Ese umwana wawe yumva atagukunda? Bishobora kuba ari indwara yo kwishimagura (RAD)!

Ba mama na ba papa, mwigeze mubona cyangwa mwumva abana bato badakunda ababitaho, ndetse n'ababyeyi babo? Ni nk'aho bari bonyine mu isi yabo. Iki ni ikibazo kibabaje cyane, kandi hari ibisobanuro by'abaganga kuri cyo. Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga kuri kimwe muri ibyo bibazo, cyitwa `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD).'

"Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)" ni iki?

Mu magambo make, `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)` ni indwara aho umwana muto adashobora kugirana umubano mwiza n'abamurera, nka nyina na se. Impamvu nyamukuru ibitera ni uko umwana atabonye urukundo n'umutekano bikwiye mu myaka ye ya mbere, cyangwa yarirengagijwe cyangwa yarahohotewe. Abana bafite `RAD` bagorwa no kugenzura amarangamutima yabo. Bagorwa kandi no kugirana umubano wa hafi n'abandi. Igitangaje ni uko rimwe na rimwe nubwo abarera babakunda cyane kandi bakaba abagwaneza, abo bana bashobora no kutababegera, kandi bashobora kugaragara nk'aho bafite ubwoba.

Ni nde ufite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara indwara yo kwishimagura (RAD)?

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bana bato batitabwaho ku mubiri cyangwa mu byiyumvo cyangwa bahohoterwa. Ariko, ishobora no kwibasira abana bakuru. Abana bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara ya RAD ni:

• Abarera abana benshi: Tekereza umwana wimuwe ava mu kigo kimwe cy’abana bamushyira mu kindi, cyangwa ava mu muryango umwe w’abana bamushyira mu wundi, kandi ntashobore kugirana umubano uhoraho n’umuntu uwo ari we wese.
• Gutandukana nyuma yo gushyikirana: Iyo umwana amaze kugirana umubano mwiza n'umurera we w'ibanze, agomba gutandukana na we.
• Ibihombo bikabije mu bwana bwe: Iyo umwana ahuye n'ibihombo bikomeye cyangwa ibibazo byinshi akiri muto adashobora kwihanganira.
• Ababyeyi badashaka kuba hafi y'abana babo: Bamwe mu babyeyi cyangwa abarera abana babo ntibagira icyo bakora kugira ngo babashe kuba hafi y'abana babo mu buryo bw'amarangamutima.
• Gushyira abana mu bigo: Niba ugomba kumara igihe ahantu nk'imfubyi, nta rukundo rw'ababyeyi.

Hari igihe ababyeyi barera umwana, batazi byinshi ku mateka y'umwana, bashobora kugorwa no kwishyira hamwe n'uwo mwana mushya mu muryango. Cyane cyane iyo umwana afite ikibazo cyo kudahuzagurika mu byiyumvo. Niba uri umubyeyi mushya, umwana wawe agaragaza ibimenyetso bya 'RAD', cyangwa ufite ikibazo cyo kwihuza n'umwana wawe, menya neza ko wavuganye na muganga w'umwana wawe maze akagusuzumisha.

`Indwara yo Guhuza Ibitekerezo (RAD)` ikunze kugaragara gute?

Mu by’ukuri, biragoye kuvuga neza uburyo ibi bikunze kugaragara, kuko ingero nyinshi zitatangazwa. Ariko, bivugwa ko hagati ya 1% na 2% by’abana bashobora kuba bafite indwara ya RAD. Abana bimurwa mu ngo zabo bagashyirwa mu bindi bice, nko mu bigo by’imfubyi, bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara RAD. Kimwe cya kabiri cy’aba bana bagira ingorane zo kugirana umubano n’abandi uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara yo kwishimagura (RAD)?

