Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome ni iki? Reka tubiganireho!

Ese wigeze wumva indwara idasanzwe igira ingaruka ku bwonko no ku kwibuka? Hari igihe tutamenya ko iyo umubiri wacu ubuze vitamine zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane vitamine B1 yitwa "Thiamine", ubwonko bwacu bushobora kwangirika bikomeye. Imwe muri izo ndwara zikomeye ni Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) . Iyi ni indwara isaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa. Ese twavuga kuri ibi mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora gusobanukirwa?

Ese koko indwara ya Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (`WKS`) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, iyi ni indwara igira ingaruka ku bwonko bwacu no ku kwibuka kwacu. Impamvu nyamukuru ibitera ni uko umubiri wacu ufite igabanuka rikomeye rya 'Thiamine' ('Thiamine') cyangwa vitamine B1 . Tekereza nawe, umubiri wacu umeze nk'ikinyabiziga. Moteri y'iki kinyabiziga ni ubwonko. Moteri ikenera lisansi kugira ngo ikore. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, vitamine yitwa 'Thiamine' ('Thiamine') ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubwonko bwacu n'imitsi bikore neza. Iyi vitamine ni yo ihindura ibiryo turya mo ingufu. Rero iyo iyi 'Thiamine' ('Thiamine') igabanutse, ubwonko ntibubona ingufu bukeneye, hanyuma uturemangingo tw'ubwonko dutangira kwangirika.

Hari ibyiciro bibiri by'ingenzi muri iyi 'WKS':

1. Wernicke encephalopathy: Iki ni cyo gikomere cya mbere gitunguranye kandi gikomeye mu bwonko. Gisaba kuvurwa vuba.

2. Korsakoff syndrome: Iyi ni indwara y'igihe kirekire igira ingaruka zikomeye ku kwibuka.

Yitiriwe umuganga w’indwara z’imitsi w’Umudage Carl Wernicke n’umuganga w’indwara z’imitsi w’Umurusiya Sergei Korsakoff, ari na we wabanje kumenya iyo ndwara.

Ni iyihe sano iri hagati ya 'Wernicke's encephalopathy' na 'Korsakoff syndrome'?

Ibyo byombi birafitanye isano. Mu by’ukuri, indwara yitwa "Wernicke encephalopathy", iyo itavuwe ku gihe, ni yo igenda ihinduka ikibazo gikomeye cyo kwibuka cyitwa "Korsakoff syndrome".

Ubusanzwe hari ibimenyetso bitatu by'ingenzi bya Wernicke encephalopathy:

• Urujijo: Gutakaza ubwenge, gutakaza aho umuntu aherereye n'igihe.
• Kubura uburinganire no kudashobora kugenzura ingendo (`Ataxia`): Kugenda birahindagurika kandi amaguru n'amaboko biragorana kugenzura.
• Impinduka mu kureba no kugira ibibazo by'amaso: Ingendo z'amaso zidasanzwe, nko kubona ibintu bibiri.

Uretse ibi, rimwe na rimwe ndetse n'imitsi ishobora gucika intege.

Iyo ibi bimenyetso bikomeje igihe kirekire, habaho kwangirika burundu ku bwonko no ku turemangingo tw’imitsi. Aha niho habaho gutakaza kwibuka gukomeye kandi kwibuka bishya ntibibashe kwibukwa. Ibi byitwa ``Korsakoff syndrome```.

Indwara ya Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) ni indwara ishobora kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita ndetse ikaba yanashyira ubuzima mu kaga. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kuvurwa vuba hifashishijwe thiamine. Kubikora bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibimenyetso no gukumira kwangirika burundu k'ubwonko n'ibindi bikorwa byabwo.

Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu wawe wa hafi ufite ibi bimenyetso, ugomba guhita ubonana na muganga cyangwa ukajya kwa muganga uri hafi yawe.

Ni nde urebwa cyane n'iki kibazo?

