Reka tumenye byinshi kuri Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) ako kanya.

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo amaraso atemba mu mitsi yacu rimwe na rimwe ashobora gufatirwa ahantu hamwe agatera udukoko? Ibi bishobora kumvikana nk'ibiteye ubwoba, ariko mu by'ukuri ni ngombwa cyane kubimenya. Kuko ari bwo buryo bwonyine dushobora gufata ingamba vuba bibaye ngombwa. Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga ku gushonga kw'amaraso mu mitsi, indwara abaganga bita `(Venous Thromboembolism - VTE)`.

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, `(Thromboembolism y'imitsi)` ni igihe amaraso apfundikiye mu mitsi mu mubiri wacu, ubwoko bw'imitsi ijyana amaraso yanduye mu mutima, ikabuza amaraso gutembera. Aha, "Thrombo" bivuze amaraso apfundikiye. "Embolisme" bivuze igihe amaraso nk'ayo apfundikiye mu mitsi ikagira aho ifatirwa. "Vénous" bivuze mu mitsi.

Iyo abaganga bavuga kuri VTE, baba bavuga ahanini ubwoko bubiri bw'amaraso apfutse:

1. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Ibi bibaho igihe amaraso afunganye mu mitsi miremire inyura mu mitsi, imbere mu mubiri.

2. Kuziba kw'amaraso mu bihaha (PE): Ibi bibaho iyo amaraso yavuye kuri DVT cyangwa amaraso yavuye ahandi hantu acitse maze agashyirwa mu mitsi mu bihaha.

Tekereza nawe, iyi mitsi igarura amaraso mu mutima iturutse mu bice bya kure by'umubiri wacu, nk'ingingo zacu. Rero, iyo umutsi ufunzwe n'amaraso apfutse, amaraso atangira kwirunda inyuma y'agace kafunzwe. Hanyuma ako gace gashobora kubyimba no kubyimba. Nanone, uturemangingo turi imbere y'agace kafunzwe ntitwongera kubona ogisijeni n'intungamubiri dukeneye. Ibi bishobora kwangiza cyane imitsi, ingingo, ndetse n'ingingo. Urugero, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, iyo umutsi ujyana amaraso mu bihaha ufunzwe na "VTE", bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga .

Ni gute amaraso acika mu mitsi nk'iyi?

Mu by’ukuri, kuvura amaraso ni uburyo busanzwe kandi bwiza bw’umubiri wacu. Ushobora gutekereza ko ari igisebe kibaho iyo igisebe gito ku ruhu rwacu cyumye maze amaraso make agasohoka. Uko ni ko biba. Iyo hari igikomere mu mubiri, cyaba ari ubwandu, amaraso arabyimba gato kugira ngo ahagarike amaraso gusohoka. Nubwo ari ubwandu, igice cy’amaraso gifatwa nk’aho ari igikomere.

Ubusanzwe, iyo igikomere cyangwa ubwandu bitangiye gukira, amaraso ashonga. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, ibyo ntibibaho . Cyangwa, amaraso ashonga nta gikomere. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'ibintu byinshi. Muri ibyo bihe, iyo amaraso ashonga ari menshi bihagije, ashobora kuziba imitsi burundu.

Ni gute ibi bibyimba by'amaraso bigira ingaruka ku mubiri wawe?

Abantu benshi batekereza ko iyo batekereje ku gupfundika kw'amaraso, bivuze gupfundika kw'amaraso bitera "Indwara y'Umutima" cyangwa "Stroke." Ariko, "VTE" si ubwoko bw'ugupfundika kw'amaraso bukunze kuba mu mitsi (imitsi itwara amaraso ava mu mutima ikayajyana mu bindi bice by'umubiri). Ariko, bishobora no kuba akaga .

Ingorane ikomeye cyane ni iyo VTE, cyangwa amaraso apfunditse, asohoka aho yaturutse, akanyura mu maraso, maze akagwa mu mitsi y'ibihaha . Ibi byitwa Pulmonary Embolism (PE). Pulmonary Embolism ibuza ogisijeni n'amaraso gutembera mu bihaha. Muri icyo gihe, umuvuduko w'amaraso mu mitsi urazamuka. Iyi ndwara yitwa Pulmonary Hypertension. Ibi nibikomeza, umutima unanirwa ndetse n'urupfu bishobora kubaho.

