Ese wigeze ubona ko hari abantu bamwe badukikije, wenda umwana wacu, inshuti yacu, cyangwa natwe ubwacu, dutekereza kandi tugakora ibintu bitandukanye gato n'abandi? Hari igihe tubona ibyo bitandukanye nk'inenge cyangwa intege nke. Ariko se koko ibyo ni intege nke? Cyangwa ni itandukaniro risanzwe mu buryo ubwonko bwacu bukora? Icyo ni cyo gitekerezo cy'ingenzi tuvugaho uyu munsi. Byitwa Neurodiversity .
Umuntu "udahinduka mu mitsi" ni nde?
Mu magambo make, iki ni igitekerezo cyiza. Ijambo "neurodiversity" ryatangiye gushingwa mu mpera za 1990 na Judy Singer, umuhanga mu by'imibanire y'abantu wari ufite autism. Yavuze ko zimwe mu ndwara z'iterambere, nka ADHD na autism, mu by'ukuri atari indwara, ahubwo ari impinduka karemano mu bwonko bwacu. Ni ukuvuga ko ubwonko bwa buri wese atari bumwe. Ubwonko bw'abantu bamwe bukora mu buryo butandukanye gato. Iryo tandukaniro ribaha imbogamizi, ariko kandi rinabaha imbaraga n'ubushobozi bwihariye .
Tekereza muri ubu buryo. Umwana wawe afite ingorane zo kwita ku byo akora (ADHD). Afite ingorane zo gutangira no kurangiza imirimo ku gihe. Ariko iyo umusabye gukora ikintu gishya, gushushanya, cyangwa gushaka igisubizo gishya ku kibazo runaka, aba ari umwana w'umunyabwenge kurusha abandi bose mu ishuri. Ntatinya kuvuga icyo atekereza. Ni cyo kintu nyamukuru cy'iki gitekerezo. Kubona imbaraga zihishe mu zisa n'aho ari intege nke.
Ubumuga bw'imitsi si ubumuga, ariko abantu bafite ubwo bumuga butandukanye , cyangwa abantu bafite ubwonko butandukanye, bashobora gukenera ubufasha n'uburyo bwo kubashyigikira kugira ngo babashe gukora akazi kabo byoroshye ku ishuri cyangwa ku kazi.
Hari indwara nyinshi z'ingenzi muri rusange ziterwa n'ubusumbane mu mikorere y'ubwonko.
| Izina ry'ikibazo (Imiterere) | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| ADHD (Indwara yo kudakora neza mu mutwe) | Kugorwa no gukomeza kwita ku bintu, gukora cyane no kugira imyitwarire idahwitse. |
| Indwara ya Autism Spectrum | Impinduka mu mibanire n'abandi, itumanaho, n'imyitwarire. Bashobora kugaragaza inyungu n'impano bidasanzwe mu bintu bimwe na bimwe. |
| Kunanirwa gusobanya (dyslexia) | Kugorwa no gusoma no kwandika. Ibibazo byo kumenya inyuguti n'amagambo. |
| Kudakora neza kw'imitsi (dyspraxie) | Kugorwa no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri no guhuza umubiri. |
| Izindi ngorane zo kwiga | Ibihe nk'ibijyanye no kudakora neza mu masomo (discalculia) (ibibazo byo kwiga amasomo nk'imibare). |
Ni gute iki kibazo bigira ingaruka ku ishuri n'uburezi?
Yaba ishuri cyangwa kaminuza, si buri munyeshuri umeze kimwe. Buri munyeshuri afite imiterere ye itandukanye yo kwiga. Bamwe biga bakumva. Abandi bandika. Bamwe bakeneye kwiga bagakora. Ariko sisitemu yacu y'uburezi akenshi igamije guhuza umwana "usanzwe" utekereza kandi akora ibintu bimwe.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, abana bafite ibitekerezo bitandukanye bakunze kuzimira. Bitwa "abatigishwa," "abaswa," "abanebwe." Ariko igitekerezo cy'ubusumbane mu mitsi kireba aba bana bose mu buryo butandukanye. Ni nk'urushundura runini, rushobora gufata aba bana bose.
Ubu, mu bice byinshi by'isi, cyane cyane muri za kaminuza, hari akamenyero ko gukoresha ijambo "Neurodiversity" aho gukoresha ijambo "ubumuga." Ibi bivuze ko tureka kuvuga gusa ku ntege nke z'umwana ahubwo tukibanda ku bushobozi bwe muri rusange n'itandukaniro rye. Ibi birimo abana bafite ubumuga bwo kwiga bwagaragaye ko bushobora kubaho mu buryo bw'ubuvuzi, ndetse n'abana badafite ubwo bumuga ariko bafite itandukaniro.
Ese hari umwanya wo kuba hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'imitsi mu kazi?
Iki nacyo ni ikibazo cy'ingenzi cyane. Umuntu ufite imico itandukanye y'ubwonko ahura n'ikibazo gikomeye mu kazi. Akenshi agomba gushyiraho imihati myinshi kugira ngo ahuze n'aho akorera. Urugero, iyo urusaku rumukikije rumuteye guta intego, agomba gushaka uburyo bwo kurwigenzura. Agomba guhora atekereza ku buryo avugana n'abandi n'uko yitwara.
Iyi mihati y'inyongera ya buri munsi ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwabo bwo mu mutwe no ku mubiri uko igihe kigenda gihita, ndetse ishobora no kugabanya ubushobozi bwabo mu kazi.
