Ese tiroyide igira ingaruka ku maso yawe? Reka twige byose ku ndwara y'amaso ya tiroyide!

Ese wigeze wumva ko ibibazo bya tiroyide bishobora kugira ingaruka ku maso yawe? Hari igihe indwara imwe ishobora kwivanga n'indi mu buryo tutazi. Ni cyo indwara ya tiroyide, cyangwa nk'uko abaganga bayita, yitwa (Indwara y'amaso ya tiroyide - TED). Iki ni cyo gihe ingingo zoroshye zikikije amaso yawe zibyimba. Ibi bishobora gutera ububabare no kubabara mu maso yawe. Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara ku bantu bafite indwara ziterwa n'umubiri zifata thyroid. Ibi bikunze kugaragara cyane ku bantu bafite indwara yitwa (Indwara ya Graves). Niyo mpamvu abaganga rimwe na rimwe bayita Indwara y'amaso ya Graves.

Indwara y'amaso ya tiroyide (TED) ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Muri make, indwara ya Tiroyide (TED) ni indwara igira ingaruka ku ngingo zikikije amaso yawe, bigatuma abyimba. Ni indwara iterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri, bivuze ko ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe bwibasira ingirabuzimafatizo za tiroyide ndetse n’ingingo zikikije amaso yawe.

Tekereza nk'aho ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri bumeze nk'ingabo zirinda igihugu cyacu. Ariko rimwe na rimwe izi ngabo zikora ikosa zigatera abaturage bazo. Ibyo ni ko biba mu ndwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

TED si indwara iza ikanashira. Ifite ibyiciro bitandukanye. Kubyimba no kumererwa nabi bishobora kuza bikanashira mu gihe cy'imyaka ibiri cyangwa irenga. Ibimenyetso biratandukanye bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye; bamwe bashobora kubibona bike cyane, abandi bashobora kubibona bikomeye. Ku bantu benshi, ntabwo ari ikibazo gikomeye. Ariko, iyo kibaye gikomeye, gishobora kwangiza amaso burundu, guhindura isura no kutabona neza.

Ushobora kuba warumvise abaganga bakoresha andi mazina kuri iyi ndwara. Aya mazina arimo:

• Indwara y'amaso ya tiroyide
• Ubwiyongere bw'imigendere ya tiroyide
• Indwara y'amaso yo mu bwoko bwa Graves
• Indwara yo mu bwonko bw'imvange (Graves' orbitopathy)

Aya yose ni amazina atandukanye gusa ku ndwara imwe, bityo ntugire ikibazo.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara y'amaso ya tiroyide (TED)?

Noneho reka turebe uko wamenya iyi ndwara. Reba niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso:

• Proptosis: Amaso asa n'aho yagutse kandi agaragara.
• Amaso asharira kandi ashyushye: Ukumva utameze neza, nk'aho hari ikibazo kiri mu maso yawe.
• Kubyimba no gutukura kw'amaso (Blepharitis): Impande z'amaso zishobora kubyimba no gutukura.
• Amaso yumye cyangwa acikagurika kenshi: Hari abantu bumva amaso yumye, abandi bumva amarira gusa.
• Guhumbya kenshi: Guhumbya kenshi kandi mu buryo butunguranye amaso.
• Kumva urumuri (Photophobia): Amaso ahinduka ubururu, nubwo izuba ryaba ribuze cyangwa amatara yaka, bigatuma bigoye kubona.
• Kubabara amaso n'umutwe:Bishobora kujyana n'ububabare hafi y'amaso, wenda hamwe n'umutwe.
• Kugorana kwimura amaso: Bisa nkaho bigoye kwimura amaso iyo ureba hejuru, hasi, cyangwa ku mpande.
• Diplopia: Kubona ikintu kimwe nk'ibiri.

Ibi bimenyetso akenshi bigira ingaruka ku maso yombi, ariko rimwe na rimwe ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara mu jisho rimwe gusa.

Ni izihe ngorane ziterwa n'indwara y'amaso ya Graves?

