Une hanyawo neTB here? Ngatikurukurei nezveTB Test!

Chifuva, kana kuti TB sezvatinozviziva tose, chirwere chakanzwa nezvacho nevanhu vazhinji, uye chinotyisa zvishoma. Saka, bvunzo iyi yeTB bvunzo inoitwa kuti uone kana uine chirwere ichi kana kwete. Kutaura chokwadi, inoongorora kana mabhakitiriya anokonzera chirwere ichi, kureva germ `(Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex)`, apinda mumuviri wako. Ngatitaurei nezvazvo zvakadzama, zvakanaka here?

Ndedzipi mhando dzekuongororwa kweTB dziripo?

Zvino tarisa, kune mhando mbiri huru dzekuongororwa kweTB. Pamwe wakambonzwawo nezvazvo.

1. Kuongororwa kweganda: Izvi zvinonziwo "Mantoux test" kana "tuberculin skin test (TST)". Iyi ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa, kunyanya kuvana vari pasi pemakore mashanu.

2. Kuongororwa kweRopa: Izvi zvinonzi ``Interferon-Gamma Release Assay - IGRA''. Kuongororwa kweropa uku kuri kushandiswa zvakanyanya, kunyanya kune vashandi vehutano, vanhu vane masoja ekudzivirira muviri asina simba (kureva avo vane miviri isina simba rekurwisa zvirwere), kana avo vane masoja ekudzivirira muviri asina simba nemimwe mishonga.

Asi pane chimwe chinhu chakakosha chaunofanira kurangarira pano. Chero chipi zvacho chezviedzo izvi zviviri chinongokuudza chete kana wakambova nehutachiona hweTB mumuviri wako. Kureva kuti, bvunzo idzi hadzigone kuziva zvakananga kana utachiona hwacho huri mumuviri wako kana kuti huri kushanda (hunoshanda) uye huri kukonzera chirwere. Kuti uzive zvechokwadi kana uine TB inoshanda, uchafanirwa kuita mimwe miedzo yakaita se X-ray yechipfuva uye bvunzo ye sputum.

Ndiani anofanira kuongororwa chirwere cheTB?

Zvino ungave uchifunga kuti, "Ndinofanirawo kuita izvi here?" Vanachiremba vanowanzokurudzira kuongororwa kweTB mumamiriro ezvinhu anotevera:

• Kana uine zviratidzo zvechirwere cheTB chisingaperi (semuenzaniso kukosora kunoramba kuripo, kurwadziwa pachipfuva, fivha inouya manheru, kudzikira kwehuremu, kuneta).
• Kana uri panjodzi huru yekubatwa neTB , izvi zvinoreva kuti:
• Kana uri mushandi wehutano (munhu anogara achitaurirana nevarwere, vakaita sachiremba kana mukoti).
• Kana uchigara kana kushanda munzvimbo ine TB yakawanda, senge dzimba dzekurara, dzimba dzevakwegura, kana majeri.
• Kana wave pedyo nemurwere ane TB .
• Kana muviri wako usina simba rekudzivirira chirwere, kungave nekuda kwechimwe chirwere kana mishonga yauri kutora.
• Kana uchangobva kuenda kunyika ine TB yakawanda (semuenzaniso, dzimwe nyika muAsia, dzimwe nyika muAfrica), unofanira kuudza chiremba wako kana wakamboenda kunyika yakadaro.
• Dzimwe nguva, paunotanga basa idzva (kunyanya munzvimbo dzakadai senzvimbo dzinochengeterwa vana nezvipatara), unofanirwa kuongororwa TB.

Ndinofanira kuongororwa TB kangani?

Izvi zvakasiyana pamunhu wega wega. Zvinoenderana nekuti une njodzi yakakura sei yekubata chirwere cheTB.

• Kana uri panjodzi huru (sezvataurwa pamusoro apa), chiremba wako angangokukurudzira kuti uite bvunzo iyi kanenge kamwe chete pagore.
• Kana njodzi yako iri shoma , ungangoda kuita izvi kamwe chete mumakore mashoma ega ega.

Zvisinei, zano rakanakisisa panyaya iyi rinobva kuna chiremba wemhuri yako, saka zvakanaka kumubvunza .

Kuongororwa kweTB uku kunoshanda sei? Zviri nyore kwazvo!

Kuongororwa kweganda uku, kana kuti kuongororwa kweropa, kunongotarisa kuti masoja emuviri wako anopindura sei kune zvimwe zvikamu (tinoti izvi "antigens" - "antigens" chero chinhu chisingazivikanwe nemuviri wedu uye nekudaro chinoedza kurwisa) kubva kubhakitiriya rinokonzera chirwere cherurindi ('Mycobacterium tuberculosis'). Zvakafanana nekudzivirira kwemuviri wedu kunoridza alarm kana muvengi asvika.