VTE ikunze kugaragara mu mitsi yo mu nda y'umubiri wacu, cyane cyane mu maguru cyangwa mu maboko cyangwa mu mitsi iri mu mitsi. Iyo amaraso apfunditse mu mitsi yo mu nda, byitwa Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). Iyo DVT ifunze imitsi, ishobora gutera ububyimbirwe, kubyimba no gutukura, bishobora kwangiza imitsi mu gihe kirekire. Ibi bishobora gutera indwara yitwa Chronic Venous Insufficiency cyangwa Post-thrombotic Syndrome. Si DVT zose zifunze imitsi, ariko zirashobora, bityo zishyirwa mu cyiciro cya Venous Thromboembolic Disease. Ni ngombwa kandi kwibuka ko iyo amaraso apfunditse akagera mu bihaha, bishobora gutera PE.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya `Thrombosis` (amaraso apfunditse) na `Thromboembolism` (kuziba kw'amaraso apfunditse mu miyoboro y'amaraso)?

Mu magambo make, `(Thrombosis)` bisobanura amaraso apfunditse. `(Thromboembolism)` bivuga amaraso apfunditse anyura mu maraso agafata ahantu runaka, akabuza amaraso gutembera. `(Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT)` na `(Pulmonary Embolism - PE)` byombi biri munsi y'umuyoboro wa `(Venous Thromboembolic Disease)`. Kubera ko ibi byombi bishobora kubuza amaraso gutembera mu mitsi.

Gutera imitsi yo mu mitsi yo hejuru (SVT) ni amaraso apfundika mu mitsi mito yo hejuru yegereye uruhu, kandi nta kibazo kinini atera. Nubwo hafi kimwe cya kabiri cya DVTs zidatera ibibazo, zigomba kwitabwaho kuko zishobora gutera ibibazo kandi zikaba ari ikintu gishobora gutera PE.

Iyi ndwara yitwa `VTE` ikunze kugaragara gute?

Ndetse no mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe byateye imbere ku isi, `(VTE)` ni indwara ya gatatu ikunze kugaragara cyane mu mitsi nyuma ya `(Attack of Heart)` na `(Stroke)`. Ibi bivuze ko iyi ndwara yibasira umuntu umwe mu bantu 1000 buri mwaka. Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abarwara `(VTE)` nabo barwara `(Pulmonary Embolism - PE)`. Nanone, hafi 25% by'abarwara `(PE)` barapfa. Bivugwa kandi ko ibyago byo kurwara `(VTE)` byikuba kabiri buri myaka icumi nyuma y'imyaka 40 .

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara VTE?

Mu by’ukuri, umuntu wese ashobora kwandura VTE. Ariko, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe byongera ibyago. Tekereza ko hafi 25% kugeza 50% by’abarwayi ba VTE bibaho nta mpamvu igaragara. Abandi 20% bafitanye isano na kanseri. Abandi 20% bafitanye isano no kubagwa. Nanone, hari abantu bafite ibibazo byo kuvura amaraso, bigatuma bashobora kurwara amaraso.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera VTE?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma amaraso afungana. Ariko, biragoye kumenya neza niba amaraso afungana azakura bihagije kugira ngo azibe umutsi cyangwa acike maze ajye mu bihaha. Abantu barwara VTE akenshi baba bafite ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera ibyago.

Hari abantu bafite poroteyine zidahuye mu maraso zabo zifasha amaraso kubumba (`(Thrombophilia)`). Ibi bishobora gutuma amaraso yabo abumba byoroshye kandi bigatuma adashonga neza kubumba amaraso yavutse. Ibi bishobora kuba umurage, cyangwa bikaba ingaruka mbi z'indi ndwara.

Hari igihe iyo umubiri uhagaze, ni ukuvuga iyo udakora , amaraso atembera mu mitsi aragabanuka kandi amaraso ashobora kubyimba. Tekereza gusa, iyo uri mu rugendo rurerure, iyo umaze amasaha menshi muri bisi cyangwa gari ya moshi, cyangwa iyo wicaye ku ntebe umunsi wose mu biro, cyangwa iyo urwaye kandi uryamye, ibi bibaho.