Indwara ya Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) ikunze kugaragara ku bagabo kurusha abagore. Ikunze kugaragara ku bantu bari hagati y'imyaka 30 na 70. Abantu benshi barwara WKS kubera kunywa inzoga ni abagabo barengeje imyaka 40. Ariko, abagore n'abakiri bato nabo bashobora kuyirwara bitewe n'izindi mpamvu zitari inzoga. Ikunze kugaragara ku bana bato.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara indwara ya Wernicke-Korsakoff?

Wernicke encephalopathy ni indwara ikunze kugaragara ku bantu bakoresha inzoga cyane (ikibazo cyo gukoresha inzoga). Iyo inzoga zinyowe igihe kirekire, zangiza igifu n'igogora. Binabangamira ubushobozi bw'umubiri bwo kwinjiza vitamine (malabsorption). Bivugwa ko hafi 80% by'abasinzi badashobora kwinjiza cyangwa kugumana thiamine ihagije.

Byongeye kandi, abantu badashobora kwinjiza ibiryo neza bitewe n’indwara zimwe na zimwe bashobora kurwara "WKS". Urugero, bishobora kubaho nyuma yo kubagwa (`bariatric surgery`) cyangwa nk’ingaruka za `chimiotherapie` ku ndwara ya kanseri.

Dore izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera ibyago:

• Indwara zo mu mara, urugero, indwara y’ububyimbirwe bw’amara cyangwa indwara y’igifu.
• Kanseri (cyane cyane mu bihe bikomeye).
• Imisemburo ya tiroyide iri hejuru cyane (thyrotoxicosis).
• Impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo.
• Gukoresha imiti ivura indwara z'umutima igihe kirekire.
• Indwara zo kubura Thiamine nka VIH/SIDA.
• Kunanirwa kw'impyiko, kuko kuvurwa na dialyse igihe kirekire bigabanya ubushobozi bw'umubiri bwo kwinjiza thiamine.
• Kutagira uburyo bwo kubona ibigo by'ubuvuzi cyangwa ibiryo bifite intungamubiri.
• Kuruka cyane no kugira isesemi mu gihe cyo gutwita (hyperemesis gravidarum).

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera 'syndrome ya Wernicke-Korsakoff'?

Impamvu nyamukuru ibitera ni ukubura "Thiamine". Iyi vitamine y'ingenzi niyo ihindura isukari turya mo ingufu. Rero iyo tudafite "Thiamine" ihagije, ubwonko bwacu ntibubona ingufu bukeneye kugira ngo bukore neza.

Impamvu nyamukuru itera kubura thiamine niKunywa inzoga nyinshi igihe kirekire. Inzoga zituma bigorana umubiri kwinjiza thiamine no kuyibika mu mwijima. Inzoga kandi zibangamira ikoreshwa rya vitamine B1 mu yindi mirimo y'ingenzi.

Hariho n'izindi mpamvu:

• Indyo idakwiye: Kutarya indyo yuzuye.
• Indwara zo kurya: nko kubura inzara (anorexia) na bulimia.
• Indwara zidakira.
• Kubaga: Cyane cyane kubaga nko kubaga igifu kugira ngo ugabanye ibiro.
• Gukomereka mu bwonko: Ariko ibi ni gake cyane.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya 'Syndrome ya Wernicke-Korsakoff'?

Ibi bishobora kugaragara mu bimenyetso bitandukanye. Kimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara mu bihe bikomeye ni 'confabulation' . Ni ukuvuga guhimba inkuru mu bitekerezo byawe kugira ngo uhishe ibintu utibuka. Tekereza, umuntu ntiyibuka ikintu yakoze ejo, ariko akabeshya kugira ngo akihishe, ariko ntabeshya kuko atekereza ko byabayeho koko. Bemera inkuru.

Abantu bafite iyi ndwara bashobora kumva batazi icyo bakora cyangwa batazi. Uku kwitiranya ibintu bituma bigorana kubona ko hari ikibazo kiri muri bo no gushaka ubuvuzi.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe bya Wernicke encephalopathy:

• Kubura uburinganire cyangwa kudashobora kugenzura ingendo (ataxia).
• 'Guhuzagurika'.
• Urujijo, guta umutwe.
• Kugorwa no kugenda, kudahagarara neza.
• Gusinzira.
• Ubushyuhe bw'umubiri buri hasi cyane (hypothermia).
• Ingorane z'umutima: kwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'umutima (tachycardia) cyangwa umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi (hypotension).
• Kubura guhuza imitsi (ataxia).