Kushanda Kwakaita Kuedzwa Kweganda reTB

Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika:

Chiremba kana mukoti akadzidziswa achabaya mushonga mushoma kwazvo weprotein (unonzi PPD - purified protein derivative) wakagadzirwa kubva kubhakitiriya rinonzi Mycobacterium tuberculosis, pasi peganda riri kumberi kweruoko rwako.

Hapana chekutya pano! Iyi `(PPD)` haisi bhakitiriya mhenyu. Saka, haizokonzere kuti ubatwe neTB.

Saka, kana wakambosangana nehutachiona hweTB kare, ganda rako richasangana ne "(PPD)" iyi. Mukati memazuva maviri kusvika matatu, nzvimbo yakabayiwa mushonga inotsvuka, yakaoma zvishoma, uye bundu diki richaonekwa.

Kushanda Kwakaita Kuongororwa Kweropa reTB

Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika:

Ropa rinotorwa kubva kwauri roendeswa kurabhoritari. Murabhoritari, mamwe masero machena eropa ari muropa rako (aya ndiwo anorwisa zvirwere mumiviri yedu) anosanganiswa ne `(antigens)` yataurwa pamusoro apa kubva kubhakitiriya `Mycobacterium tuberculosis`.

Kana wakambobatwa neTB kare, masero machena eropa rako anoburitsa puroteni inonzi interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).

Vashandi verabhoritari vanoyera maitiro aya vachishandisa nzira yakakosha inonzi ``immunoassay.'' Mhedzisiro yacho inobva yanzi ``hayina'' (zvichireva kuti hapana hutachiona), ``yakanaka'' (zvichireva kuti pangave nehutachiona), kana ``isina hutachiona'' (zvichireva kuti mhedzisiro yacho haina kujeka uye haina chokwadi).

Chii chekutarisira panguva yebvunzo?

Maitirwo emiedzo iyi miviri akasiyana zvishoma. Ngationei kuti zvichafamba sei.

Maitiro ekuita bvunzo yeganda reTB

Uchafanirwa kuona chiremba kana nesi kaviri, pamwe katatu, kuti uedze ganda rako.

Kushanya Kwekutanga:

• Chiremba kana nesi achachenesa ganda zvakanaka pamberi peruoko rwako (pasi pegokora, mukati).
• Zvadaro, mvura inonzi ``(tuberculin)`` kana ``(PPD)`` inopinzwa pasi peganda netsono diki kwazvo.
• Dzimwe nguva chiremba anodhirowa denderedzwa nepeni pakagadzirwa jekiseni. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuwana nzvimbo yacho kana ukaitarisa mumazuva mashoma.
• Pakaiswa mushonga wacho pachaonekwa tumapundu tudiki. Tunozopera twoga mumaawa mashoma anotevera. Hapana chekunetseka nacho.

Wobva waudzwa kuti udzoke mukati memaawa makumi mana nemasere kusvika makumi manomwe nemaviri (ndiko kuti, mumazuva maviri kusvika matatu). Izvi zvinoitirwa kuti uone kuti ganda rakaita sei parakabayiwa mushonga. Kana paine kuzvimba, kutsvuka, kana kurwadza, zvinogona kuratidza hutachiona hweTB.

Zvakakosha zvikuru kuenda nenguva kechipiri! Nekuti kana ukasaenda mukati memaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri chaiwo, ungangofanira kunyora bvunzo yese zvakare. Saka yeuka kuenda nenguva.

Chimwe chinhu ndechekuti kune vanhu vane masoja emuviri asina simba, kana avo vane mamwe matambudziko eganda, pane mukana mudiki wekuti mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kweganda iyi ingave isiri yechokwadi kana yekuvimbika.

Maitiro ekuongorora ropa reTB

Iyi ndiyo nzira yakajairika yekupa ropa.

• Paunenge wakagara pachigaro, chiremba wephlebotomist (anonziwo phlebotomist) achatsvaga tsinga iri muruoko rwako iri nyore kubvisa ropa. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa pamusoro pegokora, mukati meruoko rwako.
• Kana tsinga yawanikwa, nzvimbo yacho inocheneswa zvakanaka.
• Zvadaro, tsono diki inopinzwa mutsinga uye ropa shoma rinotorwa. Panguva iyi, unonzwa kuruma kudiki, sekunge warumwa nesvosve.
• Mushure mekupinza tsono, ropa diki rinounganidzwa muchubhu yekuyedza.
• Mushure mekunge ropa rinodiwa pakuongororwa ratorwa, tsono inobviswa, nzvimbo yacho inodzvanywa nedonje kana gauze kwenguva yakati, uye plaster inoiswa. Ndizvozvo chete!
• Zvese izvi zvinowanzotora nguva isingasviki maminetsi mashanu.