Impamvu ikunze gutera kubyimba kw'amaraso ni imvune cyangwa ubwandu. Hari igihe iki mvune giterwa no kuvurwa na muganga. Urugero, gishobora kubaho mu gihe cyo kubagwa, imiti ivura kanseri, cyangwa iyo umuntu yinjije umurongo wa IV (amazi yo mu mitsi) mu kuboko cyangwa agakoresho ka catheter. Abantu bamara igihe kirekire mu bitaro baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kubyimba kw'amaraso. Ibi biterwa nuko barimo gukira imvune cyangwa ubwandu, barimo kuvurwa cyane, kandi bamara igihe kinini mu buriri bw'ibitaro.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara VTE?

Dore bimwe mu bintu bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara VTE:

• Gukomereka k'umutsi bitewe no kuvunika cyangwa kubagwa.
• Indwara zandura.
• Kugabanuka kw'amaraso bitewe no kuguma ahantu hamwe igihe kirekire cyane.
• Indwara z’uturemangingo zihererekanywa mu bisekuruza n’amateka y’umuryango wa VTE.
• Ubwiyongere bw'urugero rw'imisemburo `(Estrogen)` bitewe no gutwita, gukoresha ibinini byo kuboneza urubyaro, cyangwa ubuvuzi bwo gusimbuza imisemburo (`(Ubuvuzi bwo gusimbuza imisemburo)`).
• Indwara zo kuvura amaraso, urugero `(Indwara ya Factor V Leiden)`, `(Polycythemia Vera)` na `(Indwara ya Sickle Cell)`.
• Zimwe mu ndwara zidakira, urugero nka kanseri, indwara z'umutima, n'indwara y'amara abyimba (IBD).
• Ibintu bitera imibereho, ni ukuvuga kunywa itabi, umubyibuho ukabije, no kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
• Imyaka (VTE) ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bantu bakuze. Ibi bishobora guterwa no kuba barwaye indwara zimwe na zimwe ndetse n'ibintu bibi mu mibereho yabo).

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya `VTE`?

Iyo umutsi ufunze bitewe n'indwara yo kugabanya amaraso mu mitsi (DVT), ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara aho amaraso yapfundikiye. Ibi birimo:

• Kubyimba (cyane cyane ku kuguru kumwe cyangwa ku kuboko kumwe)
• Umutuku
• Ukumva ushyushye iyo ukoze kuri ako gace
• Ububabare (cyane cyane iyo uhagaze cyangwa ugenda)

Ibimenyetso bya ``(PE)```, ni ukuvuga kubyimba kw'amaraso mu bihaha, bishobora kugaragara mu buryo butunguranye, rimwe na rimwe nta bimenyetso bya ``(DVT)`` byabanje. Ibi bimenyetso birimo:

• Kubabara mu gatuza (cyane cyane iyo uhumeka umwuka mwinshi)
• Guhumeka bigoranye (gutangira gutunguranye)
• Umutima utera cyane
• Kongera umuvuduko wo guhumeka
• Vertigo (kumva usa n'aho uri kuzunguruka)
• Gutakaza ubwenge
• Kubira ibyuya cyangwa kumva imbeho
• Gukorora amaraso

Icy'ingenzi: Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa cyane gushaka inama kwa muganga vuba , kuko ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'indwara ikomeye.

Ni gute `VTE` ipimwa?

Hari izindi ndwara zigira ibimenyetso bisa na DVT na PE. Kugira ngo umenye neza ko ufite indwara ya Venous Thromboembolic Disease, muganga wawe azabaza amateka yawe y'ubuzima, amenye ibintu bishobora gutera VTE, kandi agaragaze izindi ndwara. Bashobora kandi gukora isuzuma ry'amaraso kugira ngo barebe ibimenyetso by'amaraso yapfutse. Hanyuma bazakoresha ibizamini byo gufata amashusho, nko gupima, kugira ngo bamenye aho amaraso yapfutse.

Ni ibihe bipimo bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma `VTE`?

Hakorwa ibizamini bitandukanye kugira ngo hamenyekane `(DVT)` na `(PE)`.

