Wakambozvibvunza here nezvenhengo diki, yakaita seshavishavi iri pasi peganda pasi pemutsipa wako? Ndiyo thyroid gland yako. Inhengo inoshamisa uye inokosha yemuviri wako. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, nhengo diki iyi inoshanda semutongi mukuru wemabasa mazhinji akakosha emuviri wako.
Chii chinonzi thyroid gland, uye chii chinonzi endocrine system?
Ngatitangei nekunzwisisa kuti thyroid chii. Sezvandambotaura, igland diki, rakaita seshavishavi riri pamberi pemutsipa wako, pasi pepombi yemhepo. Ndiyo chinhu chakakosha muhurongwa hwako hwe endocrine .
Ungave uchishamisika kuti, “Chii chaizvo chinonzi endocrine system, Doctor?” Funga nezvazvo senzvimbo yemafekitori madiki, akasarudzika mumuviri wako wese. Mafekitori aya anogadzira makemikari akakosha anonzi mahormone . Matumbu aya anoburitsa mahormone zvakananga muropa rako, kwaanofamba mumuviri wako wese achiendesa mameseji kunhengo dzako, ganda, uye tsandanyama. Anoita senhume, achiudza muviri wako zvekuita chaizvo uye nguva yekuzviita.
Mamwe magland ari mu endocrine system yako anosanganisira:
- Hypothalamus
- Gland repituitary
- Matumbu eParathyroid
- Matumbu eAdrenal
- Gland repaini
- Pancreas
- Mazai (muvakadzi)
- Matende (muvarume)
Basa guru rethyroid yako nderekudzora mwero wemetabolism yako. "Metabolism" ingori nzira yekushandura chikafu chaunodya kuita simba. Sero rega rega mumuviri wako rinoda simba kuti rishande, uye thyroid yako inodzora kuti muviri wako unogadzira uye unoshandisa simba iroro nekukurumidza sei.
Ziva kuti kana gland rako re thyroid risingashande zvakanaka, rinogona kukanganisa muviri wako wese. Ndosaka kugara uchiziva nezveutano hwe thyroid yako kuchikosha zvikuru.
Basa regland rangu re thyroid nderei?
Sechikamu che endocrine gland, thyroid inoburitsa nekuburitsa mahormone akati wandei:
- Thyroxine (T4) ( Thyroxine ): Iyi ndiyo hormone huru inogadzirwa nethyroid. Kunyange zvazvo isina simba guru pakuchinja kwemuviri, kana T4 yapinda muropa, inoshandurwa kuita T3 kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi deiodination.
- Triiodothyronine (T3): Gymnastics inogadzira T3 shoma pane T4, asi T3 ndiyo hormone ine simba zvikuru inokanganisa metabolic rate yako.
- Reverse triiodothyronine (RT3): Izvi zvinogadzirwa muhuwandu hushoma. RT3 inoshanda kuderedza mhedzisiro yeT3.
- Calcitonin: Hormone iyi inobatsira kudzora huwandu hwecalcium muropa rako.
Kuti ugadzire mahormone aya, gland rako re thyroid rinoda iodine . Unowana iodine kubva mukudya kwako (kunyanya munyu une iodine) nemvura. Gland iri rinobata iodine iyi roishandura kuita mahormone e thyroid. Kana huwandu hwe iodine yako hwakaderera zvakanyanya kana kuti hwakakwira zvakanyanya, zvinogona kukanganisa kugona kwemuviri wako kugadzira mahormone aya nemazvo.
Mahormone ethyroid anokanganisa zvakawanda zvehutano hwako, zvinosanganisira:
- Mashandisiro anoita muviri wako simba ( metabolism )
- Kurova kwemoyo
- Kufema
- Kugaya dumbu
- Kupisa kwemuviri
- Kukura kwehuropi
- Basa repfungwa
- Kuchengetedza ganda nemapfupa
- Kubereka
Ndezvipi zvimwe nhengo dzemuviri netsandanyama zvinobatana nethyroid?
