Ese wigeze ubona umuntu agwa igihumure agatangira kunyeganyega? Akenshi tubyita 'gutembera'. Umuntu wese ubibonye agira ubwoba bwinshi. Ntazi icyo gukora. Ni iki kirimo kuba koko? Kuki ibi bibaho? Ese ibi ni ibintu bikomeye? Uyu munsi turabiganiraho mu buryo bworoshye ushobora gusobanukirwa.
Mu by'ukuri iyo umuntu agiye gufatwa n'igicuri, bivuze iki?
Mu magambo make, ubwonko bwacu bumeze nk'uruziga rugoye cyane. Burimo za miriyari z'uturemangingo tw'imitsi (neurons) duhujwe binyuze mu tunyangingo duto tw'amashanyarazi. Ibi bimenyetso bikora mu buryo bugenzurwa, ari nayo mpamvu dushobora gutekereza, kuvuga, kugenda no gukora byose.
Ariko, mu gihe cy'igicuri, imikorere y'amashanyarazi mu bwonko ihita ihinduka. Kimwe n'umuyoboro mugufi mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi, uturemangingo tumwe na tumwe tw'ubwonko dutangira kurasa mu buryo butunguranye kandi ku muvuduko mwinshi. Uku 'gukwirakwira kw'amashanyarazi' niko gutera ingendo zitagenzurwa mu mibiri yacu no gutakaza ubwenge.
Igikuru ni uko abantu bose bahura n'ibibazo bitandukanye. Hari igihe abantu bagukikije bashobora kutamenya ko hari umuntu uhura n'ibibazo.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibiryo bikwiranye?
Indwara zo mu bwonko zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bitewe n'aho zitangiriye. Kubisobanukirwa bizagufasha gusobanukirwa neza iyi ndwara.
1. Gufatwa n'indwara rusange: Iki ni cyo gihe amashanyarazi atangira ku mpande zombi z'ubwonko icyarimwe. Bityo, impande zombi z'umubiri zishobora kugira ingaruka.
2. Gufatwa n'ibisebe: Muri ubu bwoko bw'ibisebe, ihungabana ry'amashanyarazi ritangirira mu gace kamwe k'ubwonko (focus). Bityo, ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri gusa. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe ibi bishobora gutangira hanyuma bigakwirakwira mu bwonko bwose, bikaba icyorezo rusange.
Hariho n'ibindi byiciro byinshi muri ubwo bwoko bw'ingenzi. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo.
| Ubwoko bw'uburyo bwo gukwirana | Mu magambo make, ni iki kibaho? |
|---|---|
| Indwara zo mu bwonko (zihera ku mpande zombi z'ubwonko) | |
| Gufatwa na Tonic-clonic (ubwoko bw'indwara tubona kenshi) | Mu buryo butunguranye, imitsi yo mu mubiri irakomera (tonic), ubwenge burabura, hanyuma umubiri utangira kunyeganyega (convulsions/clonic). |
| Gufatwa n'indwara yo kubura (cyane cyane ku bana bato) | Bahita bahagarika ibyo bakora maze bareba ubusa mu masegonda make, nk'aho babuze aho bahurira n'isi y'inzozi. Hanyuma bakomeza gukora nk'aho nta cyabaye. |
| Gufatwa n'indwara yo mu mutwe ( Atonic Seizure ) | Mu buryo butunguranye, imitsi yo mu mubiri wawe itakaza imbaraga zayo, kandi nuhagarara, uzakururwa hasi ugwe. |
| Indwara ya Myoclonic | Ukuboko, ukuguru, cyangwa igice cy'umubiri bihita bihinda umushyitsi, nk'aho bikubiswe n'amashanyarazi. |
| Indwara zo mu bwonko (zihera mu gice kimwe cy'ubwonko) | |
| Gufatwa n'indwara yo mu mutwe (Focal Onset Aware Gender) | Uba ufite ubwenge iyo urwaye indwara yo kubura ubwenge. Urabyumva, urabyibuka. Wenda urimo uzunguza ukuboko, ukumva impumuro idasanzwe, cyangwa ukumva ufite ubwoba butunguranye. |
| Gufatwa n'indwara yo kutagira ubushobozi bwo kumenya ibintu (Focal Onset Disaster) | Iyo uburwayi bugeze, ubwenge burahindagurika. Ntusobanukirwa ibiri kuba iruhande rwawe. Ushobora gukora ibintu bidasanzwe nko guhekenya umunwa cyangwa gukuramo imyenda. Iyo uburwayi burangiye, ntukibuka ibyabaye muri icyo gihe. |
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ingenzi?
Ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bw'umubiri, ariko hari ibimenyetso bike bikunze kugaragara.
- Gutakaza ubwenge: Hari igihe ushobora gutakaza ubwenge burundu, hari n'igihe ubwenge bwawe bushobora kwitiranywa gato.
