Sudesh (w’imyaka 23) yaje mu ivuriro ryanjye uwo munsi afite ubwoba bwinshi. Yari aherutse gusoma kuri interineti ko ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA (virusi itera SIDA) bwari bwiyongera cyane mu rubyiruko muri Sri Lanka.
"Dr. Priya, numva mfite ubwoba bwinshi iyo mbonye aya makuru. Ese koko ibintu bimeze nabi muri Sri Lanka? Ni iyihe mpamvu yatumye ibi bikwirakwira, cyane cyane mu basore? Ese ntitwabihunga?" Sudesh yabajije ashishikajwe cyane.
Nasobanuriye Sudesh mu buryo bworoheje nti: "Sudesh, ni ngombwa cyane ko ubaza iki kibazo. Kuko muri iki gihe ukwiyongera kwa virusi itera SIDA mu rubyiruko muri Sri Lanka kwabaye ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubuzima rusange. Ariko icy’ingenzi ni ukudatinya ibi, ahubwo ni ukumenya amakuru nyayo ya siyansi n’uburyo bwo kwirinda. Reka tubiganireho uyu munsi ku mugaragaro."
Amakuru avuga: Kuki virusi itera SIDA iri kwiyongera mu basore bakiri bato?
Iyo turebye amakuru aturuka muri gahunda y’igihugu yo kurwanya indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina no kurwanya SIDA muri Sri Lanka, bigaragara ko umubare munini w’abanduye agakoko gatera SIDA baherutse kugaragara muri iki gihe ari abasore.
Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe mu 2022, urubyiruko rufite imyaka 15-24 rungana na 12% by'abandura virusi itera SIDA. Muri bo, 92% ni abasore, naho 80% muri bo bavuze ko bakoranye imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye n'abagabo.
Umubare munini w'abanduye agakoko gatera SIDA wagaragaye mu turere twa Colombo, Gampaha, Kalutara na Kurunegala mu ntara z'Iburengerazuba n'Amajyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba, ndetse no mu karere ka Galle mu ntara y'Amajyepfo. Abantu benshi bavumbura ko bafite agakoko nyuma y'igihe kirekire. Muri icyo gihe, umubare wabo wa CD4 (umubare w'uturemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri) uba uri hasi cyane. Ibi bigaragaza ko bataragerageza gupima iyi ndwara hakiri kare.
Kuki imibonano mpuzabitsina y'abagabo n'abagore bahuje igitsina itera ibyago byinshi byo kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA?
Impamvu nyinshi z'ingenzi zigira uruhare mu kongera ibyago byo kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA mu bagabo bakorana imibonano mpuzabitsina n'abagabo (MSM) :
1. Ingaruka z’umubiri: Mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina mu kibuno, ingingo nziza mu kibuno zishobora gukomereka cyangwa gushwanyagurika byoroshye, bigatuma virusi iri mu mazi y’igitsina yinjira mu mubiri mu buryo butaziguye inyuze mu maraso.
2. Gukoresha agakingirizo gake: Nk’uko byagaragajwe n’ubushakashatsi butandukanye, umubare muto cyane (hafi 18%) w’abantu bakundana bahuje igitsina ni bo bakoresheje agakingirizo neza mu mibonano mpuzabitsina yabo ya nyuma.
3. Isuzugurwa mu Mibanire y'Abantu: Kubera gutinya isuzugurwa mu mibanire y'abantu n'amategeko, abantu benshi bahisha imiterere yabo y'igitsina. Ibi bituma badashaka kujya kwa muganga no kwipimisha agakoko gatera SIDA.
🚨 Indwara zidasanzwe zisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse
Ibimenyetso bikurikira bishobora kugaragara hagati y'ibyumweru 2 na 6 nyuma y'uko virusi itera SIDA yinjiye mu mubiri (mu gihe cy'uburwayi bwa seroconversion), kandi niba bigaragara nyuma yo guhura n'ibintu biteye amakenga, ugomba guhita ugana kwa muganga:
- Umuriro mwinshi udashira no kubira ibyuya byinshi nijoro.
- Kugabanya ibiro by'umubiri vuba mu gihe gito nta mpamvu (Kugabanya ibiro mu buryo budasobanutse).
- Utunyangingo tw’imitsi mu ijosi, mu kwaha, cyangwa mu kibuno mu gihe cy’ibyumweru byinshi.
- Impiswi igihe kirekire n'ibisebe byo mu kanwa bidakira cyangwa indwara z'ibihumyo.