Ibimenyetso bya RAD bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umwana, ariko bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara ku bana bato n'impinja birimo:

• Kutagaragaza amarangamutima meza: Iyo bari kumwe n'abandi, ntibagaragaza amarangamutima meza nko kwihumuriza, urukundo, n'ibyishimo.
• Kwirinda kurebana mu maso no kubikora ku mubiri: Kudashaka kureba umuntu mu maso cyangwa kumukoraho.
• Kugaragaza ubwoba n'umujinya: Guhora urakaye, urira kandi ubabaye.
• Kugerageza kugenzura: Bagerageza kugenzura ibintu bibakikije. Ibi bituma bica amategeko.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya `Inhibited Reactive Attachment Disorder` na `Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)`?

Indi ndwara ifitanye isano na `Inhibited Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)` ni `Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED).` Ariko hari itandukaniro hagati y’ibyo byombi. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo.

`RAD` (Ibujijwe)

Abana bafite `RAD` baba bazi ibiri kuba hafi yabo, ariko ntibabyitabira mu buryo bw'amarangamutima. Ntibagaragaza cyangwa ngo bashake urukundo ku babitaho cyangwa abandi. Bakunda kuba bonyine. Harimo:

• Kwirinda ababitaho.
• Kwirinda imimerere yo mu muryango.
• Yirinda ibintu bihumuriza (urugero: guhoberana).

`DSED` (Idakumirwa - ifunguye hanze, ariko nta mbogamizi)

Abana bafite `Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)` bashobora kuba inshuti cyane n'abantu batazi. Bashobora no kubakurikira batabanje kubaza ababyeyi babo. Akenshi, abo bana bitwara nk'abana bato kurusha imyaka yabo kandi bashobora gushaka urukundo mu buryo butizewe. Ibimenyetso ni ibi:

• Nta mibanire isanzwe (nk'uko bimeze ku wundi muntu uwo ari we wese).
• Gushaka kwitabwaho na buri wese.
• Kwitwara mu buryo budakwiriye imyaka y'umuntu.
• Ntabwo asobanukiwe n'imipaka y'imibereho.

Urugero, umwana ufite `RAD` ashobora kwitandukanya n'abandi mu birori akicara mu mfuruka wenyine. Ariko umwana ufite `DSED` azagera aho akavugana n'abantu bose atazi, wenda ndetse akazamuka ku bibero byabo. Bombi bafite ibibazo by'urukundo ruzima, ariko uburyo bavugamo buratandukanye.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Nta mpamvu n'imwe yihariye ituma abana barwaye RAD bagira iyi ndwara.Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma umwana adashobora gusabana n'abamurera:

• Guhohoterwa cyangwa kutitabwaho: Umwana yumva yatereranywe kandi ari wenyine. Urugero, iyo ababyeyi bahora barwana kandi ntibamugenzure, umwana ntabona urukundo n'impuhwe akeneye.
• Kubura ibiryo: Iyo umwana adahabwa ibiryo n'ibyo kunywa bihagije, ibyo bikaba ari ikintu cy'ibanze akeneye.
• Ibibazo by'umutekano: Niba umwana yumva afite ubwoba ko ari mu kaga.
• Kutagira isuku: Umwana amara amasaha menshi yambaye imyenda y'abana batose, iyo ntawe uyimuhinduriye.
• Impinduka zikunze kubaho mu barera abana: Umwana ashobora kutamenya uwo yiringira.
• Kwita ku mwana mu buryo butari bwo: Iyo umwana ahabwa ibyo akeneye rimwe na rimwe, cyane cyane iyo atazi igihe cyo kwitega ko agirirwa impuhwe n'ihumure n'abamurera.

Abana bato bagirana ubucuti bwiza iyo ibyo bakeneye by'ibanze byubahirijwe buri gihe kandi buri gihe . Ibi byubaka icyizere hagati y'umwana n'abamurera. Iyo ibyo umwana akeneye ku mubiri no mu byiyumvo bidahuye neza, aba afite ibyago byo kurwara `RAD`.

Indwara yo kwishimagura (RAD) ipimwa ite?

