Ese urimo gutakaza ubwenge buhoro buhoro? Reka twige ku ndwara ya Alzheimer

Twese tuzi ko ari ibisanzwe ko nyoko, so cyangwa nyogokuru bibagirwa ibintu bimwe na bimwe uko bagenda bakura. Ariko se wigeze wumva ko rimwe na rimwe uku kwibagirwa birenga urugero rusanzwe? Ushobora kwibagirwa ibyo wavuze mu gitondo nimugoroba, ushobora kwibagirwa aho ushyira ibintu byawe ukunda gukoresha, ndetse rimwe na rimwe ushobora no kutamenya abantu bakukikije. Iyi ndwara ishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya Alzheimer. Reka tubiganireho uyu munsi.

Alzheimer's ni iki? Dementia ni iki?

Abantu benshi bavanga aya magambo yombi. Reka rero tubanze dusobanukirwe itandukaniro nyaryo riri hagati yayo.

Mu magambo make, indwara yo kwibagirwa si izina ry'indwara runaka. Ni ijambo rusange, nka "umuriro." Hari impamvu nyinshi zitandukanye zitera umuriro, nka dengue na grippe, sibyo? Mu buryo nk'ubwo, indwara yo kwibagirwa ni ijambo rusange risobanura ibimenyetso bigira ingaruka ku kwibuka, gutekereza, imyitwarire, no kugorwa no gukora imirimo ya buri munsi.

Indwara ya Alzheimer ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru kandi ikunze gutera indwara yo kwibagirwa. Ni ukuvuga ko atari abantu bose bafite indwara yo kwibagirwa bazarwara indwara ya Alzheimer, ariko si abantu bose bafite indwara ya Alzheimer bazarwara indwara yo kwibagirwa.

Indwara ya Alzheimer ni ukubura buhoro buhoro kw'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko (uturemangingo tw'imitsi) uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ibi bituma kwibuka, gutekereza, n'imyitwarire bihinduka buhoro buhoro. Akenshi yibasira abantu barengeje imyaka 65. Ariko, si ikintu gisanzwe mu gusaza.

Ibyiciro bitatu by'indwara ya Alzheimer

Iyi ndwara ntikura mu buryo butunguranye. Ikura buhoro buhoro, mu byiciro bitatu.

Ni iki gitera indwara ya Alzheimer?

Abahanga mu bya siyansi ntibarabona igisubizo gihamye 100% ku mpamvu bamwe barwara iyi ndwara, ariko basanze ahanini iterwa n’ubwoko bubiri bw’ibyangiritse ku turemangingo tw’imitsi mu bwonko.

1. Ikorwa ry'udutsi duto mu turemangingo tw'imitsi: Ubwoko bwa poroteyine mu turemangingo tw'imitsi two mu bwonko bwacu buragongana kandi bugacikamo ibice. Ibi tubyita 'udutsi duto twa neurofibrillar'.

2. Ibice biri hagati y’uturemangingo tw’imitsi: Ubwoko bwa poroteyine yitwa `beta-amyloid` ishyirwa hagati y’uturemangingo tw’imitsi, igakora ubwoko bw’ibice bisa n’imyanda. Ibyo byitwa `plaques`.

Tekereza ku tunyangingo tw’imitsi mu bwonko bwacu nk’uburyo bw’insinga z’amashanyarazi zitwara amakuru. Kubera imigozi n’ibice byavuzwe haruguru, izi nsinga z’amashanyarazi ntizishobora gukora neza. Kohereza ubutumwa birahagarara, amaherezo izo nsinga z’imitsi zirapfa. Iyi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru yo gutakaza kwibuka.

Ese ingirabuzimafatizo zigira ingaruka kuri ibi?

Yego, hari ingaruka zimwe na zimwe mu miterere y’umubiri. Niba ababyeyi bawe cyangwa abavandimwe bawe bararwaye indwara ya Alzheimer, ufite amahirwe make yo kuyirwara. Ariko ibyo ntibivuze ko uzayirwara. Byagaragaye ko hari imiterere y’umubiri, nka `ApoE (apolipoprotein E)` yongera ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara. Ariko iyi si indwara iterwa n’ibintu bigize imiterere y’umubiri gusa.

Ni gute wasuzuma indwara?

Niba ukeka ko wowe cyangwa umuntu wawe wa hafi ufite ibimenyetso bya Alzheimer, icyiza wakora ni ukujya kwa muganga ako kanya, byaba byiza ugiye kwa muganga w’indwara zo mu bwonko.

Muganga azabaza wowe n'umuryango wawe ibintu nk'ibi:

• Ni ibihe bibazo byo kwibuka no gutekereza? Ni ibihe bibazo bikomeye?
• Ese hari impinduka mu myitwarire cyangwa mu mico?
• Ese ibi bibazo byagize ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi?

Byongeye kandi, ibizamini byinshi bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo hemezwe indwara:

• Gupima ubushobozi bwo kwibuka no gutekereza: Kubaza ibibazo, kubaza imibare yoroshye, no gupima ubumenyi bw'indimi.
• Gupima amaraso n'inkari: Reba izindi ndwara (urugero: kubura vitamine) zishobora gutera ikibazo cyo kwibuka.
• Gupima ubwonko: Gupima CT, MRI, cyangwa PET bishobora kugaragaza impinduka mu bwonko.
• Umugongo: Hari ubwo hapimwa amazi yo mu bwonko (CSF) kugira ngo harebwe niba hari poroteyine zifitanye isano n'indwara ya Alzheimer.

Kuvura no gucunga

Ikibabaje ni uko nta muti uhari wa Alzheimer. Ariko hari imiti myinshi ishobora gufasha kugabanya ikwirakwira ry'iyi ndwara no kugabanya ibimenyetso byayo.

Imiti mishya nka `Lecanemab (Leqembi)` na `Donanemab (Kinsula)` irimo kugerageza kugenzura uko iyi ndwara ikomeza gukuraho poroteyine zangiza zirunda mu bwonko. Nanone, imiti nka `Cholinesterase inhibitors` na `Memantine` bifasha mu kubungabunga kwibuka no gukora neza mu mutwe ku rugero runaka.

Iyi miti yose igomba gufatwa gusa iyo muganga aguhaye inama.

Uretse imiti, guha umurwayi ahantu heza kandi hatekanye, gukurikiza gahunda ya buri munsi, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri yoroheje bigira uruhare runini mu kunoza ubuzima bwe.

Niba wita ku muntu urwaye indwara ya Alzheimer...

Niba uri umuntu uvura umuntu urwaye indwara ya Alzheimer, bishobora kuba akazi katoroshye kandi gasaba imbaraga nyinshi. Dore bimwe mu bintu bishobora kugufasha:

• Shyiraho gahunda: Kora ibintu nko kugaburira, koga no kuryama icyarimwe buri munsi. Ibi bizagabanya urujijo rw'umurwayi.
• Vuga neza kandi utuje: koresha amagambo yoroshye, interuro ngufi. Uzitege amatwi wihanganye.
• Witondere umutekano: Kuraho tapi zinyerera mu nzu. Shyiraho imigozi mu bwiherero. Witondere umurwayi asohotse ari wenyine.
• Emera kwigenga: Bareke bakore ibintu bashobora gukora bonyine. Ibi bizarinda kwihesha agaciro.
• Tekereza nawe kuri wowe ubwawe:Kwita ku murwayi birananiza mu mutwe no mu mubiri. Fata umwanya wo kuruhuka, ukore ikintu ukunda, kandi winjire mu matsinda y'abaterankunga niba ukeneye. Ushobora kwita ku murwayi neza gusa iyo umeze neza.