Iyo indwara ya tiroyide itangiye, impinduka mu miterere n'uburyo amaso abona zishobora kumera neza. Ariko ibi ntibibaho buri gihe. Hari igihe ingingo zikikije amaso zishobora kugira inkovu kandi ntizongere kumera neza. Nanone, bimwe mu bice by'ijisho bigira ingaruka ku kureba bishobora kwangirika burundu. Ariko ntugahangayike, ibi bintu bishobora kuvurwa no kubagwa.

Impinduka zishoboka mu miterere y'umubiri:

• Gusubiza inyuma imboni y'amaso
• Amaso agaragara
• Amaso aremereye
• Amaso atukura

Impinduka zihoraho mu kureba zishobora kubaho:

• Kureba nabi
• Kureba kabiri
• Gutakaza amaso cyane - Ibi ni gake cyane, ariko ni byiza kubimenya.

Kuki turwara indwara y'amaso ya tiroyide (TED)?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, ni indwara iterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri. Ibi bivuze ko ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe bwibasira ingirangingo za tiroyide n’ingingo zikikije amaso yawe. Indwara ya Graves niyo ikunze kugaragara cyane. Ariko ishobora no kugaragara ku bantu bafite izindi ndwara za tiroyide ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri, nka Hashimoto. Igitangaje ni uko rimwe na rimwe abantu badafite ibibazo bya tiroyide kandi badafite urugero rusanzwe rw’imisemburo ya tiroyide bashobora kurwara TED.

Muri izi ndwara, uturemangingo tumwe na tumwe twakozwe n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe dukora nk’imisemburo ya tiroyide kandi tugafatana n’uturemangingo twa tiroyide. Utu turemangingo dukunze kuboneka mu ngirabuzimafatizo ya tiroyide, ariko hari n’utundi turemangingo tuboneka mu ngingo ziri inyuma y’amaso. Bityo, uturemangingo tumwe dutera ingaruka kuri tiroyide natwo bigira ingaruka ku maso.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara indwara ya ted (TED)?

Hari abantu bashobora kurwara iyi ndwara. Reba niba urimo kimwe muri ibi byiciro:

• Niba uri umugore: Abagore bafite amahirwe angana n'inshuro eshanu yo kurwara indwara ya Graves n'indwara y'amaso ya Graves kurusha abagabo. (Ariko, iyo umugabo ayirwaye, birashoboka cyane ko iba ikomeye.)
• Niba urugero rw'imisemburo ya tiroyide yawe rudasanzwe:Ubwiyongere bw'imisemburo ya tiroyide (hyperthyroidism) n'igabanuka (hypothyroidism) byombi bishobora kugira uruhare muri TED. Iyi misemburo, kimwe n'uturemangingo twavuze mbere, ikangura ibyuma bifasha mu gukora imisemburo mu maso.
• Niba warigeze kuvura indwara ya radioiyode (RAI therapy): RAI therapy ni uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura hyperthyroidism. Ariko, ishobora kugira uruhare mu gutuma TED irushaho kuba mbi cyangwa ikarushaho kuba mbi.
• Niba unywa itabi: Ibi ni ingenzi cyane. Abantu banywa itabi kandi bakabona umwotsi w'itabi bari mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara indwara y'amaso ya tiroyide. Nanone, ibimenyetso bikunze kuba bikomeye kandi bikamara igihe kirekire ku banywa itabi. Niba ufite TED, ikintu cyiza ushobora gukora ni ukureka kunywa itabi.

Namenya nte niba hari abaganga (TED)?

Muganga wawe ashobora gusuzuma iyi ndwara akoresheje isuzuma ry’amaso yawe no kwitegereza neza amaso yawe n’amaso yawe.

Niba habayeho gukeka gutyo, bazagutegeka ko bapima amaraso menshi kugira ngo barebe urugero rw'imisemburo ya tiroyide yawe kandi niba hari ubudahangarwa bwinshi cyangwa buke mu maraso yawe.