Kugira ngo umuganga w'umwana wawe amenye indwara ya RAD, azakubaza amateka y'ubuzima bw'umwana wawe n'ibimenyetso umwana wawe agaragaza. Kugira ngo umuganga asobanukirwe neza ibimenyetso by'umwana wawe, ashobora kubaza ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Ese umwana wawe yigeze ahohoterwa cyangwa ngo yirengagirwe?
• Ni ryari wabonye ibi bimenyetso bwa mbere?
• Ni ibihe bintu wabonye mbere?
• Imibanire yawe n'umwana wawe imeze ite?
• Imibereho yawe imeze ite?
• Ese hari abandi barezi bagira uruhare mu bijyanye n'umwana?

Niba umuganga wawe akeka ko ufite indwara ya RAD, ashobora kohereza wowe n'umwana wawe kwa muganga w'abana, uw'imitekerereze y'abantu, n'uw'indwara zo mu mutwe kugira ngo bagufashe gusuzuma indwara y'umwana wawe no kukugira inama yo kugufasha.

Ese birashoboka kwitiranya `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)` na `Autism Spectrum Disorder`?

Mbere yo kwemeza ko umwana afite `RAD`, muganga azakoresha ibizamini kugira ngo amenye izindi mpamvu, cyane cyane indwara nka `Autism Spectrum Disorder`. `Autism Spectrum Disorder` ni indwara itera ingaruka ku myitwarire y'umuntu no ku mibanire ye. Ku rundi ruhande, ishobora kugira ibimenyetso bisa na `RAD`. Itandukaniro rikomeye ni uko ihohoterwa cyangwa kutitabwaho atari byo bitera `Autism Spectrum Disorder`, ariko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku isuzuma rya `RAD`.

Indwara yo kwishimagura (RAD) ivurwa ite?

Intego nyamukuru mu kuvura indwara ya RAD ni ugushyiraho umubano mwiza mu buryo bw'amarangamutima hagati y'abana n'ababitaho.cyangwa kugarura imibanire iteye ubwoba kandi igoye. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bukomeza umwana mu byiyumvo, ibyo bikaba bimufasha kugirana umubano mwiza n'abandi. Abana n'abarera bungukira muri ubu buryo bwo kuvura. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bushobora kuba burimo:

• Ubujyanama mu by’imitekerereze/Ubujyanama: Umujyanama mu by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe akorana n’umwana n’ababyeyi kugira ngo abafashe kugira ubumenyi bwiza mu by’amarangamutima no kugabanya imyitwarire ibangamira umubano.
• Ubuvuzi bw'umuryango: Ibi bikubiyemo abarera abana b'ibanze n'umwana gukorera hamwe kugira ngo bafashe guteza imbere uburyo bwiza bwo kuganira n'abandi.
• Ubuvuzi bw'Imibanire y'Abantu: Ubu buvuzi bwigisha umwana uburyo bwo kwitwara neza n'abandi bana b'ikigero kimwe mu bihe bisanzwe byo gusabana. Ababyeyi nabo bagira uruhare muri ibi, bafasha umwana gukoresha ubu buhanga yize hanze y'ubuvuzi.
• Uburezi bwihariye: Niba umwana abukeneye, gahunda zo ku rwego rw'ishuri zishobora gufasha abana kwiga ubumenyi bakeneye kugira ngo batsinde mu myigire no mu mibereho myiza.
• Amasomo y'Ubuhanga bwo Kurera: Muri aya masomo, ababyeyi bashobora kwiga uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga imyitwarire igoye y'umwana wabo.

Ese hari izindi ngorane zishobora guterwa n'indwara yo kwishimagura (RAD)?

