduko w'amazi ukagabanuka. Niyo mpamvu tugira ibibazo bitandukanye.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'indwara y'imitsi yo mu gifu?

Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bw'indwara yo mu mitsi yo mu bihaha. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo, mu buryo bworoshye:

1. Gusubiza amaraso mu maraso: Iki ni igihe amaraso adafunga neza, maze amaraso amwe agasubira inyuma. Tekereza nk'amazi adafunze neza, amazi agasohoka mu maraso. Hanyuma umutima ugomba gukora cyane kugira ngo usubize ayo maraso inyuma.

2. Stenose y'imitsi y'ibihaha: Iki ni cyo gihe umutsi uba muto, cyangwa uzibye neza. Ibi bigabanya inzira amaraso atemberamo. Tekereza nko gukanda umuyoboro w'amazi, ugagabanya inzira amazi atemberamo. Ibi bituma umutima ukora cyane kugira ngo utere amaraso imbere.

3. Kurwara indwara y'umutima mu mara: Iyi ni indwara ikomeye. Iyi ni indwara iterwa n'uko umwana avuka afite umuyoboro utari wavutse cyangwa udakuze neza . Iyi ni indwara y'umutima yavukanye.

Indwara y'imitsi y'ibihaha ikunze kugaragara gute?

Reka turebe uburyo izi ndwara zikunze kugaragara.

Gusubirana kw'amaraso mu mitsi y'ibihaha (amaraso ava inyuma anyuze mu mitsi y'ibihaha) mu by'ukuri ni ibintu bikunze kugaragara cyane.Hari abantu bavukana imiterere itandukanye gato y’imitsi. Abantu bafite ubwo busumbane mu mikorere y’umubiri bakunze kugira amahirwe menshi yo kurwara imitsi yo mu bihaha. Ariko, akenshi, iba yoroheje cyane. Ibyo ntibivuze ko ari ikintu cyo gutinya cyangwa kuvura. Ku bantu benshi, nta kibazo gikomeye gitera.

Gucika intege kw'imitsi y'amaraso mu mitsi y'ibihaha (pulmonary valve stenosis) bibaho ku bantu bagera kuri 7% bafite indwara z'umutima bavukanye.

Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, hafi umwana umwe ku bana 7.000 avuka afite ikibazo cyo kubura imitsi mu bihaha (kutagira umugozi w'amaraso mu gihe cyo kuvuka). Nubwo imibare yo mu gihugu cyacu atari yo nyayo, iki ni ikibazo kigomba kwitabwaho.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iyi ndwara bishobora kuba?

Ibimenyetso by'indwara y'imitsi y'ibihaha bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi. Hari abantu bashobora kugira ibi bimenyetso:

• Kubabara mu gituza: Ukumva nk'aho igituza cyawe kirimo gukandamizwa, rimwe na rimwe ndetse no mu gihe uhumeka.
• Umunaniro: Kumva unaniwe gusa, kumva ufite intege nke ku buryo ntacyo wakora.
• Kubabara umutwe: Kumva umeze nk'uzunguza umutwe, rimwe na rimwe ndetse no gucika intege.
• Guhumeka nabi: Kugorwa no guhumeka, guhumeka nabi, ndetse no mu gihe ugenda gato cyangwa uzamuka ingazi.
• Kudashobora gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri: Sinshaka kwiruka, gusimbuka, cyangwa gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nkuko nabikoraga mbere, kandi nubwo nabikora, ndananirwa vuba.

Ariko ibuka ko abantu bafite stenosis yoroheje cyangwa ubwiyongere bworoheje bashobora kutagira ibimenyetso. Niyo mpamvu ibizamini byo kwa muganga ari ingenzi.

Iyo umwana afite uburwayi bwa Pulmonary Atresia, ashobora kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka, kugorwa no kugaburira, akenshi agasinzira, ndetse rimwe na rimwe akaba afite ibara ry'ubururu ku ruhu rwe (Cyanosis). Iki ni ikintu mukwiye kwitondera cyane. Nk'ababyeyi, niba mubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, mugomba guhita mubonana na muganga.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera indwara y'imitsi yo mu gifu?