- Ingendo zitagenzuwe (Kubabara mu mutwe):Ibintu nko kunyeganyega k'umubiri, gutitira kw'ingingo, imitsi kunyeganyega.
- Kureba ahantu hamwe mu buryo butari bwo: Kureba ahantu hamwe mu gihe cy'amasegonda make nta gisubizo.
- Impinduka zitunguranye mu byiyumvo: kumva ufite ubwoba butunguranye, wishimye, cyangwa ubabaye nta mpamvu.
- Guhekenya amenyo, ibisebe bisohoka mu kanwa.
- Gutembagaza amaso ku ruhande rumwe.
- Kunyara cyangwa kwitumamo inkari utabizi.
- Gukora urusaku rudasanzwe.
Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kumara amasegonda make kugeza ku minota mike.
Ni izihe mpamvu zo gukwirakwira?
Nta mpamvu n'imwe itera igicuri, ariko hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kugitera. Hari igihe nta mpamvu iboneka. Ibi tubyita "ibicurane by'ibyiyumviro". Muri rusange, impamvu zitera igicuri zishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri by'ingenzi.
1. Indwara zo mu mutwe ziterwa n'indwara: Ibi bibaho iyo indwara itewe n'ikibazo cy'agateganyo cyangwa ikintu runaka. Iyo ndwara ntigaruka iyo impamvu imaze gukurwaho.
- Umuriro mwinshi: Cyane cyane ku bana bato, umuriro mwinshi ushobora gutera indwara yo kurota. Ibi tubyita "ibicurane by'ubushyuhe".
- Igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso: kiri hasi cyane (hypoglycemia) cyangwa kiri hejuru cyane.
- Umutwe : Igikomere gikomeye cyane ku mutwe.
- Kubura ibitotsi: Kudasinzira neza iminsi myinshi.
- Kunywa inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge: Kureka inzoga iyo uhagaritse kunywa inzoga cyangwa gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bimwe na bimwe mu buryo butunguranye.
- Imiti imwe n'imwe.
- Itara ry'amashanyarazi: Itara ricana vuba.
2. Indwara zo mu mutwe zidateje akaga: Izi ndwara zibaho nta mpamvu igaragara ihari. Iyo zikunze kugaragara, tuzita indwara ya Epilepsy .
- Igicuri: Indwara irangwa no gukubita ibicurane kenshi.
- Ibibyimba byo mu bwonko.
- Indwara yo mu bwonko (stroke).
- Indwara zo mu bwonko: nka `(Meningite)` cyangwa `(Encephalite)`.
- Ibibazo by'ubwonko bw'imyororokere.
- Impamvu z'uturemangingo.
Twakora iki niba umuntu afite ikibazo cyo kurwara indwara yo mu mutwe? (Ubufasha bw'ibanze)
Iki ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cyane. Niba ubonye umuntu ufite igicuri, ntugatinye. Gutanga ubufasha bw'ibanze bukwiye bishobora gukumira ingaruka zishobora kugeraho ku muntu.
Wibuke ko tudashobora guhagarika ikibazo iyo kigiye kuvuka. Icyo twakora gusa ni ugutegura ibidukikije kugira ngo umuntu atagwa mu kaga.
| Ibintu byo gukora (Ibyo gukora) | Ntugakore ibyo udakwiye gukora |
|---|---|
| ✅ Komeza gutuza. Komeza n'abandi gutuza. | ❌ Ntugafate cyangwa ngo ukandagire. Ntugerageze guhagarika kubyimba cyane. Ibi bishobora gutuma amagufwa avunika. |
| ✅ Kura ibintu bikarishye kandi bikomeye (ameza, intebe) mu gace kabigenewe. | ❌ Ntugashyire ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose mu kanwa kawe. Ntugashyire ibintu nk'ibiyiko, icyuma, cyangwa uduce tw'imyenda mu kanwa kawe. Kubikora bishobora gutuma amenyo acika kandi akanigwa, nubwo waba wabwiwe guhagarika kurya ururimi rwawe. |
| ✅ Niba bishoboka, shyira ikintu cyoroshye (umusego, imyenda izinzwe) munsi y'umutwe wawe kugira ngo wirinde gukomereka. | ❌ Ntugerageze kumuha amazi cyangwa ibiryo. Ntugashyire ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose mu kanwa kugeza igihe umuntu agaruriye ubwenge. |
| ✅ Niba wambaye indorerwamo , zikuremo witonze. | ❌ Ntugatange CPR niba umuntu arimo guhumeka. |
| ✅ Nyuma yo kubabara , hindukira witonze urebe ku ruhande (aho asubira). Ibi bifasha gukuraho ibibyimba mu kanwa no koroshya guhumeka. | ❌ Ntimubareke bonyine kugeza igihe bongeye kugarura ubwenge. Bagumane igihe gito nyuma yo kugarura ubwenge. Bashobora kumva bataye umutwe kandi bananiwe. |
| ✅ Reba igihe urebe igihe uruhu rwangiritse. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kuri muganga. |
Ni ryari ugomba kujyanwa mu bitaro (ETU) byihutirwa?