Yego, abana bafite `RAD` baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara zitandukanye mu bwana bwabo no mu bwangavu bitewe no kutitabwaho no guhohoterwa ku mubiri, mu byiyumvo no mu mibanire. Izi ngorane zishobora kuba zirimo:

• Intambwe z'iterambere zatinze no kugabanuka k'imikurire y'umubiri.
• Ingorane z'amarangamutima, urugero, kwiheba, guhangayika, indwara yo guhangayika nyuma yo guhungabana (PTSD), n'ibibazo byo gucunga uburakari.
• Indwara zo kurya.
• Ingorane zo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge.
• Ibibazo ku ishuri (ibibazo byo kwiga cyangwa imyitwarire).
• Ibibazo mu mibanire (n'abo mungana, abantu bakuru, hanyuma abo mufitanye isano).
• Imyitwarire iteza akaga, urugero nko gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina ukiri muto cyangwa kenshi.

Ni ryari umwana wanjye azabana neza nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Iyo abana badafite ubuvuzi, barashobora kugira ibimenyetso kugeza bakuze. Bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere yabo muri sosiyete. Ubuvuzi ni inzira y'igihe kirekire itanga ubufasha bw'amarangamutima ku mwana. Bushobora no gukenerwa mu buzima bwose. Nta gihe cyagenwe cy'igihe umwana wawe azagirira imibanire myiza. Ariko, ubuvuzi bufashijwe n'ababitaho butanga umusaruro mwiza.

Ni gute wakwirinda `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda indwara ya RAD ni ugufasha abana kugirana umubano mwiza n'ababyeyi babo cyangwa abandi barezi b'ibanze. Imibanire myiza ibaho iyo abarezi bakoze ibi bikurikira:

• Guteza imbere umubano w'umuryango binyuze mu mibanire ihamye kandi ihamye.
• Gutuma abana bumva ko bakundwa kandi bemerewe.
• Gushyigikira abana mu byiciro bitandukanye by'imikurire yabo.
• Buri gihe hita uha umwana ibyo akeneye by'ibanze.

Nafasha nte umwana wanjye kubaka umubano mwiza?

Nk'umurezi, ushobora gufasha umwana wawe kugira ubuzima bwiza binyuze mu:

• Gushyiraho imipaka: Kuba ahantu hahoraho ni byiza ku bana bose. Kubwibyo, gushyiraho imipaka ni ingenzi cyane. Hamwe n'imipaka ikwiye n'imyitozo ikwiye kandi itari iy'umubiri, abana basobanukirwa icyo basabwa gukora n'ikizababaho nibaramuka barenze ku mategeko. Ibi bigabanya ubwoba bw'abana kandi bikabatera imbaraga zo kwitwara neza.
• Komeza gutuza iyo umwana wawe yitwaye nabi: Iyo umwana wawe yitwaye nabi, komeza gutuza; ntugire icyo ukora niba urakaye. Ha umwana wawe igihano ukurikije amategeko washyizeho mbere kandi umwana wawe abizi. Iyo umwana wawe amaze gutuza kandi yiteguye umubano mwiza, garagaza urukundo n'ubugwaneza. Ibi byereka umwana wawe ko uhari kumufasha, ndetse no mu bihe bigoye.
• Garagaza urukundo n'ubwitonzi buhoraho: Marana umwanya uri wenyine n'umwana wawe. Muganirize, muririmbire, mukine. Mufate, muhobere, cyangwa ukore ibindi bintu bimwereka urukundo n'ubwitonzi biturutse ku muntu umurera. Ariko, ibuka ko bamwe mu bana bashobora kudakunda ubwo bwoko bw'ubwitonzi kurusha abandi. Kumwima urukundo n'ubwitonzi ntabwo ari uburyo bwiza bwo guhana.

