Tekereza umuntu uzi neza kandi wari usanzwe ufite ubuzima bwiza atangiye kwitwara nk'umuntu udasanzwe. Atakaza ubwenge bwe, akagira ingorane zo kugenda , kandi akavuga nabi iyo avuga. Ibi bintu biramutse bibaye ku muvuduko udasanzwe mu mezi make, bishobora guterwa n'indwara y'ubwonko idasanzwe ariko ikomeye cyane. Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga kuri imwe muri izo ndwara, indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob, cyangwa CJD nkuko twese tuyita. Nubwo iyi ari ingingo iteye ubwoba, ni ngombwa cyane kumenya neza ibyayo.
Ese CJD na "indwara y'inka y'abasazi" ni kimwe?
Abantu benshi bitiranya CJD na "Indwara y'inka ishaje." Ariko, ibyo byombi si bimwe.
Muri make, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) ni indwara y'ubwonko yibasira inka gusa. Iyo ibaye, uturemangingo tw'imitsi y'inka turangirika, bigatuma zihagarara kandi zigakora ibintu bidasanzwe.
Ariko, hari ubwoko bwa CJD bushobora kwanduzwa n'abantu bariye inyama z'inka yanduye indwara y'inka y'ibisazi . Yitwa Variant CJD (vCJD) . Ariko ibi ni gake cyane . Habayeho abarwayi bake cyane ku isi. Rero ubu si bwo buryo indwara ya CJD dusanzwe tuvuga ibaho.
Kuki iyi ndwara ya CJD ibaho?
Impamvu nyamukuru ya CJD ni impinduka idasanzwe muri poroteyine mu mubiri wacu. Iyi poroteyine idasanzwe kandi yahindutse yitwa prion .
Tekereza kuri poroteyine nziza mu bwonko bwacu nk'urupapuro ruzungurutse neza. Iyi poroteyine yahinduwe yitwa prion iraza ikazinga uru rupapuro rwiza nabi. Hanyuma icyo gice cyazungurutse nabi gikomeza kuzingira izindi mpapuro nziza nabi. Bityo, uturemangingo tw'ubwonko turangirika buhoro buhoro. Iyo urebye kuri mikorosikopi, uru rugingo rw'ubwonko rwangiritse rusa n'urusenda.
Hari ubwoko butatu bwa CJD bitewe n'uburyo prion ikorwa.
| Ubwoko bwa CJD | Impamvu n'ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| CJD idakunze kubaho | Ubu ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane. Nta mpamvu igaragara, poroteyine nzima ihinduka mu buryo butunguranye ikaba prion. Abarwayi benshi ba CJD bafite ubwo bwoko. |
| CJD yo mu muryango | Ibi biterwa n'ubusembwa bw'uturemangingo. Iyo umwe mu babyeyi afite gene yahindutse itera iyi ndwara, ishobora kwanduzwa abana. Ariko ibi nabyo ni gake cyane. Abagera kuri 10%-15% by'abarwayi ba CJD ni bo bonyine bari muri iki cyiciro. |
| CJD yaguzwe | Ubu ni bwo bwoko budasanzwe. Umuntu ashobora kwandura CJD binyuze mu bikoresho byanduye byo kwa muganga (urugero: mu gihe cyo kubagwa), guterwa ingingo, cyangwa guterwa inshinge zanduye ziterwa imisemburo itera indwara. Ibi byagabanutse cyane bitewe n’ingamba zikomeye z’umutekano mu bitaro muri iki gihe. |
Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya CJD?
Ikintu giteje akaga cyane kuri CJD ni uko ibimenyetso bitangira vuba cyane kandi bikarushaho kwiyongera vuba cyane. Akenshi, ibi bimenyetso bisa n'iby'indwara yo kwibagirwa.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigaragara ni ibi bikurikira:
- Gutakaza kwibuka no kwiheba
- Kugorwa no kugenda no gutakaza uburinganire
- Gutitira kw'imitsi mu buryo butunguranye (imigendere ihindagurika)
- Impinduka mu miterere (guhinduka uburakari, guhangayika)
- Kugorwa no gutekereza no gufata ibyemezo
- Ibibazo byo kutabona neza
- Kubura ibitotsi no kwiheba
Itandukaniro riri hagati ya CJD n'indwara ya Alzheimer
Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kukwibutsa indwara ya Alzheimer . Ariko itandukaniro rikomeye ni umuvuduko . Mu ndwara ya Alzheimer, ibintu nko kubura kwibuka bigenda buhoro buhoro uko imyaka igenda ihita. Ariko muri CJD, indwara y'umurwayi irushaho gukomera vuba cyane, mu byumweru cyangwa amezi nyuma y'uko ibi bimenyetso bitangiye.