Sisitimu yedu ye endocrine network yakaoma zvikuru. Matumbu mazhinji anovimba nezviratidzo zvinobva kune mamwe kuti atange kushanda, uye mamwe mahormone anogona kudzvinyirira kushanda kwemamwe.
Muviri wako une hurongwa hwakasimba hwekudzora huwandu hwemahormone ethyroid. Kutanga, chikamu cheuropi hwako chinonzi hypothalamus chinoburitsa Thyroid-Releasing Hormone (TRH). Izvi zvinopa chiratidzo kune pituitary gland kuti iburitse Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH). TSH inobva yakurudzira masero e follicular ari muthyroid yako kuti agadzire T4 neT3, chero bedzi muviri wako uine iodine yakakwana.
Mahormone ethyroid anokanganisa dzinenge dzese nhengo dzemuviri wako, semuenzaniso:
- Sistimu yemwoyo: Gwara remudumbu rinobatsira kudzora kubuda kwemoyo, kurova kwemoyo, uye simba rekurwadziwa kwemoyo.
- Sisitimu yetsinga: Kana thyroid isiri kushanda zvakanaka, unogona kuona zviratidzo zvine chekuita netsinga zvakaita sekunzwa kusanzwa zvakanaka , kunzwa kurwadza , kurwadziwa, kana kunzwa kupisa. Uyezve, thyroid isingashande zvakanaka (hypothyroidism) inogona kutungamira mukuora mwoyo , nepo thyroid isingashande zvakanyanya (hyperthyroidism) inogona kukonzera kuzvidya mwoyo .
- Sisitimu yekugaya: Gwara remudumbu rinokanganisa kufamba kwemudumbu, ndiyo nzira iyo chikafu chinofamba nayo mudumbu rako.
- Masisitimu ekubereka: Matambudziko ethyroid anogona kukonzera kumwedzi kusina kurongeka kuvakadzi uye matambudziko ekushaya mbereko kuvarume nevakadzi.
Munhu anogona kurarama asina thyroid gland here?
Ehe, vanogona. Zvisinei, kana gland rikabviswa, uchafanirwa kutora mushonga wekutsiva mahormone kweupenyu hwako hwese kuti urambe uine hutano uye kudzivirira matambudziko. Kuvhiyiwa kwekubvisa thyroid, kunozivikanwa se thyroidectomy , inzira inowanzoitwa kune mamwe matambudziko e thyroid.
Gwara remudumbu riri kupi, uye zvikamu zvaro ndezvipi?
Sezvandambotaura, thyroid iri pamberi pemutsipa wako, yakatenderedza trachea yako (windpipe) . Yakaita seshavishavi—diki pakati nemapapiro maviri makuru akatambanudzwa kumativi. Thyroid ine hutano kazhinji haioneki kana kunzwika sebundu; haufanirwe kukwanisa kuinzwa kana uchibata pamberi pemutsipa wako.
Gwara remudumbu rine zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: maburi nebhiriji rinobatanidza rinonzi thyroid isthmus . Rinoumbwa nemasero efollicular emudumbu (thyrocytes) anogadzira nekuchengetedza mahormone emudumbu (T3 neT4), pamwe nemasero eC anogadzira calcitonin.
Gland re thyroid rakareba masendimita angangoita maviri . Gland re thyroid rine hutano hariwanzoonekwa kana kunzwikwa kubva kunze kwemutsipa wako. Zvisinei, mamwe matambudziko ehutano anogona kukonzera kuti thyroid ikure. Tinoti izvi igoiter . Kana uine goiter, unogona kuona zviratidzo zvinotevera:
- Kuzvimba kunoonekwa pasi pemutsipa wako, pasi peapuro raAdam's.
- Kunzwa kumanikidzwa kana kumanikidzwa pahuro pako.
- Kuchinja kwezwi rako, sekunge kurira kwezwi.
Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinokanganisa gland re thyroid?