Byongeye kandi, muganga ashobora gusaba ibindi bipimo byinshi:

• Gusuzuma amaso hakoreshejwe ultrasound
• Ikizamini cya CT Scan (Computed Tomography - CT)
• Ikizamini cya MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI)

Ibi bizamini bishobora kugaragaza neza uburyo ingirangingo zikikije amaso zibyimbye ndetse niba hari igitutu ku mitsi.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura (TED)?

Ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi ukeneye buzaterwa n'urwego rw'indwara n'uburemere bwayo. (TED) Mu gihe cy'icyorezo, hari uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha kugabanya ibimenyetso. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo imiti yo mu rugo, imiti itangwa ku giciro cya muganga, cyangwa imiti yanditswe na muganga. Nyuma y'uko icyorezo kirangiye, ushobora gukenera kubagwa kugira ngo wongere isura yawe cyangwa ukosore icyerekezo cyawe.

Uburyo bwo kuvura ibimenyetso

Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha iyo TED ikora:

• Ibitonyanga by'amaso: Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibitonyanga by'amaso bigabanya amaso yumye, atukura, cyangwa ababara.
• Inyongeramusaruro za Selenium: Byagaragaye ko kubura Selenium byongera ibimenyetso bya TED, bityo muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kubikoresha.
• Indorerwamo za scleral: Izi zisa n'indorerwamo za contact lenses, ariko zitwikira agace kanini k'ijisho, zigatanga uburinzi bw'inyongera. Zishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gutanga imiti.
• Ibifasha mu kureba:Niba ufite amaso abiri, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukoresha agapira ko mu maso cyangwa kwambara indorerwamo zifite prism zidasanzwe.
• Imiti ya (Thionamides): Niba ufite (hyperthyroidism) (biterwa n'indwara ya Graves), imiti nka (methimazole) na (propylthiouracil) ishobora gutangwa kugira ngo igabanye urugero rw'imisemburo ya tiroyide.
• Corticosteroids: Niba ibimenyetso byawe bikomeye, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti ya corticosteroids mu gihe gito kugira ngo ugabanye kubyimba. Iyi miti ishobora gutangwa nk'ibinini bifatwa mu kanwa cyangwa nk'urushinge mu mitsi (IV).
• (Teprotumumab - Tepezza®): Uyu ni wo muti wa mbere wihariye wemejwe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 2020 kugira ngo uvurwe (TED). Uyu ni umuti mushya mu cyiciro cyitwa (biologics) ugabanya ububyimbirwe. Indi miti nk'iyi irimo gukorwa ubu.
• Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire: Tekereza ku buvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire kugira ngo usenye uturemangingo tw’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri inyuma y’amaso kandi ugabanye kubyimba. Muganga w’amaso yawe ashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w’indwara ziterwa n’imirasire.

Wibuke ko niba ubu buryo bwo kuvura butagufitiye akamaro, itsinda ry’abaganga rizaguha ubundi buryo bwo kuvura. Kubagwa ntibikunze kuba ngombwa mu gihe cy’indwara y’amaso ya Graves. Akenshi, kubagwa bitekerezwaho nyuma yuko indwara yawe ihagaze neza. Icyo gihe ni bwo dushobora kumenya neza impinduka mu isura no mu maso zizahoraho.

Kubaga (TED)

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, kubagwa bishobora kuba ngombwa:

• Kubaga mu gice cy'ijisho: Ni gake cyane, ubu buryo bwo kubaga buba bukenewe iyo kubyimba bitera umuvuduko ku mitsi y'amaso. Umuganga ubaga akuraho igice cy'igufwa kugira ngo agabanye umuvuduko. Ibi kandi bikorwa kugira ngo bigabanye umuvuduko w'ijisho nyuma y'uko indwara igabanutse.
• Kubaga tiroyide: Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ikomeye ya hyperthyroidism. Iyo imiti inaniwe kugenzura urugero rw'imisemburo ya tiroyide, tiroyide ishobora gukenera gukurwaho.
• Kubaga amaso: Niba amaso yawe yaguye, ubu buryo bwo kuyasubiza ku ishusho yayo ya mbere. Ibi ntibigabanya gusa ububabare bw'amaso, ahubwo binatuma agaragara neza kandi bikarinda ijisho kugaragara nabi.
• Kubaga imitsi y'amaso: Ubu buryo bwo kubaga bushobora kuba ngombwa niba imitsi ijyana amaso ifite inkovu kandi ikagira ikibazo cyo kuyijyana, cyangwa niba amaso yahindutse nabi kandi ukabona mu byerekezo bibiri bitandukanye.
• Kubaga amaso: Ibi bikubiyemo kongera kubaka ingingo zoroshye cyangwa amagufwa akikije amaso. Bishobora gukemura ibibazo byo kwisiga nko kugaragara kw'amaso n'udufuka turi munsi y'amaso.
• Gutera cornea:Iyo cornea yangiritse cyane bitewe no kwibasirwa n'ijisho mu gihe cy'uburwayi, gusimbuza cornea bishobora gufatwa nk'aho bifasha mu kunoza kureba.

(TED) Ni iki giteganijwe kuri iki kibazo?

Ku bantu benshi, TED ntabwo ikabije cyane, bityo rero uko bigaragara akenshi ni ko ihinduka. Abantu benshi bagira ibimenyetso byoroheje, akenshi bishira ubwabyo. Ariko, ibimenyetso bishobora gukomera cyane ku bantu barengeje imyaka 50. Niba ufite TED ikomeye, ushobora gukenera uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyivura. Hari abantu bashobora kugira impinduka zidashira mu maso, zishobora gusaba kubagwa.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite indwara y'amaso ya tiroyide, ni ngombwa kumenyesha itsinda ry'abaganga niba ibimenyetso byawe birushaho kwiyongera. Ugomba kandi kubabwira niba ubonye impinduka mu maso yawe. Hari impinduka zimwe na zimwe zishobora gusaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa. Hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Niba urwego rwawe rw'iyerekwa rusa n'aho ruri kugabanuka, cyangwa niba urimo guta icyerekezo kimwe.
• Niba amabara asa n'atandukanye n'uko bikwiye.
• Niba ugize ububabare bukomeye mu maso butunguranye.

Indwara y'amaso ya Graves ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe. Abantu benshi ntibagira ibimenyetso bikomeye, ariko bishobora kubabaza cyane iyo bibayeho. Kubyimba hafi y'amaso yawe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ituze ryawe, kureba neza no ku kugaragara neza. Bisaba itsinda ry'abaganga kugira ngo bagufashe guhangana n'ibi byose. Ni ngombwa kandi kugira ubufasha mu buzima bwawe bwite. Niba udahabwa ubufasha ukeneye, baza itsinda ry'abaganga. Bashobora kukubwira ibyerekeye ibikoresho bishobora kugufasha mu buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe.

Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Noneho reka tuvuge muri make bimwe mu bintu ugomba kwibuka mu byo twavuze:

• Indwara y'amaso ya tiroyide (TED) ni indwara igira ingaruka ku maso ifitanye isano n'ibibazo bya tiroyide.
• Menya ibimenyetso nko kubyimba amaso, gutukura, kubyimba no kubona kabiri.
• Niba unywa itabi, rekera aho rwose. Ubu ni bwo bufasha bukomeye ushobora gukora.
• Niba ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa ubonye impinduka mu kureba , shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya.
• Ku bantu benshi, iyi ndwara ntabwo ari mbi cyane, kandi hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura. Rero ntugatinye, ariko ni ngombwa gushaka ubuvuzi bukwiye.
• Ubuzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe nabwo ni ingenzi cyane muri iki gihe. Ntugatinye gushaka ubufasha kuri ibyo kandi niba ubikeneye.

Ndizera ko aya makuru azaba ingirakamaro kuri wewe. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Indwara y'amaso ya tiroyide , Indwara ya Graves, kubyimba amaso, gutukura amaso, ibibazo byo kureba, tiroyide, imisemburo