Unoziva nezveshavishavi diki riri pamutsipa wako here? Ngatitaurei nezve thyroid gland!

Wakambozvibvunza here nezvenhengo diki, yakaita seshavishavi iri pasi peganda riri pamberi pemutsipa wako? Ndiyo thyroid gland. Inhengo inoshamisa, asi inokosha yemuviri wedu. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kamukomana aka kanodzora mabasa mazhinji akakosha mumuviri wedu.

Chii chinonzi thyroid gland? Uye chii chinonzi endocrine system?

Zvakanaka, ngatitangei tanzwisisa kuti thyroid gland iyi chii. Ndakambotaura kare, igland diki rakaita seshavishavi . Kutaura chokwadi, iri pamberi pemutsipa wako, pasi pemugero wako wemhepo. Ichi chikamu chesystem yedu ye endocrine . Iye zvino uri kubvunza kuti, "Chii chinonzi endocrine system, chiremba?" Fungidzira, tine mafekitori madiki akawanda mumiviri yedu. Mafekitori aya anogadzira makemikari akakosha anonzi mahormone . Network yemafekitori iwayo ndiyo yatinodaidza kuti endocrine system. Mahormone anogadzirwa nemaglands aya anopinda zvakananga muropa, anofamba mumuviri wese, uye anotakura mameseji kunhengo dzakasiyana-siyana, ganda, uye tsandanyama. Akaita senhume mumiviri yedu. Anoudza miviri yedu zvekuita uye nguva yekuzviita. Heano mamwe maglands ari chikamu chesystem yedu ye endocrine:

• Hypothalamus
• Gland repituitary
• Matumbu eParathyroid
• Matumbu eAdrenal
• Gland repaini
• Pancreas
• Mazai (muvakadzi)
• Mazamu (echirume)

Basa guru regland re thyroid nderekudzora mwero we metabolic rate yedu. "Metabolism" zvinongoreva nzira iyo chikafu chatinodya chinoshandurwa kuita simba. Sero rega rega mumuviri wedu rinoda simba kuti rishande. Gland re thyroid rinodzora kuti simba iroro rinogadzirwa uye rinoshandiswa nekukurumidza sei.

Ingofunga, kana thyroid yako isiri kushanda zvakanaka, inogona kukanganisa muviri wako wese. Saka zvakakosha kuti uzive izvi.

Chii chiri kuitika ne thyroid yangu?

Sechikamu cheendocrine gland, thyroid inogadzira uye inoburitsa mahormone akati wandei. Aya ndiwo:

• Thyroxine (T4):Iyi ndiyo hormone huru inogadzirwa ne thyroid. Zvisinei, haikanganisi zvakananga metabolism. Mushure mekunge T4 yapinda muropa, inoshandurwa kuita T3 kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi `deiodination`.
• Triiodothyronine (T3): Gymnastics inogadzira T3 shoma pane T4. Zvisinei, ndiyo hormone yeT3 ine simba guru pakugadzirwa kwemuviri .
• Reverse triiodothyronine (RT3): Izvi zvinogadzirwa muhuwandu hushoma. RT3 inodzosera shure kushanda kweT3.
• Calcitonin: Hormone iyi inobatsira kudzora huwandu hwecalcium muropa redu.

Kuti tigadzire mahormone aya ethyroid, thyroid gland inoda chinhu chinonzi iodine . Tinowana iodine kubva muchikafu (kunyanya munyu une iodine) nemvura. thyroid gland inotora iodine iyi yoishandura kuita mahormone ethyroid. Funga nezvazvo, kana muviri wako uine iodine yakawandisa kana shoma, inogona kukanganisa huwandu hwemahormone ethyroid ainogadzira. thyroid gland inokanganisa zvinhu zvakaita se:

• Mashandisiro anoita miviri yedu simba ( metabolism )
• Kurova kwemoyo
• Kufema
• Kugaya dumbu
• Kupisa kwemuviri
• Kukura kwehuropi
• Basa repfungwa
• Kuchengetedza ganda nemapfupa
• Kubereka

Ndezvipi zvimwe nhengo negland zvinobatanidzwa negland re thyroid?