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzezvirwere zvethyroid, uye zvakajairika. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni makumi maviri muUnited States chete vane chirwere chethyroid. Vakadzi vane mukana wekuwana chirwere chethyroid wakapetwa kashanu kusvika kasere kupfuura varume.
Zvirwere zvethyroid zvinowanzoiswa mumapoka maviri: chekutanga nechipiri .
- Muchirwere chethyroid chekutanga , chirwere ichi chinotangira mugland rethyroid pachayo.
- Muchirwere chechipiri chethyroid, dambudziko iri rinotanga mugland repituitary. Semuenzaniso, kana ukaita `nodule' pagland rako rethyroid rinoburitsa hormone yethyroid yakawandisa, ihyperthyroidism huru. Zvisinei, kana `bundu` mugland rako repituitary rikaita kuti riburitse hormone yeTSH yakawandisa, iyo inozokurudzira thyroid yako kuti ibudise mahormone akawandisa, iyi ihyperthyroidism yechipiri.
Kune zvirwere zvikuru zvina zvinokanganisa gland re thyroid:
- Hypothyroidism (thyroid isingashande zvakanaka)
- Hyperthyroidism (thyroid inoshanda zvakanyanya)
- Goiter (thyroid yakakura)
- Kenza yethyroid
Hypothyroidism - Kana thyroid yako isingashande zvakanaka
Izvi zvinoitika kana gland rako re thyroid risingagadzi mahormone e thyroid akakwana . Nekuda kweizvozvo, mamwe maitiro emuviri wako anotanga kudzikira. Ichi chirwere chinowanzoitika, uye mishonga inoshanda inowanikwa.
Zvikonzero zvakajairika zve hypothyroidism zvinosanganisira:
- Chirwere chaHashimoto: Chirwere che'autoimmune' apo masoja emuviri wako anorwisa gland rako rethyroid zvisirizvo.
- Thyroiditis: Kuzvimba kwegland re thyroid.
- Kushaikwa kweiodine.
- Matambudziko ekuzvarwa nawo (thyroid isingashande zvakanaka kubva pakuzvarwa).
- Kurapa zvakanyanya hyperthyroidism nemishonga.
- Kubviswa kwegland re thyroid nekuvhiyiwa.
Hyperthyroidism - Kana thyroid yako ichiita basa rakawandisa
Izvi zvinoitika kana gland rako re thyroid richiburitsa uye richiburitsa mahormone e thyroid akawandisa . Izvi zvinoita kuti mamwe maitiro emuviri wako awedzere kukurumidza. Dambudziko iri rinogonawo kurapwa.
Zvikonzero zvinowanzoonekwa zve hyperthyroidism zvinosanganisira:
- Chirwere cheGraves: Chirwere che `autoimmune`.
- Mapundu e thyroid.
- Kurwara kwetsinga.
- Postpartum thyroiditis: Kuzvimba kwethyroid kunoitika mushure mekusununguka.
- Kudya iodine yakawandisa kuburikidza nekudya kana mishonga.
- Kurapa hypothyroidism zvakanyanya nemishonga.
- Bundu 'risina kenza' mugland repituitary.
Goiter - chirwere chethyroid chakakura
Goiter ikukura kwegland re thyroid. Izvi zvinowanzoitika.
Zvikonzero zvinosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwegoiter:
- Magoiter ari nyore: Izvi zvinoitika kana gland re thyroid rikasagadzira mahormone akakwana, zvichiita kuti rikure mukuedza kuritsiva.
- Matumbu eEndemic: Izvi zvinoitika kuvanhu vasingawani iodine yakakwana mukudya kwavo.
- Magomarara emudumbu: Kazhinji, hapana chikonzero chakajeka, kunyange zvazvo mimwe mishonga yakaita se'lithium' dzimwe nguva inogona kuikonzera.
Kenza yethyroid
Iyi igomarara rinotanga mudumbu remudumbu. Kurapa kwegomarara remudumbu kunobudirira zvikuru. Usavhunduke; kazhinji, rinorapika.