Ibibazo by'amaso nabyo birakunze kugaragara:

• Ingendo z'amaso zidasanzwe (nystagmus).
• Kureba kabiri.
• Kugwa kw'ijisho ryo hejuru (ptosis).
• Kudakora neza kw'imitsi y'amaso cyangwa intege nke zayo (ophthalmoplegia).

Iyo Wernicke encephalopathy itavuwe, ishobora kuzamuka ikaba Korsakoff syndrome, indwara yo kwibuka igihe kirekire. Ibimenyetso byayo birimo:

• Gutakaza burundu kwibuka (`Amnesia`) cyangwa kudashobora kwibuka ikintu gishya.
• Impinduka mu myitwarire: kurakara vuba, kurakara vuba.
• 'Guhuzagurika'.
• Kudatekereza no kubura icyerekezo.
• Umunaniro cyangwa ubunebwe.
• Kurota ibintu bitagaragara, cyane cyane iyo umuntu aretse inzoga.
• Kudashobora kwibanda ku kintu.
• Ingendo idahamye.

Ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe ntibikira burundu nubwo haba hari imiti. Mu bihe bikomeye, umuntu ashobora gutakaza ubwenge (`coma`). Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu wa hafi yawe atakaje ubwenge, cyangwa niba ufite ibimenyetso bya `Syndrome ya Wernicke-Korsakoff`, jya kwa muganga cyangwa ujye mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bwihuse.

Ni gute indwara ya 'Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome' ipimwa?

Kumenya iyi ndwara ya `WKS` hakiri kare ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ubuvuzi bugende neza. Abaganga bayisuzuma bakoresheje isuzuma ry’umubiri, kubaza ibimenyetso byawe, no kubaza amateka y’umuryango wawe. Ariko, bishobora kugorana kuyisuzuma iyo umuntu ari mu rujijo cyangwa afite ikibazo cyo kwibuka.

Muganga azasuzuma by'umwihariko ibi bintu:

• Ese hari ibibazo byo gukoresha inzoga (`Indwara yo gukoresha inzoga`)?
• Ese hari imirire mibi?
• Ese hari ikibazo cyo kubura thiamine?

Ni ibihe bipimo bifasha mu gusuzuma indwara ya Wernicke-Korsakoff?

Muganga wawe azagutegeka gupima amaraso kugira ngo arebe urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe na thiamine. Ashobora kandi gutumiza isuzuma ry'inzoga mu maraso kugira ngo arebe niba inzoga ikoreshwa ndetse n'isuzuma ry'umwijima kugira ngo arebe imikorere y'umwijima, kuko ibi bishobora kugaragaza ko umwijima wangiritse.

Ibindi bizamini bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe izindi mpamvu:

• Ikizamini cya 'Arterial blood gas' (ABG) gisuzuma urugero rwa dioxyde de carbone na oxygene mu maraso.
• 'Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso' (`Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso - CBC`).
• Gusuzuma uburozi.

Ushobora kandi gukenera ibizamini byo gufata amashusho nk'ibi:

• 'Isuzuma rya CT'.
• 'MRI' ('MRI`).
• 'Electrocardiogram' ('Electrocardiogram - EKG`).

Ese Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome ishobora gukira? Ivurwa ite?

Mu by’ukuri, ntabwo ikira burundu. Ariko, iyo ubuvuzi butangiye hakiri kare, ibimenyetso bishobora koroherwa kandi bimwe muri byo bishobora gusubizwa inyuma. Ibi bivuze ko indwara ya ``Wernicke encephalopathy`` ishobora guhagarikwa gukomeza ikaba ``Korsakoff syndrome``.

Kenshi na kenshi, ubuvuzi bushobora kugenzura cyangwa kunoza ibimenyetso nko kujijinganya, ibibazo by'amaso, no kubura uburinganire. Muganga wawe azategura gahunda y'ubuvuzi ikubereye.