Ni gute wasuzuma iyi ndwara neza?
Ikibabaje ni uko nta kizamini na kimwe gishobora kwemeza CJD. Abaganga bapima indwara bashingiye ku bimenyetso by'umurwayi n'uburyo yihuta kuyikuramo. Ariko, iyo hakekwa ko iyi ndwara ihari, hakorwa ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo byemezwe.
- Isuzuma rya MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Ibi bishobora gufata amashusho arambuye y'ubwonko. Bishobora kureba impinduka zihariye mu bwonko ziba muri CJD.
- Ikizamini cya EEG (Electroencephalogram): Iki kizamini gipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ubwonko hakoreshejwe utwuma duto dufatanye n'umutwe. Iki kizamini gishobora kwerekana imiterere iranga abarwayi ba CJD.
- Gutera amenyo mu gifu: Hakoreshejwe urushinge rwiza cyane, hafatwa akantu gato k'amazi yo mu bwonko mu ruti rw'umugongo hanyuma hagapimwa poroteyine runaka ziboneka muri CJD.
Uburyo bwonyine bwo kwemeza iyi ndwara nta gushidikanya 100% ni ugufata icyitegererezo cy'ingingo z'ubwonko (biopsy). Ariko, gufata icyitegererezo nk'icyo mu bwonko bw'umuntu muzima ni ikibazo gikomeye ku murwayi no kwa muganga, bityo akenshi ntibikorwa. Akenshi, indwara yemezwa burundu nyuma y'urupfu rw'umurwayi.
Uko indwara igenda irushaho kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita
CJD inyura mu byiciro bitandukanye uko igihe kigenda gihita, bigatuma biba ikibazo kibabaza umurwayi ndetse n'umuryango we.
| Icyiciro cy'indwara | Ibiranga byitezwe |
|---|---|
| Icyiciro cya mbere | Kuvuga amagambo menshi mu gihe uvuga, kuzungera, kugira ibinya mu bice by'umubiri, kubona ibintu bitabaho (ibintu bitagaragara), kurakara nta mpamvu, kwitandukanya n'abandi, no kudasinzira. |
| Icyiciro cya nyuma | Kudashobora kugenzura amara n'inkari, kugorwa cyane no kumira no kuvuga, gutakaza ubwenge cyane, guhangayika, kuryama mu buriri, no kwiheba. |
Abantu bagera kuri 70% barwaye CJD bapfa nyuma yo kumenyekana.Uzapfa mu mwaka umwe. Iyo ubyumvise, ushobora kumva ufite ubwoba bwinshi, ubabaye kandi urakaye. Ibi ni ibisanzwe. Ntugakomereke uri wenyine mu gihe nk'iki. Ni ngombwa cyane kuvugana na muganga wawe no kubona ubufasha bw'imitekerereze bukenewe.
Ese hari uburyo bwo kuvura CJD?
Ikibabaje ni uko nta muti cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura CJD buhari. Abashakashatsi bagerageje imiti myinshi, ariko nta n'umwe wagize icyo ugeraho.
Ikintu kimwe rukumbi gishobora gukorwa ubu ni ukugenzura ibimenyetso . Ibyo bivuze:
- Gutanga imiti igabanya ububabare.
- Gutanga imiti ivura imitsi igoramye no kubabara.
- Gutanga ibikoresho bikenewe kugira ngo umurwayi arusheho kumererwa neza uko bishoboka kose.
Iyo indwara imaze gukomera, umurwayi azakenera kwitabwaho by'igihe cyose. Ubushakashatsi burakomeje kugira ngo haboneke uburyo bwo kuvura iyi ndwara mu gihe kizaza. Niba ubyifuza, ushobora kubaza muganga wawe ku birebana n'igeragezwa ry'ubuvuzi ririmo kugerageza uburyo bushya bwo kuvura.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) ni indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane kandi ikwirakwira vuba mu bwonko yica.
- Ibi biterwa no gusenyuka kw'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko hakoreshejwe poroteyine yahinduwe yitwa prion.
- CJD na "Mad Cow Disease" ni indwara ebyiri zitandukanye. Ariko, hari ubwoko budasanzwe bwa CJD (vCJD) bushobora kwanduzwa no kurya inyama z'inka zanduye.
- Nta muti uraboneka kugeza ubu. Icyo umuntu ashobora gukora ni ukugenzura ibimenyetso no gutuma umurwayi yumva amerewe neza.
- Niba umuntu uzi agize impinduka zikomeye mu kwibuka, imyitwarire, n'imikorere y'umubiri mu gihe gito, hita ubonana na muganga . Gusuzuma indwara vuba ni ingenzi kugira ngo utegure neza kandi wite ku buzima bwawe.
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