Ngatidzidzei zvakawanda nezve insulin. Sei ichikosha kwazvo kumuviri wedu?

Pamwe wakambonzwa izwi rekuti insulin, handiti? Pamwe kana mumwe munhu mumhuri mako aine chirwere cheshuga, kana kuti iwe pachako uri chirwere cheshuga, zita iri rinozivikanwa zvikuru. Saka, chii chinonzi insulin? Sei ichikosha mumuviri wedu? Ngatitaurei nezvazvo zviri nyore, nenzira yaunogona kunzwisisa.

Chii chinonzi insulin? Chii chinoita kuti munhu awane insulin?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, insulin ihormone inogadzirwa mumuviri wedu. Inogadzirwa nenhengo inonzi pancreas yedu. Basa guru re insulin nderekubatsira masero emuviri wedu kushandisa shuga, kana kuti glucose, kubva muchikafu chatinodya sesimba.

Funga nezvazvo nenzira iyi, masero ari mumuviri wedu akafanana nedzimba diki. Dzimba idzi dzinoda simba kuti dzishande. Simba iroro rinobva kuglucose. Zvisinei, kuti shuga iyi ipinde mudzimba dzinonzi masero, inoda kiyi yekuvhura musuwo. Kiyi iyoyo iinsulin. Kana insulin ikavhura mikova yemasero, shuga iri muropa inopinda mumasero uye inoshandurwa kuita simba.

Iye zvino wava kunzwisisa kukosha kwe insulin, handiti? Kana nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero pancreas yedu isingagadzire insulin nemazvo, kana kuti kana muviri usingakwanise kushandisa insulin yaunogadzira nemazvo, glucose iyoyo haigone kupinda mumasero. Zvino zvinoitika ndezvekuti huwandu hweglucose muropa hunongowedzera. Izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti shuga yakakwira muropa (hyperglycemia) . Kana mamiriro aya akaramba aripo, tichasangana nechirwere chinonzi chirwere cheshuga.

Kunewo mhando dze insulin dzinopihwa kunze kwemuviri senzira yekurapa vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga. Tichataura nezvazvo gare gare.

Ko insulin inoderedza huwandu hweshuga muropa here kana kuti inowedzera?

Ehe, insulin inoderedza huwandu hweshuga muropa rako. Ndiro basa rayo guru. Asi miviri yedu inoshanda nenzira inoshamisa. Kune rimwe hormone rinobatsira kuchengetedza huwandu hweshuga muropa, iro iglucagon. Kunyange zvazvo insulin ichideredza huwandu hweshuga muropa, glucagon inowedzera huwandu hweshuga muropa kana zvichidikanwa. Mahormone maviri aya anoshanda pamwe chete kuti huwandu hweshuga muropa redu hurambe hwakanaka.

Zvisinei, kana ukatora insulin kunze kwemuviri senzira yekurapa chirwere cheshuga, dzimwe nguva kana ukatora zvinopfuura huwandu hunodiwa, huwandu hweshuga muropa rako hunogona kudzikira zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinonzi hypoglycemia . Kana izvi zvikaitika, unofanirwa kudya kana kunwa shuga nekukurumidza kuti ugadzirise. Kunewo majekiseni eglucagon anogona kupihwa kana shuga yako yeropa yadzikira zvakanyanya. Zvakanaka kutaura nachiremba wako nezveizvi.

Insulin inogadzirwa kupi?

Sezvatakambotaura, insulin inogadzirwa mupancreas yedu. Zvakanyanya kunaka, nemasero e beta mumapoka emasero anonzi islets of Langerhans mupancreas.Homoni iyi inonzi insulin inogadzirwa nepancreas. Iyi inzira ye endocrine . Kureva kuti, insulin inogadzirwa inoburitswa zvakananga muropa.

Rwatata rine rimwe basa zvakare, iro rekuti exocrine , iro riri kuburitsa ma enzymes kuburikidza ne ducts anobatsira kugaya chikafu.

Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinogona kusanganiswa ne insulin?

Kunyangwe insulin ichiderera, ichiwedzera, kana kuti isingashande zvakanaka mumuviri, zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kuitika.