Ibizamini bipima `DVT`

• Ibizamini by'amaraso: Hari ikizamini cy'amaraso cyitwa D-dimer. Iki gipimo cy'urugero rw'ikintu gisohoka iyo amaraso yangiritse. Iyo urugero rw'iki kintu ruri hejuru, gishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'uko amaraso yacitse. Ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora kandi gukorwa kugira ngo hapimwe urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso no kureba niba amaraso yaravukanye indwara zo kuvura amaraso.
• Ultrasound y'imitsi: Iki ni ikizamini cyo gupima imitsi mu buryo budababaza. Akenshi ni cyo gipimo cya mbere cyo kureba imitsi n'uko amaraso anyura muri yo. Rimwe na rimwe byitwa ultrasound ya duplex kuko ifite ibice bibiri. Mu gice cya mbere, muganga akoresha igikoresho gisa n'inkoni kugira ngo ayobore imitsi y'amajwi ku mitsi no kubona amashusho kuri ecran. Hanyuma imitsi ishobora gukandamizwa kugira ngo irebe niba iri gufunga neza cyangwa niba yafunzwe n'amaraso. Mu gice cya kabiri, imitsi y'amajwi iyoborwa kugira ngo irebe uko amaraso atembera mu mitsi. Iyo amaraso atembera neza, imitsi y'amajwi irahinduka binyuze mu kintu cyitwa Doppler effect.
• MR venography:Uburyo bwitwa Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) bushobora kuba bwiza kurusha ultrasound mu gusuzuma imitsi mu bice nko mu nda, mu gituza no mu kibuno. Muri MR venography, imiraba ya radiofrequency ikoreshwa mu kumenya amaraso yacitse. Muri iki kizamini, uzaryama mu mashini isanzwe ya MRI. Ushobora kandi guhabwa irangi ryihariye kugira ngo ufashe imitsi kugaragara neza.
• Gupima imiterere y'umubiri (Contrast venography): Iki ni ikizamini cya X-ray gisanzwe. Nanone, irangi ritandukanye rishyirwa mu mitsi kugira ngo imitsi igaragare neza ku mashusho. Nubwo rishobora kwangiza gato kurusha ibindi bizamini byo gufata amashusho, rifatwa nk'iry'ukuri kurushaho. Ibi bishobora gukorwa niba ibindi bizamini bitarafatwaho umwanzuro. Umutekinisiye wa X-ray ashyira umuyoboro muto mu mitsi minini yawe, akawuyobora mu cyerekezo gikwiye, agatera irangi ritandukanye, hanyuma agafata X-ray.

Ibizamini bipima `PE`

• Oximetry y'imitsi: Niba ibimenyetso byawe bigaragaza ko ufite PE, muganga wawe ashobora kubanza gupima urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso yawe ashyize icyuma gipima pulse oximetry ku rutoki rwawe. Niba urugero rwa ogisijeni ruri hasi, bishobora guterwa na PE cyangwa indi ndwara y'ibihaha cyangwa umutima.
• X-ray yo mu gituza: Nubwo X-ray yo mu gituza idashobora gusuzuma PE, ishobora kugaragaza izindi ndwara z'ibihaha cyangwa iz'umutima zishobora kuba zitera ibimenyetso byawe.
• Angiografiya y'imitsi yo mu bihaha (CTPA): Iki ni cyo gipimo gisanzwe cyo gusuzuma PE. Isuzuma rya CT ritanga amashusho y'imitsi n'imitsi yo mu bihaha byawe mu buryo bwa gatatu (3-D). "Pulmonary" bivuze ko bifitanye isano n'ibihaha, naho "angiografiya" ni X-ray y'imitsi y'amaraso. CTPA ntabwo itera indwara, ariko ishobora gusaba guterwa irangi rya contrast mu mitsi.
• Angiogramu y'ibihaha: Iyo ibindi bizamini bitaragera ku mwanzuro, angiogramu isanzwe y'ibihaha ishobora gutanga ibisubizo bifatika. Ariko, irabangamira gato. Kuri iyi angiogramu, umutekinisiye wa X-ray ashyira umuyoboro mu mitsi minini yawe, akawunyuza mu gituza cyawe, agatera irangi rya contrast, hanyuma agafata X-ray.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura VTE?

