Ese hari isano iri hagati y'ubumuga bwo kutabona no kwiheba?

Ese mama wawe cyangwa so wawe ugeze mu za bukuru bagorwa no gusoma ikinyamakuru, kunywa ibinini, cyangwa kureba televiziyo? Ese bakunze kuvuga bati "Oh, ndi umunebwe cyane ku buryo ntashobora kwambara izi ndorerwamo"? Ushobora kuba warababonye bagorwa no kumenya abantu bari kure. Dukunze gutekereza ko ibi ari ibintu bisanzwe bibaho uko tugenda dusaza. Ariko mu by'ukuri, ubushakashatsi buheruka bwagaragaje ko hashobora kuba hari isano ikomeye hagati y'ubumuga bwo kutabona butitabwaho n'indwara ikomeye yitwa dementia. Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye uyu munsi.

Iki kintu gishya cyavumbuwe ni iki?

Vuba aha, ubushakashatsi bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru cy’ubuvuzi kizwi cyane ku isi cyitwa `JAMA Ophthalmology` bwagaragaje ibintu byinshi by’ingenzi kuri ibi. Mu by’ukuri, ubu ni bwo bushakashatsi burambuye kurusha ubundi bwose bwakozwe kuri iyi ngingo mu myaka 15 ishize.

Kuri ibi, abantu bagera ku 3.000 bafite imyaka 71 kuzamura bitabiriye. Hakozwe ibizamini byinshi byihariye kugira ngo barebe niba amaso yabo afite ubushobozi bwo kureba. Byongeye kandi, hakusanyijwe amakuru ajyanye n'uko babayeho mu kwibuka no mu gihe barwaye indwara yo kwibagirwa.

Ibi bizamini byibanze ahanini kuri ibi bikurikira:

• Kureba kure: Uburyo ubona neza ibintu biri kure.
• Kureba hafi: Uburyo ubona neza ibintu biri hafi, nko gusoma ikinyamakuru cyangwa gushyira urushinge mu ruziga.
• Uburyo bwo gutandukanya ibintu: Iki ni ikintu cyihariye. Mu magambo make, ni ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya no kumenya ikintu mu buryo busa. Urugero, gusimbuza ibara ry'umukara ku rukuta rw'umukara, cyangwa imodoka ku munsi w'igihu.

Mu bihe byashize, ubu bushakashatsi bwakorwaga babaza abantu bati “Ese mufite ubumuga bwo kutabona neza?” Ariko ibyo si ko buri gihe biba ari ukuri. Umwihariko w’ubu bushakashatsi ni uko bupima neza amaso kandi bukabona amakuru.

Ese koko ibisubizo bifite akamaro?

Yego. Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi birashishikaje cyane. Muri rusange, 12% by'abitabiriye ubushakashatsi bari bafite ikibazo cyo kwiheba. Ariko, ubwo twarebaga abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona batavuwe ukwabo, ishusho yari itandukanye cyane.

Ibi bishobora kumvikana neza uhereye ku mbonerahamwe iri hepfo.

Ibi bigaragaza neza ko iyo hari ubumuga bwo kutabona, kutambara indorerwamo cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kubivura byongera cyane ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo kwiheba. Kandi iyo umuntu afite ibibazo byinshi byo kutabona icyarimwe, ibyago biba byinshi kurushaho.

Kuki kureba bigira ingaruka ku bwonko cyane?

Noneho ushobora kwibaza uti "Ni gute ikibazo cy'amaso gishobora kuba gifitanye isano n'indwara y'ubwonko?" Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora kubitera.

1. Kwishyira mu kato mu mibereho

Tekereza ko mama wawe cyangwa so batabona neza. Iyo abagize umuryango bari kumwe kandi bakaganira, birabagora guhuza ikiganiro kuko batabona neza amasura. Nubwo bajya guhura n'inshuti, ntibashobora kumenya abantu bari mu muhanda, bityo bagabanya igihe cyabo cyo gusohoka buhoro buhoro. Muri ubwo buryo, bitewe no kutabona neza, bagenda bitandukanya na sosiyete maze bakagira irungu. Uku kwitandukanya na sosiyete ni ikintu gikomeye gishobora gutera indwara nka dementia.

2. Kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe mu bwonko

Amaso yacu ameze nk'irembo rikuru rigana mu bwonko rizana amakuru. Ibintu tubona, ibyo dusoma, amasura tuzi, byose ni nk'imyitozo ngororamubiri ku bwonko. Iyo tutabona neza, amakuru ubwonko bubona aragabanuka. Ibyo bivuze ko ubwonko bubona imbaraga nke. Nk'uko umubiri ucika intege iyo udakora imyitozo ngororamubiri, iyo imbaraga zigabanuka, imikorere y'ubwonko nayo ishobora kugabanuka buhoro buhoro.

3. Impinduka zisanzwe ziba mu bwonko

Bamwe mu bahanga mu bya siyansi bizera ko impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu bwonko (nk'impinduka mu mitsi y'amaraso) zishobora kugira ingaruka ku kureba no kwibuka. Ariko, ibintu bibiri byavuzwe haruguru, kwigunga no kutagira icyo umuntu ashishikazwa na byo, ni ingenzi cyane kuko ari ibintu dushobora kugenzura.

None se twakora iki? Ese hari ibisubizo byoroshye?

Ubutumwa bwiza dukesha ubu bushakashatsi ni uko hari ibintu byoroshye dushobora gukora kugira ngo tugabanye ibi byago.

• Gukoresha indorerwamo zikwiye: Iki ni cyo kintu cyoroshye kandi cy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi. Gukoresha indorerwamo ebyiri muganga yagusabye neza ntabwo bizakoroshya ubuzima bwawe gusa, ahubwo bizanafasha cyane mu buzima bw'ubwonko bwawe. Ntukifate nk' "ikirambiranye", gikoreshe.
• Kubaga Cataract: Uko abantu bakura, cataract iba indwara isanzwe itera kutabona neza. Uku kubaga kuragenze neza cyane. Nyuma y'uku kubaga, isi yongera kuba nziza. Byongera imbaraga ubwonko bwakira kandi bishobora no gufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo kwibagirwa.
• Gusuzuma amaso buri gihe: Ni ngombwa cyane ko buri wese, cyane cyane abafite imyaka iri hagati ya 40 na 50, asuzumwa amaso nibura rimwe mu mwaka . Hanyuma, niba hari ikibazo, gishobora kumenyekana no kuvurwa vuba.
• Kwita ku bageze mu za bukuru: Niba hari umuntu ugeze mu za bukuru mu rugo rwawe ufite ibibazo byo kutabona neza, ntukamurengagize. Mujyane kwa muganga kandi umufashe kubona ubuvuzi bukenewe. Bishobora kugora umuntu ufite ibimenyetso bya dementia gufata indorerwamo ze neza cyangwa ngo yemere kubagwa. Ariko birakwiye kwihangana, ukavugana na muganga w'umuryango wawe , kandi ugakora ibikenewe.

Ubu bushakashatsi ntibuvuga ko kwambara indorerwamo birinda indwara yo kwibagirwa. Ariko buvuga ko kugira amaso meza ari intambwe y'ingenzi mu kugabanya ibyago byo kwibagirwa. Ni nko kurya neza no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.