Ni iki nkwiye kwitega mu gihe mfite umwana ufite `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Abana benshi bahabwa ubuvuzi bwa RAD bagirana umubano mwiza kandi uhamye n'ababitaho mbere na mbere ndetse n'abandi bantu mu buzima bwabo. Abana batahabwa ubuvuzi baba bari mu kaga ko kugira ibibazo by'amarangamutima bihoraho. Ku bw'amahirwe, ntibitinda gushaka ubuvuzi bw'indwara z'imikurire n'iz'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, harimo na RAD. Ni ngombwa kwibuka ibi bintu:

• Abana benshi barerwa mu bigo by'imfubyi babaho ubuzima bwiza kandi burambye. Si buri mwana wese warerwaga aba afite "RAD".
• Abana bahuye n'ihungabana rikomeye mu bihe byashize bashobora kugira izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe n'imyitwarire. Urugero, kuba barahuye n'ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa inzoga mu gihe batwite, cyangwa kuba barahuye n'ibibazo by'amarangamutima mu muryango, bishobora gutera indwara ya RAD.

``Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)` imaze igihe kingana iki?

Indwara yo kwishimagura (RAD) ni indwara ibaho ubuzima bwose. Ariko, kuvurwa no gushyigikirwa bishobora gufasha umwana kugira imibanire myiza mu buzima bwe bwose, kandi bigashobora no kunoza imibereho ye mu marangamutima no mu mibanire.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ubonye ko umwana wawe afite ikibazo cyo kugirana umubano usanzwe, cyangwa niba ubonye ibimenyetso bya `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)` ku mwana wawe, hita ubonana na muganga w'umwana wawe kugira ngo asuzumwe cyangwa yoherezwe kwa muganga w'inzobere. Gusuzuma no kuvura hakiri kare bishobora gufasha abana bafite iyi ndwara kugera ku musaruro mwiza.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

• Ese nkwiye kohereza umwana wanjye mu bujyanama?
• Ni iki gituma umwana wanjye agaragaza ibimenyetso bya `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?
• Ese ushobora kunyandikira inzobere cyangwa itsinda rishinzwe ubufasha rikorana n'abana n'imiryango ifite iki kibazo?
• Ese ibimenyetso by'umwana wanjye bizahinduka uko agenda akura? Ese hari ibintu nkwiye kwitondera cyane?

Ni ngombwa gusabana n'umwana wawe no kumufata mu buryo butuma yumva akunzwe. Niba umwana wawe adafitanye isano ryiza n'amarangamutima yawe cyangwa umurera w'ibanze, gana umuganga wawe w'ibanze. Gushaka inama cyangwa ubuvuzi ntibisobanura ko uri umubyeyi mubi. Ahubwo, bifungura amarembo yo kubaka umubano ukomeye, mwiza kandi w'ubuzima bwose n'umwana wawe.

Ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Indwara yo kwishimagura (RAD) si ikintu cyo kwiheba. Iyo abana bavumbuwe hakiri kare, bagahabwa ubuvuzi bukwiye, kandi bagacumbikirwa mu buryo bwuje urukundo kandi buhamye, bashobora kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi burangwa n'ibyishimo. Ibuka:

• Buri mwana aratandukanye: Si buri mwana witabira ubuvuzi mu buryo bumwe. Gira kwihangana kandi wumve.
• Nturi wenyine: Hari abandi babyeyi bahura n'ibibazo nk'ibyo. Shaka ubufasha ku baganga, abajyanama, n'amatsinda y'abaterankunga.
• Urukundo n'ituze: Ikintu cyiza ushobora guha umwana ni urukundo rutagira icyo rushingiyeho n'ahantu hahamye kandi hatekanye.
• Ubufasha bw'inzobere: Niba ushidikanya, ntugatinye cyangwa ngo utinye gushaka inama kwa muganga. Ubwo ni bwo bufasha bukomeye ushobora guha umwana wawe.

Twese dufite inshingano zo guha abana bacu ubuto bwiza kandi burangwa n'urukundo. Twese dufatanye kubigeraho!

Indwara yo kwishimagura, indwara yo mu mutwe y'umwana, ibyiyumvo, imibanire hagati y'ababyeyi n'abana, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, kutitabwaho, iterambere ry'umwana