Impamvu zitera iyi ndwara ziratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'indwara. Reka turebe uko bigenda.

• Impamvu zitera indwara ya stenosis y'ibihaha: Akenshi, biragoye kubona impamvu yihariye ibitera. Ariko, iyi ndwara ishobora guterwa n'indwara zimwe na zimwe zikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo cyangwa niba umubyeyi yanduye indwara nka rubella mu gihe atwite. Rubella ni indwara ishobora kwibasira umwana uri mu nda, bityo ni ngombwa kwitonda mu gihe atwite.
• Impamvu zitera gusubirana kw'imitsi y'ibihaha:Ibi bishobora kugira impamvu nyinshi. Urugero, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (cyane cyane umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso mu bihaha), indwara yo mu mutima, umuriro wa rubagimpande, nibindi. Bishobora kandi guterwa n'ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by'umutima cyangwa uburyo bivurwa. Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane cyane ku bantu barwaye indwara y'umutima yitwa Tetralogy of Fallot.
• Impamvu zitera Atresia y'ibihaha: Akenshi, impamvu nyayo y'iyi ndwara ntiramenyekana. Ariko, bikekwa ko iterwa n'impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo z'umwana uri mu nda, guhura n'uburozi mu bidukikije mu gihe atwite, cyangwa ikindi kintu umubyeyi afata.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa n'iyi ndwara?

Indwara y'imitsi y'ibihaha ituma imitsi y'umutima ikora cyane kugira ngo igeze amaraso mu bihaha. Ibi bishobora kwangiza umutima wawe no kuwutera kwaguka. Nubwo bidakunze kubaho, iyo iki kibazo kibaye gikomeye, gishobora gutera umutima guhagarara neza . Ibi bivuze ko umutima wawe udashobora kujyana amaraso mu mubiri wawe.

Abana barwaye indwara y’umwijima n’imitsi itera umutima ku buryo budasanzwe, bityo ubuvuzi bwihuse ni ingenzi.

Iyi ndwara ipimwa ite?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, iyo yumvise ijwi ridasanzwe iyo yumva umutima wawe (ukoresheje stethoscope ) , bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya Pulmonary Regurgitation cyangwa Pulmonary Stenosis. Iri jwi ni ijwi ridasanzwe riterwa n'amaraso atembera mu miyoboro y'amaraso.

Ni ibihe bipimo bikorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane iyi ndwara?

Muganga ashobora gukora ibizamini bikurikira kugira ngo yemeze indwara y'imitsi yo mu bihaha:

• Echocardiogram y'umwana uri mu nda: Ibi bifasha kumenya indwara nka Pulmonary Atresia mbere yuko umwana avuka.
• Echocardiogram (Echo): Ibi bishobora kureba ibintu byinshi, nko gukora k'umutima n'imiterere y'imitsi. Bikoreshwa mu kumenya 'Atresia', 'Stenosis' cyangwa 'Regurgitation'. Ni nko gufata ifoto y'umutima ukoresheje amajwi.
• Isuzuma rya Pulse Oximetry: Ibi bikoreshwa mu kugenzura urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso mu gihe umuntu arwaye `atresia`. Ni ikizamini cyoroshye gikorwa hakoreshejwe agakoresho ko gukanda ku rutoki.
• Gupima umutima: Ibi bikorwa mu gihe umuntu arwaye `Atresia` cyangwa `Stenosis`. Uburyo bwo kunyuzamo umuyoboro muto mu mitsi y'amaraso mu mutima kugira ngo hapimwe umuvuduko w'amaraso, kandi nibiba ngombwa, havurwe.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG): Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima mu gihe ufite `Atresia` cyangwa `Regurgitation`.
• MRI y'umutima (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Ibi bifasha gufata amashusho arambuye y'umutima mu gihe ufite `Stenosis` cyangwa `Regurgitation`.
• X-ray yo mu gituza: Ibi bifasha kureba ingano y'umutima n'imiterere y'ibihaha mu gihe cyo "gusubira inyuma".