"Abandi bantu bazantekerezaho iki? Iyo nsabye ubufasha, bazatekereza ko ngerageza gukina n'iyi gahunda." Ubwo bwoba butuma abantu benshi banga no gusaba ubufasha bakeneye.
Ariko, niba ahantu ho gukorera ha none hagiye hafatwa nk'aho ari Neuro DIV , iki kibazo gishobora guhinduka burundu. Iyo abayobozi babimenye, bashobora gushyiraho ahantu ho gukorera hakwiriye buri wese.
Ibintu ushobora gukora nk'umuyobozi w'ikigo
- Hanga imirimo ijyanye n'abantu bafite ubushobozi butandukanye: Hanga imirimo ijyanye n'imbaraga za buri muntu, aho gushyira abantu bose mu cyiciro kimwe.
- Tanga ahantu ho gukorera hafite imiterere isobanutse: Gira imiterere isobanutse ku masaha y'akazi, aho ukorera (nk'aho ukorera uri mu rugo), n'uko ukora.
- Kora gahunda y'akazi ifasha buri wese kwakira: Gira politiki ifunguye kandi isobanutse neza yerekeye aho ukorera, igihe ukorera n'uko ukorera.
Reka turebe imbaraga aho kureba intege nke!
Ikintu cy'ingenzi igitekerezo cy'ubusumbane bw'imitsi gisa n'uko, aho kwibanda gusa ku ntege nke zizanwa n'indwara nka ADHD na autism , twagombye gushaka imbaraga zazo no kuziha umwanya.
Ndetse n'ubushakashatsi bwabonye ibimenyetso kuri ibi.
- Nubwo abantu barwaye ADHD bakunze kuba intagondwa, barangwa no guhanga udushya, ubutwari n'impuhwe . Bafite kandi ubushobozi butangaje bwo kwibanda cyane ku kintu bakunda amasaha menshi.
- Abantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bafite ubushobozi butangaje bwo kwita ku bintu bigoye . Bafite ubushobozi bwo kwibuka bwinshi cyane. Batanga umusanzu utangaje mu nzego nka porogaramu za mudasobwa na muzika. Urugero, umuhanzi w’icyamamare Mozart yari afite ubushobozi bwo kwibuka mu muziki butangaje kandi afite ubushobozi bwo kumenya inota iryo ari ryo ryose mu ijwi ryumvikana.
- Abantu bafite ikibazo cyo kunanirwa gusoma neza bashobora gusobanukirwa amakuru amwe n'amwe mu buryo bw'amaso kurusha abantu basanzwe.Hari ubushobozi. Ubu bushobozi ni ingirakamaro cyane ku mirimo nko gushushanya amashusho ya mudasobwa.
Abahanga mu bya siyansi batekereza ko ingirabuzimafatizo zifitanye isano n’izi "ntege nke" zihererekanywa kuva ku gisekuru kugeza ku kindi kuko zari zifite inyungu mu iterambere. Urugero, abakurambere bacu bashobora kuba barafashijwe no gukora cyane no kudashyira mu gaciro kwabo kugira ngo babone ibyo kurya no guhunga akaga.
Ni izihe mbogamizi zijyanye n'iki gitekerezo?
Nubwo iki gitekerezo ari cyiza, si bose babyemera. Bamwe, cyane cyane abafite indwara zikomeye nka autisme n'imiryango yabo, bemera cyane ko ibi atari byoroshye nkuko bigaragara, kandi ko ubu bumuga bushobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.
Nanone, uburyo abantu bakunda kwimenyekanisha butandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi. Hari abantu bakunda kuvuga ngo "umukozi ufite autisme." Abandi bakunda kwimenyekanisha nka "Ndi umukozi wa autisme."
Ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi ni uko nubwo ubwoko butandukanye bw'imitsi atari ubumuga, kubera ko umuryango wacu, amashuri, n'aho dukora bitaramenyera ubwo budasa , aba bantu baracyari mu kaga. Kubwibyo, hari abantu bahitamo gukomeza kwitwa "ubumuga" nk'ikimenyetso cyo kwemera ubwo busembwa.
Ibi byose bitwibutsa ko tukiri mu ntangiriro z'uru rugendo. Ni inshingano zacu gusobanukirwa ubu bwoko bwiza bw'ubwonko bw'umuntu no kurema isi aho bose bashobora kubaho bubahana kandi bashyigikiwe. Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa gushidikanya ku mwana wawe, cyangwa kuri wowe ubwawe, ni ngombwa cyane kuganira na muganga wawe kuri ibyo kugira ngo agusobanukirwe neza kandi akuyobore.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Ubudasa bw'ubwonko ni igitekerezo cy'uko itandukaniro mu mikorere y'ubwonko bwacu ari ibisanzwe kandi ari karemano.
- Indwara nka ADHD, Autism, na Dyslexia si ubumuga gusa, ahubwo zizana imbaraga n'ubushobozi bwihariye.
- Icyo tugomba gukora ni ukudatererana aba bantu; tugomba gushyiraho ibidukikije mu mashuri, mu kazi no muri sosiyete bibashyigikira kandi bigaha agaciro ubushobozi bwabo.
- Niba ufite impungenge cyangwa gushidikanya ku myitwarire y'umwana wawe cyangwa umwana wawe cyangwa uburyo yiga, ni ngombwa cyane kubibwira muganga akakugira inama ikwiye.











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