Ibi bikurikira akenshi bikorwa nk'ubuvuzi:

• Gutanga Vitamine B1 binyuze mu binini cyangwa inshinge.
• Niba umubiri wabuze amazi, tanga umunyu ukoresheje "IV fluids".
• Kuvura ibibazo bijyanye no kunywa inzoga.
• Gutanga inkunga y'imirire.
• Tanga indi miti niba bibaye ngombwa.

Ni gute wagabanya ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara?

Kenshi na kenshi, guhagarika cyangwa kugabanya inzoga ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya Wernicke-Korsakoff. Nanone, kugira imirire myiza, nibiba ngombwa, gufata inshinge cyangwa ibinini bya thiamine bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara, cyane cyane ku bantu babaswe n'inzoga.

Ni iki giteganyijwe ku muntu urwaye Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu wawe wa hafi ufite iyi ndwara, uko ikwirakwira ry’indwara riterwa n’ubukana bw’ibimenyetso byayo n’uburyo indwara ivurwa vuba. Kuvurwa hakiri kare bishobora guhindura ibimenyetso no gukumira ingorane z’igihe kirekire. Ariko, iyo bitavuwe, bishobora gutera ubumuga ndetse n’urupfu.

Ni ryari ugomba gushaka inama kwa muganga kuri iyi ndwara?

Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi afite ibimenyetso bya Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga vuba. Ushobora guhamagara muganga wawe cyangwa kujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze cy’ibitaro biri hafi yawe kugira ngo uhabwe ubuvuzi bw’ibanze.

Nitwara nte?

Gusuzuma indwara ya Wernicke-Korsakoff si ikintu cyoroshye. Ushobora gukenera kujya mu bitaro no kuvurwa. Icy'ingenzi ni ugukurikiza inama za muganga wawe, nko kugabanya kunywa inzoga (cyangwa kuzireka burundu) no kurya indyo yuzuye intungamubiri. Ibi bintu bizagufasha cyane gukira.

Kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe witonze kugira ngo ucunge ingorane kandi uvure ibimenyetso. Azagukorera gahunda y'ubuvuzi bwite ikubereye kandi igufashe kugarura ubuzima bwawe.

Indwara ya Wernicke-Korsakoff ni indwara idakunze kugaragara ariko ikomeye yo kwibuka. Isaba kuvurwa byihutirwa kugira ngo igabanye ibimenyetso kandi ikumire ingorane. Uko indwara igenda ikura, ibimenyetso by'imitsi, nko kwitiranya ibintu cyane no kubura umurongo, biragaragara. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutuma wowe cyangwa umuntu wawe wa hafi bitakugora kumenya indwara yawe. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare. Muganga wawe azakugira inama yo kugufasha mu buryo bujyanye n'ibyo ukeneye.

Ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Noneho rero, dore ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka kuri `Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome` twavuzeho:

• Iyi ni indwara ikomeye igira ingaruka ku bwonko no ku kwibuka bitewe no kubura thiamine (vitamine B1).
• Impamvu nyamukuru ishobora gutera ikibazo ni inzoga nyinshi.
• Icyiciro cya mbere ni Wernicke encephalopathy, iyo itavuwe, ishobora gutera ikibazo cyo kwibuka igihe kirekire cyitwa Korsakoff syndrome.
• Kutabona neza, kugenda nabi, ibibazo byo kutabona no kwibagirwa bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'ingenzi.
• Gusuzuma vuba no kuvurwa byihutirwa ukoresheje thiamine ni ngombwa.
• Nubwo idashobora gukira burundu, kuvurwa hakiri kare bishobora kugenzura ibimenyetso no gukumira kwangirika burundu.
• Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi agaragaje ibi bimenyetso, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya.

Ndizera ko aya makuru azaba ingirakamaro kuri wewe. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Indwara ya Wernicke -Korsakoff, kubura thiamine, vitamine B1, kunywa inzoga, kudakora neza mu kwibuka, ibibazo by'ubwonko, indwara z'imitsi