Indwara y'imitsi yo mu bihaha ivurwa ite?

Uburyo bwo kuvura ibi butandukana bitewe n'indwara ufite. Hari igihe bishobora kugenzurwa n'imiti, rimwe na rimwe bishobora no kubagwa.

Imiti n'uburyo bwo kuvura byihariye

Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura indwara y'imitsi yo mu bihaha:

• Valvuloplasty y'inyuma: Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo hagurwe valve y'ibihaha yagabanutse. Ibi bikorwa hinjijwe agakoresho gato kameze nk'inyuma muri valve hanyuma kakayishyushya.
• Imiti cyangwa gushyiramo stent (kuri "Atresia"): Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo "Ductus Arteriosus" ikomeze gufunguka, umuyoboro w'amaraso ufunga vuba umwana amaze kuvuka. Gufungura uyu muyoboro bifasha amaraso gutembera mu bihaha.
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso: Iyi miti itangwa kugira ngo ikumire amazi mu mubiri bitewe n'umutima unanirwa guterwa n'amaraso ava mu miyoboro y'amaraso. Ituma umubiri usohora amazi arenze urugero mu nkari.
• Imiti yo kuvura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso mu bihaha (umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso mu bihaha) cyangwa indwara ya Endocarditis (indwara y'umutima) (yo kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe): Imiti itangwa kugira ngo igenzure izi ndwara.
• Uburyo bwo kubaga umutima ufunguye cyangwa ukoresheje transcatheter: Ubu buryo bukoreshwa mu gusana valve irimo kuva cyangwa gushyiramo valve nshya.

Ingaruka mbi/ingaruka mbi zo kuvurwa

Hari abana bashobora kugorwa no kurya nyuma yo kubagwa, kandi bashobora gukenera kugaburirwa binyuze mu muyoboro muto unyuze mu mazuru yabo (kugaburira abana mu muyoboro).

Nyuma yo gusimbuza valve, umwana wawe azakenera gufata imiti yica udukoko iyo agiye gukora ikizamini cy'amenyo. Iyi miti igabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara y'umutima yitwa endocarditis.

Nyuma yuko valve y'ibihaha isana, ishobora kongera kuva, kandi muganga ashobora kuyigura cyangwa kuyisimbuza.

Nkuko bigenda mu kubagwa kose, hari amahirwe make yo kwandura cyangwa kuva amaraso, ariko abaganga babyitondera cyane.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Nyuma yo kubagwa `Pulmonary Atresia`, umwana wawe azaba ari mu bitaro mu gihe cy'icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri. Nyuma yo kubagwa `Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation`, gukira bishobora gufata ibyumweru, ndetse n'amezi. Nyuma yo kubagwa `Valvuloplasty` kubera `Pulmonary Stenosis`, uzakenera kwirinda gukora imirimo ivunanye mu gihe cy'icyumweru kimwe.

Ni iki wakwitega niba ufite indwara y'imitsi yo mu bihaha?

Ubunararibonye bwawe kuri iyi ndwara bushobora kuba butandukanye n'ubw'undi muntu. Hari abantu bafite ibimenyetso bike cyane kandi bashobora kudakenera kubagwa. Abandi bashobora gukenera kubagwa inshuro zirenze imwe mu buzima bwabo.

Igitekerezo ku ndwara y'imitsi y'ibihaha

Icyizere cy’abana bafite valvuloplasty yo gupima stenosis y’imitsi yo mu bihaha ni cyiza cyane . Akenshi nta kindi bakeneye uretse kwisuzumisha buri gihe kwa muganga w’indwara z’umutima w’abana. Hari abantu bashobora gukenera kongera kwagura imitsi yabo nyuma y’imyaka 15.