Zvirwere zvechirwere cheshuga zvinoitika kana insulin isina kukwana

Kana insulin isiri kushanda zvakanaka, huwandu hweshuga muropa hunokwira, zvichikonzera chirwere cheshuga. Mamwe marudzi echirwere cheshuga anogona kukonzerwa nekukuvara kwepancreas:

• Chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga: Ichi chirwere chinokonzerwa ne autoimmune . Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, masoja edu ekudzivirira muviri anorwisa masero e beta anogadzira insulin. Nekufamba kwenguva, kugadzirwa kwe insulin mumuviri kunenge kwava kuda kupera zvachose.
• Chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwechitatu (chinozivikanwawo sechirwere cheshuga chepancreatogenic): Izvi zvinoitika kana pancreatitis yakuvara uye isingachagadziri insulin. Chirwere ichi chinogona kukonzerwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akadai sechirwere chepancreatitis chisingaperi uye cystic fibrosis . Chinogonawo kuitika mushure mekunge pancreatitis yabviswa nekuvhiyiwa (pancreatectomy).
• Chirwere cheshuga cheLatent autoimmune muvanhu vakuru (LADA): Izvi zvinokonzerwawo ne autoimmune reaction, senge chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga. Zvisinei, chinokura zvishoma nezvishoma. LADA inowanzoonekwa muvanhu vane makore anopfuura makumi matatu.

Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nekusagona insulin

Ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru chechirwere cheshuga. Kusakwanisa kwe insulin mumuviri kunoitika kana tsandanyama dzedu, mafuta, uye masero echiropa asingapindure zvakanaka ku insulin. Zvakafanana nekiyi iri mukiyi yemusuwo isingashande. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakaita se:

• Prediabetes: Ichi chirwere apo huwandu hweshuga muropa hwakakwira kupfuura zvakajairwa, asi husina kukwira zvakakwana zvekuti hunonzi chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwechipiri. Kusakwanisa insulin ndicho chikonzero chikuru.
• Chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwechipiri: Chirwere ichi chinoitika kana insulin ikaramba kushanda zvakanyanya kusvika padanho risingakwanise kuidzora, zvichiita kuti huwandu hweshuga muropa hukwire.
• Chirwere cheshuga chepamuviri:Ichi chirwere chinogona kuitika panguva yekuzvitakura. Vaongorori vanotenda kuti mahormone anoburitswa neplacenta anokonzera kusawirirana ne insulin. Kana pancreas ikasakwanisa kukunda kusawirirana uku, chirwere cheshuga chepamuviri chinokura. Zvisinei, izvi zvinowanzovandudzika mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana.

Pamusoro pezvo, kune rudzi rwechirwere cheshuga chinonzi Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) . Ichi chinonziwo monogenic diabetes . Chinokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemajini kunopfuudzwa nezvizvarwa uye kunokanganisa maitiro emuviri ekugadzira nekushandisa insulin.

Chirwere chinokonzerwa ne insulin yakawandisa

Bundu risingawanzoitiki rinonzi insulinoma rinogona kukonzera kuti pancreas ibudise insulin yakawandisa. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera shuga shoma muropa nguva nenguva, dzimwe nguva yakanyanya kuoma. Kazhinji, insulinoma idzi dzinogona kurapwa nekuvhiyiwa.

Ndeapi marudzi e insulin aripo echirwere cheshuga?

Kune mhando dzakawanda dze insulin dziripo kurapa chirwere cheshuga. Mazhinji anouya ari muchimiro chejekiseni - kungave kuburikidza netsono, peni kana pombi. Kunewo ma insulin anofemerwa. Kana uine chirwere cheshuga, chiremba wako ndiye achasarudza rudzi nechiyero chakakunakira. Chipimo chinogona kugadziriswa sezvinodiwa.

Mhando dzeinsulin dzinosiyana zvichienderana nekuti dzinokurumidza kushanda sei uye kuti dzinogara kwenguva yakareba sei mumuviri .