Kana ropa ratorwa, rinotumirwa kurabhoritari kuti riongororwe. Kana zvabuda, chiremba wako achakutsanangurira.

Kuongororwa kweTB kunorwadza here?

Ichi chinhu chinotyiwa nevanhu vazhinji.

• Panguva yekuongororwa kweganda neropa, unganzwa kuruma kudiki (sekunge kuruma kwesvosve) kana tsono yarova ganda. Asi zvinongogara kwemasekonzi mashoma chete.
• Panguva yekuyedzwa kweganda, hapana kutsva kana kumwe kusagadzikana kunokonzerwa nemvura inopinzwa pasi peganda.

Pane migumisiro yakaipa here inobva mukuongororwa kweTB uku?

Uyu mubvunzo unobvunzwa nevanhu vazhinji. Nerombo rakanaka, migumisiro yakaipa inobva mukuongororwa kweTB iyi haiwanzoitiki.

• Kuongororwa kweganda: Pamusoro pekunzwa kurwadza zvishoma kana tsono yaiswa, vamwe vanhu vanogona kuona kusviba kweruvara, kuzvimba kudiki, uye kurwadza kudiki panzvimbo yekubaiwa jekiseni. Izvi zvinowanzopera mukati memazuva mashoma.
• Kuongororwa ropa:Nzvimbo yakatorwa ropa inogona kunge inorwadza zvishoma uye inogona kutoita bhuruu zvishoma. Izvi zvinodzokera pazvakajairika muzuva rimwe chete kana maviri.

Ndeipi mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kweTB?

Zvakanaka, ngationei kuti mhedzisiro yebvunzo idzi ndeipi uye kuti dzinoti chii.

Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kuva `negative` (zvichireva "kwete") kana `positive` (zvichireva "hongu").

Chinhu chakakosha kurangarira ndechekuti: Kuongororwa uku kunongoratidza chete kana wakambobatwa nehutachiona hweTB, zvichireva kuti hwakapinda mumuviri wako. Hahugoni kuziva kana chirwere chiripo kana kuti chirwere chakavanda.

Chimwezve ndechekuti, kana wakambopihwa mushonga weBCG (mushonga unodzivirira chirwere cherurindi) uri mudiki, dzimwe nguva mhinduro yeganda inogona kunge iri yenhema. Izvi zvinonzi mhedzisiro yenhema. Saka kana wakambopihwa mushonga weBCG, udza chiremba wako .

Ko kana bvunzo yeTB ikaonekwa kuti ine TB?

Kana mhinduro yako yekuongororwa kweTB ikabuda iri `yakanaka`, zvinoreva kuti ungangove wakabatwa nehutachiona hunokonzera chirwere cheTB .

Panguva ino, chiremba wako acharaira mimwe miedzo kuti aone kana une TB inouraya kana kuti yakaremara. Mimwe miedzo iyi inogona kusanganisira X-ray yechipfuva uye sampuro yemapute. Mapute ari pano haasi mapute akajairika anobva pahuro, asi mapute akakora anobva mumapapu.

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, ingave uine TB isina kuoneka kana kuti TB inoshanda, unofanira kurapwa.

Ko kana bvunzo yeTB ikaonekwa isina chirwere?

Kana mhinduro yako yekuongororwa kweTB iri `negative`, zvinoreva kuti pamwe hauna kumbobvira wabatwa nehutachiona hweTB . Pakuongororwa kweganda, `negative` zvinoreva kuti pakanga pasina ganda rakaita serakatsvuka, rakazvimba) pakabayiwa mushonga.

Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva kunyangwe mhedzisiro yacho iri 'isina kunaka', kana uine zviratidzo zveTB (senge kukosora, fivha), chiremba wako anogona kuferefeta zvimwe.

Ndichaziva riini mushumo wekuongororwa kweTB?

• Kuongororwa kweganda kunotora maawa ari pakati pe48 ne72 kuti kupedzwe. Saka, paunoenda kunoona chiremba kechipiri, chiremba achakwanisa kukuudza ipapo ipapo nekutarisa maitiro ari paganda rako kana uine TB kana kuti kwete.
• Mushumo wekuongororwa ropa unowanzo kuwanikwa mukati mezuva rimwe kusvika maviri. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva zvinogona kutora nguva yakati rebei zvichienderana nebasa remurabhoritari.