Indwara yo mu bihaha ishobora kwica iyo itavuwe, ariko abana benshi bararokoka kugeza bakuze nyuma yo kubagwa.

Icyizere cy’uko abantu bafite ikibazo cyo gusubira kwa gazi mu mitsi y’ibihaha ni cyiza. Ku bantu bafite indwara zikomeye, icyizere cy’uko bakira vuba indwara yabo giterwa n’uko bakira vuba.

Nagabanya gute ibyago?

Ntushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara y'imitsi y'ibihaha, indwara ibaho nta mpamvu izwi. Ariko niba uteganya gutwita, menya neza ko wahawe urukingo rwa Rubella.

Ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation wirinda indwara zibitera, nka Pulmonary Hypertension, Endocarditis, na Rheumatic Fever.

Nitwara nte?

Genzura ibintu ushobora kugenzura kandi ukomeze kugira umutima mwiza.

• Genzura umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe n'urugero rwa cholesterol.
• Irinde burundu ibikomoka ku itabi.
• Siporo buri gihe. Ndetse no kugenda n'amaguru gusa iminota 30 ku munsi ni byiza.
• Kurya imbuto, imboga, n'ibiryo birimo amavuta make cyangwa ntayo yuzuye. Indyo yacu yo mu gace irakwiriye cyane kuri ibi.

Ni ryari ngomba kubonana na muganga wanjye?

Ntucikwe gahunda zo gukurikirana ugiye guhura na muganga w’indwara z’umutima. Ashobora kugenzura niba valve yawe igikora neza. Ashobora kandi kongeramo bimwe mu bizamini byakoreshejwe mu kugusuzuma. Urugero:

• Echocardiogram (Ishusho)
• Gupima CT (Isuzuma rya mudasobwa - Gupima CT)
• MRI y'umutima
• EKG (Electrocardiogram - EKG)

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bwihutirwa (ETU) ?

Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, jya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bwihuse:

• Gucika intege kenshi.
• Guhumeka bigoranye cyane.
• Kumva umutima wawe urimo gutera cyane (Heart Palpitations).
• Ibimenyetso by'ubwandu cyangwa kuva amaraso, nk'umuriro n'amaraso mu gituba, nyuma yo kubagwa.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Ushobora kubaza muganga ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kuvura (cyangwa umwana wanjye)?
• Ese uzi icyateye indwara yanjye (cyangwa iy'umwana wanjye) yo mu mitsi y'ibihaha?
• Ni kangahe nkeneye kuza kugusura (cyangwa umwana wanjye)?
• Ese hari amatsinda yo gufasha ababyeyi bafite abana barwaye indwara z'umutima?

Amaherezo, ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Ni ibisanzwe kumva ubabaye gato iyo umenye ko umwana wawe (cyangwa umutima wawe) afite indwara y’imitsi y’ibihaha. Ariko ntugahangayike. Abaganga b’umutima bahura n’ibibazo nk’ibi by’imitsi y’ibihaha igihe cyose. Bashobora gukoresha ubunararibonye bwabo kugira ngo bamenye uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura wowe cyangwa umwana wawe.

Ntutinye kubaza ibibazo ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose utumva. Jya mu bizamini byose muganga yagutegetse, kandi ufate imiti yose uhawe ku gihe. Ntabwo uri wenyine, kandi hari abaganga, abaforomo, n'umuryango wawe bazagufasha muri uru rugendo. Kugumana icyizere nabyo ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ukire vuba.

Indwara y'imitsi y'ibihaha, Umutima, Indwara y'umutima, Kugorwa no guhumeka, Ububabare bwo mu gituza, Indwara y'umutima yo kuvukana, Ibibazo by'imitsi y'umutima, Stenose y'ibihaha, Gusubira mu myanya y'ibihaha, Atresia y'ibihaha