• Insulin inoshanda nekukurumidza: Rudzi urwu rwe insulin runotanga kushanda mukati memaminitsi mashanu kusvika makumi maviri uye runogara kwemaawa angangoita matatu kusvika mashanu. Inoshanda zvakanaka awa imwe kusvika maviri mushure mekubayiwa. Insulin glulisine ndeimwe yemhando idzi. Insulin inofemewa inowirawo muchikamu ichi. Idzi dzinowanzo torwa usati wadya.
• Insulin yenguva dzose kana insulin inoshanda kwenguva pfupi: Izvi zvinosanganisira Novolin R® naHumulin R® . Zvinotanga kushanda mukati memaminitsi makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana nemashanu mushure mekubayiwa uye zvinogara kwemaawa angangoita mashanu kusvika masere. Zvinosvika pakupera kwemaawa maviri kusvika mana mushure mekubayiwa.
• Insulin inoshanda pakati nepakati: Rudzi urwu rweinsulin runotora maawa maviri kuti rutange kushanda. Runoshanda zvakanaka pakati pemaawa mana negumi nemaviri mushure mekubayiwa jekiseni. Runogara kwemaawa angangoita 14-24. Isophane insulin (NPH) ndeimwe yemhando idzi.
• Insulin inogara kwenguva refu: Rudzi urwu rwe insulin runotora awa imwe chete kuti rusvike muropa uye rutange kushanda. Runoshanda zvakanaka pakati pemaawa matatu negumi nemana mushure mekubaiwa jekiseni. Runogara rinenge zuva rimwe chete. Insulin glargine muenzaniso werudzi urwu.
• Insulin inoshanda kwenguva refu: Rudzi urwu rweinsulin runotora maawa matanhatu kuti rusvike muropa uye runoramba rwuchishanda pamwero wakafanana kwemaawa akati wandei (zvichireva kuti harusviki panguva imwe chete). Runogara kwemazuva maviri. Insulin degludec ndeimwe yemhando idzi.

Zvakakosha: Gara uchitevera mirairo yachiremba wako yerudzi, chiyero, uye nzira yekushandiswa kweinsulini yako. Usambofa wakachinja chiyero chako cheinsulini usina kubvunza chiremba.

Pane migumisiro yakaipa here yekurapwa ne insulin?

Dambudziko rinowanzoitika kana munhu achitora insulin nderekuti shuga shoma muropa (hypoglycemia) inokonzerwa nekutora insulin yakawandisa.

Kunze kweizvozvo, kune mimwe migumisiro isingawanzoitiki:

• Maitiro eganda panzvimbo dzinobayiwa insulin: Kana insulin ikapinzwa kakawanda munzvimbo imwe chete, mafuta anogona kuungana pasi peganda, zvichiita mapundu. Kana kuti, mafuta anogona kuputsika oita madiki paganda. Izvi zvinonzi localized lipodystrophy . Izvi zvinogona kuderedza kunyudzwa kwe insulin. Ndosaka zvichikosha kutenderera nzvimbo dzinobayiwa insulin nguva nenguva.
• Kurwara ne insulin: Vamwe vanhu vanogona kuva ne allergy kune mamwe marudzi e insulin. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kurwadziwa, kupisa, uye kuchinja ruvara rweganda, kuvaviwa, uye kuzvimba panzvimbo yejekiseni kwemaawa mashoma.
• Ma antibodies e insulin: Kashoma, nekuti insulin inopihwa kunze yakasiyana zvishoma ne insulin yechisikigo inogadzirwa mumuviri, muviri wedu unogona kugadzira ma antibodies anoirwisa. Ma antibodies aya anogona kudzivirira insulin inopihwa kunze kushanda zvakanaka. Muchiitiko ichi, ungangoda kutora madhigirii akawanda e insulin.

Ndedzipi nzvimbo dzakanakisa dzekuisa insulin?

Unogona kubaya insulin munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana mumuviri wako. Kazhinji, nzvimbo dzakanakisa dzekubaya insulin inzvimbo dzine mafuta (mafuta). Idzi ndedzi:

• Dumbu rako - asi riri kure neguvhu rako neanenge masendimita mashanu.
• Kumberi kana kuti kumativi ezvidya zvako.
• Kumashure kwemaoko ako ekumusoro.
• Pamusoro pemagaro ako.

Sezvambotaurwa, unofanira kuchinja nzvimbo dzaunobaya insulin kudzivirira matambudziko eganda. Kana ukabaya imwe nzvimbo nhasi, ibaya pane imwe nzvimbo mangwana acho. Unogona kubvunza nyanzvi yezvekurapa chirwere cheshuga kana chiremba kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezveizvi.