Kenza dzegomarara rethyroid dzinopatsanurwa zvichienderana nerudzi rwesero radzinobva:
- Papillary: Inenge 80% yegomarara rethyroid ndeyerudzi urwu.
- Follicular: Inenge 15% ndeyerudzi urwu.
- Medullary: Inenge 2%, iyo inogona kusanganiswa ne 'gene mutations'.
- Anaplastic: Inenge 2%. Izvi zvine hukasha, kunyange zvisingawanzoitiki.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvekutanga zvematambudziko e thyroid?
Matambudziko akasiyana ethyroid ane zviratidzo zvakasiyana. Zvisinei, nekuti thyroid inoita basa guru mukurova kwemoyo, kugaya chikafu, uye kudzora tembiricha, unofanira kungwarira zvinotevera:
- Kurova kwemoyo kunonoka kana kukurumidza zvakanyanya.
- Kudzikira kwehuremu kana kuwedzera huremu zvisina kutsanangurwa.
- Kunzwa kutonhora kana kupisa kwakanyanya.
- Kunzwa kusuruvara kana kuzvidya mwoyo.
- Kuenda kumwedzi kusingaenderane nezvinodiwa nevakadzi.
Kana ukaona chimwe chezviratidzo izvi kana kupfuura, nzira yakanakisisa yekutora matanho ndeyekuona chiremba uye kuongororwa ropa kuti uone mashandiro ethyroid yako.
Ndezvipi zviyero zvekuongorora hutano hwe thyroid?
Muedzo wekutanga uye unonyanya kukosha wekutarisa hutano hwethyroid yako kuongororwa ropa kuti uone huwandu hweTSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) yako. Izvi zvinopa ruzivo nezve hypothyroidism uye hyperthyroidism.
Kazhinji, huwandu hwakajairika hwekuongororwa kweropa reTSH huri pakati pe `0.5` ne `5.0 mIU/L` (milli-international units pa litre). Zvisinei, izvi zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerabhoritari, zera rako, uye kana uine pamuviri, saka ndapota enzanisa zvawakawana nereferensi yakapihwa pamushumo wako.
Chiremba wako anogonawo kusarudza kutarisa huwandu hweT4 neT3 (mahormone ethyroid) muropa rako.
Kana zvabuda muongororo yako zvisina kunaka, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kuti uiongorore thyroid (uchishandisa zvinhu zvishoma zvine mwaranzi kuti ugadzire mifananidzo yethyroid) kana kuti uiongorore ne thyroid ultrasound .
Matambudziko ethyroid anorapwa sei?
Kune nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekurapa zvirwere zve thyroid, zvichienderana nemamiriro acho ezvinhu uye kuoma kwazvo. Nzira nhatu huru dzekurapa ndeidzi:
- Mishonga
- Kuvhiya
- Kurapa nemwaranzi uye chemotherapy
Mishonga
Mishonga inowanzo shandiswa yekurapa zvirwere zve thyroid inosanganisira:
- Mishonga yekudzivirira chirwere chethyroid: Mishonga iyi inoshanda nekudzivirira thyroid gland yako kuti isagadzire mahormone akawandisa. Inonyanya kunyorerwa kurapa hyperthyroidism.
- Beta-blockers: Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisingarapi chirwere chethyroid pachacho, zvinoshanda zvikuru mukurapa zviratidzo zvinonetsa zve hyperthyroidism, zvakaita sekurova kwemoyo nekukurumidza kana kusina kurongeka.
- Iyodhini inorapwa nemwaranzi: Kurapa uku kunoshanda nekukuvadza masero ethyroid, zvichizopedzisira zvaita kuti gland riparare. Inowanzoshandiswa kune hyperthyroidism uye mamwe marudzi ekenza yethyroid.