Ubusanzwe gusinzira birangira mu minota 1-2. Ariko, muri ibi bihe, imbangukiragutabara igomba guhita ihamagara umurwayi maze akajyanwa mu Kigo cyita ku Buvuzi bwihutirwa (ETU) .
- Iyo icyuma gifata umwanya munini kirenze iminota 5 .
- Iyo kimwe kirangiye hanyuma ikindi kikaza mbere yuko wongera kugarura ubwenge.
- Niba umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka bigoye .
- Niba icyuma cyateye imvune ikomeye .
- Uyu ni wo muco wa mbere umuntu yigeze kugira mu buzima bwe .
- Niba igipimo cyarageze mu mazi .
- Niba umuntu wari ufite ikibazo cyo kurwara ari umubyeyi utwite cyangwa urwaye diyabete .
Ubibona ute, Muganga?
Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, abanza kukubaza wowe n'umuntu wabonye ko ari umukinnyi ukwiye ku bijyanye n'ibisobanuro birambuye. Ibintu nk'ibyabaye mbere yo kumererwa neza, ibyabaye mu gihe cyo kumererwa neza, n'uko wiyumvise nyuma yuko birangiye.
Byongeye kandi, ibizamini nk'ibi bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu:
- Gupima amaraso: Kureba isukari mu maraso, umunyu, n'uko ubwandu buhagaze.
- EEG (Electroencephalogram): Iyi isuzuma imiterere y'amashanyarazi mu bwonko bwawe. Ishobora kumenya imikorere idasanzwe y'amashanyarazi mu bwonko.
- CT Scan cyangwa MRI Scan: Ubwo bwoko bwa scan busuzuma niba hari ibibyimba, amaraso yacitse, cyangwa ibindi bibazo biri mu bwonko.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura?
Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'impamvu y'uburwayi, ubwoko bwabwo, n'inshuro bukunze kubaho.
- Kuvura icyateye: Niba icyateye ikibazo ari ikintu cy'igihe gito, nk'umuriro cyangwa isukari nke mu maraso, kuvura bizahagarika ikibazo cyo kugaruka.
- Imiti Igabanya Ihungabana: Niba ukunze kugira igicuri (nk'igicuri), muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti yo gufata buri munsi. Iyi miti ikora mu kugenzura imikorere idasanzwe y'amashanyarazi mu bwonko. Ni ngombwa gufata iyi miti neza nk'uko muganga wawe akubwira, mu gihe gikwiye, mu gihe gikwiye. Ntugomba guhagarika kuyifata uko ubyishakiye.
- Kubagwa: Hari ubwo, ku ndwara zidashobora kugenzurwa n'imiti, niba hari agace runaka mu bwonko aho indwara itangirira, ako gace gashobora kubagwa.
- Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura: Uburyo bugezweho bwo kuvura nka ""Brain stimulation"" hamwe n'uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kuvura nka ""ketogenic diet"" nabyo bifasha bamwe mu bantu.
Kugira igicuri gishobora gutera ubwoba. N'ababibona ni ko bimeze. Ariko ni ngombwa kubimenya .Iyo ubizi neza, ushobora gutsinda ubwo bwoba ugafasha umuntu ubikeneye. Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi afite iyi ndwara, ntugatinye kujya kwa muganga. Uramutse uhawe ubuvuzi bukwiye, ushobora kugenzura iyi ndwara no kubaho ubuzima busanzwe.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Indwara yo mu mutwe ni uguhagarika by'agateganyo ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi mu bwonko. Si indwara yo mu mutwe.
- Si buri kimwe gitera kwishimagura. Hari aho gukubitagura bishobora kuba bitagaragara neza, nko kureba umuntu nta cyo atwaye.
- Niba hari umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo kurwara umutwe, shyira imiterere y’aho atuye kugira ngo adahura n’akaga. Ariko ntukagerageze kumubuza cyangwa ngo umushyire ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose mu kanwa.
- Niba indwara yo kurwara ifata iminota irenga 5 cyangwa ikaba ari ubwa mbere ibaye mu buzima bwawe, ni ikibazo cyihutirwa. Jya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze cy’ibitaro (ETU) ako kanya.
- Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu wawe wa hafi ufite ikibazo cyo kurwara indwara yo kubyimba, menya neza ko wasabye inama kwa muganga kugira ngo bagusuzume neza kandi baguhe umuti.
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