Pane chinhu chakadai semazinga e insulin akajairwa here?

Kutaura zvazviri, hapana "zvakajairika" zvemazinga e insulin. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti munhu wese akasiyana, uye zvaunoda zve insulin zvinogona kusiyana zvikuru kubva paawa imwe kuenda paawa mukati mezuva. Pane zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinogona kukanganisa mazinga e insulin yako:

• Rudzi uye huwandu hwechikafu chaunodya (kunyanya chikafu chine makabhohaidhiretsi).
• Unodya riini uye kuti unodya kangani .
• Danho rekuita kwako uye rudzi rwekurovedza muviri kwaunoita (semuenzaniso, cardio kana kusimudza zvinorema).
• Ungave uchirwara kana kuti uri pasi pekushushikana .
• Wakamuka here kana kuti wakarara?
• Mamwe marudzi emahormone.
• Mimwe mishonga, yakaita se corticosteroids .

Uyewo, hapana bvunzo yakajairika inongotarisa huwandu hwe insulin yako chete. Kazhinji, huwandu hweshuga muropa hunoongororwa.

Vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwechipiri vachiri kuda insulin here?

Havasi vanhu vese vane chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwechipiri, asi vamwe vanhu vanoda insulin kuti vararame nechirwere ichi zvakanaka.

Kune mimwe mishonga yakawanda yechirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwechipiri. Semuenzaniso, mapiritsi emumuromo uye majekiseni eGLP-1 agonist . Mishonga iyi inoshanda kurwisa insulin resistance nenzira dzakasiyana. Zvisinei, kana insulin resistance yakanyanya, mishonga iyi yoga ingasakwana kuchengetedza huwandu hweshuga muropa hune hutano. Ndipo panodiwa insulin.

Munhu ane chirwere cheshuga anogona kugara kwenguva yakareba sei asina insulin?

Munhu ane chirwere cheshuga chinokonzerwa ne insulin anoda insulin yekubuda mumuviri wake kuti ararame. Kana asina insulin iyi, dambudziko rinouraya rinonzi Diabetes-related Ketoacidosis (DKA) rinogona kuitika.

DKA idambudziko rinongoerekana raitika uye rakaoma. Rinogona kuitika mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana. Rinogona kukura nekukurumidza kana uchirutsa. Zvakakosha kufonera chiremba kana kuenda kuchipatara kana wangoona zviratidzo zveDKA. Kana rikasarapwa, DKA inogona kuuraya.

Zvinhu zvakakosha zvekurangarira kubva pane zvatataura nezvazvo (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Saka, pamwe wava kunzwisisa kuti insulin ihormone inokosha inobatsira miviri yedu kuti irambe iine hutano uye ichishanda zvakanaka.

• Insulin ihormone yechisikigo inogadzirwa nepancreas yedu. Inobatsira kutakura shuga (glucose) kubva muropa kuenda kumasero uye kugadzira simba.
• Kana muviri wako usingakwanise kugadzira insulin yakakwana kana kuishandisa nemazvo, chiremba wako anogona kukupa insulin yekunze semushonga wechirwere cheshuga.
• Kana wakanyorerwa insulin, ishandise sezvawaudzwa nachiremba wako.Tevedzerai mushonga, nguva, uye nzvimbo yekubaiwa jekiseni nemazvo.
• Kana ukaona zviratidzo zvehypoglycemia (semuenzaniso, kudikitira, kudedera, kupera simba, kurova kwemoyo nekukurumidza), inwa shuga nekukasika.
• Kana uine zviratidzo zvechirwere cheshuga chinonzi ketoacidosis (DKA) (semuenzaniso, nyota yakawandisa, kuita weti kakawanda, kuda kurutsa, kurutsa, kurwadziwa mudumbu, kunetseka kufema, kunhuwa kwekufema kunobva kumuchero) , tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika.

Zvakakosha zvikuru kuchengetedza hutano hwako. Kana uine mibvunzo nezve insulin kana chirwere cheshuga, usazeza kutaura nachiremba wako.

Insulin , chirwere cheshuga, shuga yeropa, pancreas, mahormone, kurapwa kwechirwere cheshuga, mhando dzeinsulin