- Mishonga yemahormone ethyroid: Iyi ine mahormone ethyroid anoshandiswa kurapa hypothyroidism. Kana wakabviswa thyroid kana kuti gland rako risingashande zvakanaka nekuda kwekurapwa ne radioactive iodine, ungangoda kunwa mishonga iyi kweupenyu hwako hwese.
Kuvhiya
Kuvhiyiwa kunonyanya kuitwa pakurapa chirwere chethyroid kuvhiyiwa kwe thyroidectomy , uko kunosanganisira kubviswa zvachose kwe thyroid gland yako. Ndiyo nzira huru yekurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zve thyroid uye kazhinji ndiyo nzira huru yekurapa kenza ye thyroid.
Imwe nzira yekuvhiya ndeye lobectomy , uko chikamu chakati chegland re thyroid chinongobviswa.
Kurapa nemwaranzi uye Chemotherapy
Idzi inzira dzekurapa kenza yethyroid. Nzira dzese dziri mbiri dzinoshanda nekuparadza masero ekenza uye kudzivirira kukura kwawo. Zvisinei, ndapota cherechedza kuti zviitiko zvakawanda zvekenza yethyroid hazvidi radiation kana chemotherapy.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi yekuva nechirwere chethyroid?
Zvirwere zve thyroid zvinowanzoonekwa uye zvinogona kubata chero munhu pazera ripi zvaro. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yako:
- Kuva nenhoroondo yemhuri yezvirwere zve thyroid (genetic predisposition).
- Kurarama nechirwere che autoimmune, chakadai sechirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga, rheumatoid arthritis, kana lupus.
- Kushandisa mishonga ine iodine yakawanda nguva dzose.
- Kuva nemakore anopfuura makumi matanhatu, kunyanya kana uri mukadzi.
Ndingachengetedza sei thyroid yangu iine hutano?
Nzira huru yekuchengetedza thyroid ine hutano ndeyekuva nechokwadi chekuti uri kuwana iodine yakakwana mukudya kwako.Gwara rako rethyroid rinoda iodine kuti rigadzire mahormone zvinobudirira. Nerombo rakanaka, vanhu vazhinji vanowana iodine yakakwana kuburikidza nemunyu une iodine uye chikafu chakasimbiswa.
Zvimwe zvekudya zvine iodine zvinosanganisira:
- Chizi
- Mukaka wemombe
- Mazai
- Yogati
- Hove dzemumvura ine munyu
- Hove dzemashellfish (semuenzaniso, magakanje, shrimp)
- Sora regungwa
- Mukaka wesoya
- Soya muto
Zvisinei, kunwa iodine yakawandisa kunogonawo kukuvadza uye kukonzera matambudziko ehutano. Kana uine zvinokunetsa kana mibvunzo ine chekuita nehutano hwe thyroid yako, ndapota usazeza kukurukura nezvazvo nachiremba wako kuNirogi Lanka.
Ndirini pandinofanira kutaura nachiremba nezve thyroid yangu?
Kana ukaona zviratidzo zvakaita sekuchinja kwehuremu kusingatsananguriki, kurova kwemoyo, kana kunzwa kupisa kana kutonhora zvakanyanya , ndapota bvunza chiremba wako. Kuongororwa ropa chete ndiko kunowanzo dikanwa kuti uone kana dambudziko rethyroid riri iro rinokonzeresa zviratidzo zvako.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
Gland rako rethyroid igland rinokosha mukati mehurongwa hwako hwe endocrine rinotonga mabasa akawanda akakosha mumuviri. Kunyange hazvo matambudziko egland ari mazhinji, anowanzo gadziriswa uye anogona kurapwa.
Kana uine zviratidzo kana kuti uchinetseka nezvezvinhu zvinogona kukonzera njodzi, usazeza kutaura nachiremba wako. Varipo kuti vakupe rutsigiro nerubatsiro rwaunoda. Kuisa hutano hwako pakutanga ndiyo danho rakakosha raunogona kutora!
Gland reThroid, Gland reThroid, Mahormone, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Goiter, Kenza yeThroid