Ni gute wakwirinda ikwirakwira rya virusi itera SIDA? (Kwirinda)
Ku bw'amahirwe, ibyago byo kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA bishobora gukurwaho burundu ukurikije ingeso nziza z'ubuzima:
- Gukoresha agakingirizo neza: Gukoresha agakingirizo neza igihe cyose ukoze imibonano mpuzabitsina bishobora gukumira kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA ku kigero kirenga 90%.
- Gukoresha PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis): Ibi byitwa pre-exposure prophylaxis . Uyu muti, ufatwa buri munsi n'abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA, urinda ibyago byo kwandura agakoko ku kigero cya 99%.
- Suzuma buri gihe: Umuntu wese ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina agomba kwipimisha agakoko gatera SIDA nibura rimwe mu mwaka. Kuri ubu, 86% by'abanduye muri Sri Lanka bazi ko bafite agakoko gatera SIDA, kandi UNAIDS (Gahunda Ihuriro ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye Ishinzwe Kurwanya SIDA) igamije kongera ibi bigera kuri 95%.
- Gukoresha PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis): Iyo habayeho imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye, ubu buryo bwihutirwa, bufatwa mu masaha 72, bushobora gukumira ikwirakwira rya virusi mu mubiri.
Uburyo bwo kuvura: Kubaho neza ufite agakoko gatera SIDA
Nubwo SIDA yafatwaga nk'indwara yica mu bihe byashize, ubuvuzi bwa none bwatumye abarwayi babasha kubaho igihe kirekire nk'umuntu muzima usanzwe.
Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura ni ART (Ubuvuzi bugabanya ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA) . Iyi miti igenzura byimazeyo ikwirakwira rya virusi mu mubiri.
Abantu bagera kuri 80% babana n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA muri Sri Lanka ubu bahabwa imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi, naho 87% byabo bafite virusi zitagaragara. Iyo virusi igenzuwe ku rugero rutagaragara mu isuzuma ry'amaraso (Undetectable = Untransmittable), ibyago byo kwanduza undi muntu bigabanuka kugeza kuri zeru (0%).
Ibyo gukora n'ibyo udakwiye gukora
| ✔️ Ibintu byo gukora (Gukora) | ❌ Ntugakore ibyo udakwiye gukora |
|---|---|
| Niba ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina, jya ku ivuriro rya leta rishinzwe imibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa ivuriro ryigenga ryizewe maze upimwe virusi itera SIDA mu ibanga. | Nubwo ibimenyetso byagaragara, ntugahishe indwara yawe utajya kwa muganga kubera gutinya ibitekerezo by'abaturage. |
| Niba uri mu itsinda ry’abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura, koresha PrEP buri munsi nk'uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse. | Irinde gusangira inshinge (ibi bikunze kugaragara mu bakoresha ibiyobyabwenge). |
| Niba ufite agakoko gatera SIDA, fata imiti ya ART wahawe na muganga wawe buri munsi ku gihe cyagenwe nta gusimbuka. | Ntugafate abantu babana n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA nk'urwango cyangwa ivangura. |
❓ Hari ibindi bibazo ushobora kuba ufite (FAQ)
Ni hehe nabona ibizamini bya virusi itera SIDA ku buntu muri Sri Lanka? ▼
Gupima agakoko gatera SIDA bishobora gukorerwa mu ivuriro rya leta iryo ari ryo ryose ryo ku kirwa, ku buntu, mu ibanga ryuzuye.
Ese gukoresha PrEP bishobora gukumira izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STIs) ?
Oya, PrEP irinda gusa kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA. Udukingirizo tugomba gukoreshwa mu kurinda izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, nka syphilis, gonorrhea, cyangwa herpes.
Ese birashoboka kwirinda kwanduza umwana agakoko gatera SIDA kuva ku mubyeyi? ▼
Yego, iyo umubyeyi ahawe imiti ijyanye na ART mu gihe atwite n'imiti yihariye umwana ahabwa nyuma yo kubyara, ibyago byo kwanduzanya virusi iva ku mubyeyi igera ku mwana bishobora kugabanuka bikagera munsi ya 1%.
Ese ART ishobora gukiza burundu virusi itera SIDA mu mubiri? ▼
Oya, nta muti wa virusi itera SIDA uhari ku isi. Ariko, imiti ya ART ishobora gutuma virusi idakora mu mubiri kandi igatuma abantu babaho ubuzima busanzwe kandi bufite ubuzima bwiza.
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