Uburyo bwo kuvura `(Vous Thromboembolism)` buterwa n'uburyo amaraso afite akaga. Hari `(DVT)` ishobora gukemurwa n'imiti inyobwa. Ariko, hari `(PE)` ishobora gukenera gukurwaho byihutirwa . Muganga wawe ashobora gukuraho `(PE)` ishobora gushyiramo catheter inyuze mu mitsi, cyangwa agatera umuti `(thrombolytic)` ugashongesha amaraso vuba. Ariko, kubera ingorane zishobora kubaho, ubwo buryo bukorwa gusa mu bihe byihutirwa.

Iyo VTE idahita ishyira ubuzima mu kaga, ubuvuzi bwibanda ku guhagarika udukoko twangiritse dusanzweho kugira ngo tudakura no gukumira udukoko dushya. Ubwo buryo bwo kuvura burimo imiti igabanya amaraso, ari yo miti igabanya amaraso, n'amasashi yo gukanda, bifasha mu kugumana amaraso meza. Mu bihe bigoye cyane, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukora ubushakashatsi ku mubiri, nko gushyira akayunguruzo mu mitsi kugira ngo wirinde ko udukoko twangiritse tugera mu bihaha byawe.

Ni gute wakwirinda VTE?

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera indwara yo kugabanya imitsi mu mitsi, ariko si byose dushobora kubigenzura. Ariko, muri rusange, gukomeza gukora cyane ni bwo buryo bworoshye bwo kuyirinda . Kubera ko DVT nyinshi ziba mu maguru, gukomeza gutembera neza mu maguru bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago.

Niba wicaye igihe kirekire, haba ku kazi cyangwa mu rugendo, menya neza ko uhaguruka ukagendagenda buri gihe kandi ugakora imyitozo ngororamubiri y'imitsi y'amaguru. Ibi bizafasha kugabanya kwishyira hamwe kw'amaraso. Waba urwaye cyangwa ukize nyuma yo kubagwa, kubyuka no kugendagenda vuba bishoboka bishobora kugufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kubyimba kw'amaraso. Imyitozo ngororamubiri ishobora kandi gufasha kugabanya stress no kugumana ibiro byiza . Izi ni izindi mpamvu zishobora gutuma VTE itera.

Ni gute wiyitaho nyuma yo kwibasirwa n’indwara ya VTE?

Niba wakoze VTE, menya ibi bintu:

• Jya kwitabwaho buri gihe. Muganga wawe azakurikirana ikibazo cyawe kandi afate icyemezo cy'igihe ugomba gufata imiti yawe.
• Fata imiti yawe neza neza nk'uko byategetswe. Ariko, niba ugize kuva amaraso menshi (ingaruka mbi zikomeye zo kugabanya amaraso), hagarika gufata imiti ako kanya kandi uhamagare muganga wawe.
• Menya ibimenyetso by'uko amaraso yacitse, cyane cyane kubyimba amaguru no kubabara iyo ukozeho.
• Gira ubuzima bwiza. Komeza gukora siporo, unywe amazi menshi, gabanya imihangayiko, kandi ureke kunywa itabi niba unywa itabi.

Wibuke ko hari impamvu nyinshi zitandukanye zitera Venous Thromboembolism. Hari ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago utazi kandi udashobora guhindura.

Nyuma y'iki kiganiro cyose, dore icyo ugomba kwibuka!

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera indwara yitwa `(Vénous Thromboembolism - VTE)`. Ushobora kuba ufite ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago utazi, kandi bimwe muri byo tudashobora kubigenzura. Ariko, hari byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo wirinde `(VTE)` . Kandi, ikibabaje nibibaho, bishobora gucungwa neza.

Niba ufite impungenge kuri ibi, vugana na muganga wawe ku bintu byihariye bishobora kugutera ibyago n'uburyo wagabanya ibyago byawe. Icy'ingenzi ni ugushaka inama z'abaganga vuba niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso bya "VTE". Dufata amaraso yose afite ubu n'ayo ushobora kurwara mu gihe kizaza nk'ingenzi cyane. Ntugatinye kujya kwa muganga vuba ukimara kugira impungenge. Ubuzima bwawe ni bwo dushyira imbere!

Amaraso agwa, imitsi, DVT, PE, ibihaha, Venous Thromboembolism, VTE