Kuongororwa kweTB kunoratidza kuti une TB kwakafanana sei (pakuongororwa kweganda)?

Mhedzisiro yekuti "yakanaka" pabvunzo yeganda zvinoreva kuti nzvimbo yakabayiwa mushonga yakaoma, kunge bundu dzvuku . Chiremba anoyera kureba kwebundu nemamilimita.

Pano, chiremba achafunga nezvezvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukonzera njodzi (semuenzaniso, kungave uri mushandi wehutano kana kuti une masoja emuviri asina simba) kuti aone mhedzisiro. Kazhinji, bvunzo inoonekwa se "yakanaka" kana iri mukati mezvikamu izvi:

• 5 millimeters (`mm`) kana kupfuura uye une masoja emuviri asina simba (semuenzaniso, munhu ane HIV, mumwe munhu akamboisirwa nhengo yemuviri, mumwe munhu anotora mimwe mishonga).
• 10 millimeters (`mm`) kana pasi uye uri mushandi wehutano, kana mumwe munhu achangobva kudzoka kubva kunyika ine TB yakawanda, mumwe munhu anogamuchira mishonga yekubaiwa jekiseni, kana mwana ari pasi pemakore mana ekuberekwa.
• Mamirimita gumi nemashanu (`mm`) kana pasi uye hauna zvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera kuti utange chirwere cheTB.

Kunyangwe ukaona kuzvimba nekutsvuka paruoko rwako mushure memaawa 48-72 wobva wafunga wega kuti, "Oh, izvi zvinofanira kunge zvakanaka/zvakaipa," zvichiri kukosha kuenda kuna chiremba wozviratidza. Chiremba ndiye achazvitarisa chaizvo, ozviyera, osarudza kuti mhinduro yacho ndeyei, uye onyora pasi.

Ndirini pandinofanira kutaura nachiremba wangu nezvechirwere cherurindi?

Unofanira kungwarira zvishoma nezvezvinhu izvi:

• Kana uine zviratidzo zveTB (semuenzaniso, kukosora kunotora mavhiki anopfuura maviri, dzimwe nguva ropa riri mumatumbu, kurwadziwa pachipfuva, kunetseka kufema, fivha inouya manheru, kudikitira husiku, kudzikira uremu, kurasikirwa nechido chekudya, kuneta kwakanyanya ),
• Kana uchifunga kuti wave pedyo nemurwere ane TB ,

Zvakakosha zvikuru kuona chiremba uye kutsvaga mazano nekukurumidza, pasina kunonoka.

Chifuva chirwere chinogona kuuraya kana chikarapwa nemazvo. Asi, chinhu chakanakisa ndechekuti, kana ukatora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya sezvakarairwa, kwenguva yakakodzera, zvirwere zvakawanda zvechifuva zvinogona kurapwa zvachose.

Ungave uine TB inoshanda kana kuti TB isina kuoneka, zvose zvinoda kurapwa. Zvisinei, mhando dzemishonga inopihwa uye nguva yemishonga inopihwa zvakasiyana muzviitiko zviviri izvi.

Mharidzo Yekupedzisira Yekuenda Kumba

Zvakanaka, kubva pane zvatataura nezvazvo, izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvakakosha zvekurangarira:

• Kuongororwa kweTB kwakakosha zvikuru pahutano hweveruzhinji munyika medu nepasi rose, sezvo zvichibatsira kuona chirwere ichi nekukurumidza uye kudzora kupararira kwacho.
• Chirwere cheTB chinogona kuuraya uye chinogona kupararira zviri nyore kubva kumunhu kuenda kune mumwe munhu nemhepo. Saka, kana uine zviratidzo, kana uri muboka revanhu vane njodzi huru, kuchenjera kuti unoongororwa.
• Kana zvabuda muongororo, chiremba wako achakuudza zvekuita uye kana zvichidikanwa mimwe miedzo.
• Usatya chero chinhu. Bvunza chiremba chero mibvunzo kana kusava nechokwadi kwaunako. Vanachiremba nevanamukoti varipo kuti vakubatsire. Vachakutsanangurira zvese.

Zvakakosha kuti ugare uine hutano hwakanaka!

Chifuva , bvunzo yeTB, bvunzo yeTB, bvunzo yeMantoux, TST, IGRA, zviratidzo zveTB, kurapwa kweTB, PPD, Interferon-Gamma Release Assay