Sisitimu yedu yeendocrine network yakaoma kwazvo. Mahormone akawanda anoshanda nemasaini kubva kune mamwe mahormone. Zvakare, mamwe mahormone anogona kudzvinyirira mamwe mahormone. Kunewo sisitimu yakaoma kwazvo yekudzora huwandu hwemahormone ethyroid mumuviri wedu. Kutanga, hypothalamus, iyo iri chikamu cheuropi hwedu, inoburitsa hormone inonzi thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH). Iyi TRH inoenda kunosimudzira chikamu chepituitary gland yedu, iyo inoburitsa thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Iyi TSH inozosimudzira masero efollicular mu thyroid gland kuti agadzire mahormone eT4 neT3. Zvisinei, kuti izvi zvishande, panofanira kunge paine iodine yakakwana mumuviri. Gland re thyroid nemahormone aro zvinokanganisa maitiro ese mumuviri wedu. Kuti tipe mienzaniso mishoma:

• Sisitimu yemwoyo: Gwara remudumbu rinobatsira kudzora zvinhu zvakaita sekuti mwoyo yedu inopomba ropa rakawanda sei (moyo unobuda), kurova kwemoyo, uye simba rekurwadziwa kwemoyo wedu.
• Sisitimu yetsinga:Kana thyroid isiri kushanda zvakanaka, zviratidzo zvine chekuita netsinga zvinogona kuitika. Semuenzaniso, kunzwa kusanzwa zvakanaka , kunzwa kutsva , kurwadziwa, uye kunzwa kupisa mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Uyewo, kana basa rethyroid rikaderedzwa (hypothyroidism), kuora mwoyo kunogona kuitika, uye kana rikawedzera (hyperthyroidism), kuzvidya mwoyo kunogona kuitika.
• Sisitimu yekugaya chikafu: Gwara remudumbu rinobatanidzwawo pakufamba kwechikafu chatinodya nemunzira yekugaya chikafu (mudumbu).
• Nzira dzekubereka: Kana paine dambudziko ne thyroid, nguva yekuenda kumwedzi kwevakadzi inogona kusaenderana uye matambudziko ekubereka anogona kuitika.

Munhu anogona kurarama asina thyroid gland here?

Ehe, unogona. Zvisinei, uchafanira kutora mushonga wekutsiva mahormone kweupenyu hwako hwese kuti urambe uine hutano uye kudzivirira matambudziko. Kuvhiyiwa kwekubvisa thyroid gland, kunonzi thyroidectomy , kuvhiyiwa kwakajairika kune mamwe matambudziko ethyroid.

Gland re thyroid riri kupi? Zvikamu zvaro ndezvipi? Rakakura sei?

Sezvandambotaura, thyroid gland iri pamberi pemutsipa wako, pamusoro pemutsinga wemhepo (trachea) . Yakaita seshavishavi - ine diki pakati nemapapiro maviri makuru akapararira kumativi ese. Thyroid gland ine hutano haiwanzoonekwa (haitari sebundu mumutsipa wako), uye haugone kuinzwa kana ukaibata nemunwe wako pamberi pemutsipa wako. Thyroid gland ine zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: lobes mbiri (lobes) nechikamu chepakati chinobatanidza lobes idzi mbiri (thyroid isthmus) . Izvi zvinoumbwa nemasero e thyroid follicle (thyrocytes), anogadzira uye anochengeta mahormone e thyroid (kunyanya T3 neT4), uye C-cells , anogadzira hormone calcitonin. Thyroid gland yakareba masendimita maviri . Thyroid gland ine hutano haiwanzoonekwa uye inobuda mumutsipa. Zvisinei, mamwe mamiriro ehutano anogona kukonzera thyroid kukura. Izvi zvinonzi goiter . Vamwe vanhu vanoidaidzawo kuti "goiter." Kana uine goiter, unogona kuona zviratidzo zvakaita seizvi:

• Kuzvimba pamberi pemutsipa, pasi pebhonzo remutsipa.
• Kunzwa kubatwa pahuro.
• Kuchinja kwenzwi, semuenzaniso, kurira kwezwi.

Ndezvipi zvirwere nemamiriro ezvinhu anokanganisa gland re thyroid?

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzechirwere chethyroid. Izvi zvakajairika. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni makumi maviri muUnited States chete vanotambura nechirwere chethyroid. Vakadzi vane mukana wekuwana chirwere chethyroid wakapetwa kashanu kusvika kasere kupfuura varume. Chirwere chethyroid chakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: yekutanga neyechipiri .

• Muchirwere chethyroid chekutanga, chirwere chinotanga mugland rethyroid pachayo.
• Muchirwere che secondary thyroid , chirwere chinotanga mu pituitary gland. Semuenzaniso, kana bundu rikakura pa thyroid yako rikaita kuti ibudise thyroid hormone yakawandisa, i primary hyperthyroidism. Zvisinei, kana bundu rikakura pa pituitary gland yako rikaita kuti ibudise TSH yakawandisa, iyo inokurudzira thyroid kuti ibudise hormone yakawandisa, i secondary hyperthyroidism.

Kune zvirwere zvikuru zvina zvinokanganisa gland re thyroid:

• Hypothyroidism (thyroid gland isingashande zvakanaka)
• Hyperthyroidism ( thyroid gland inoshanda zvakanyanya)
• Goiter ( goiter yakakura/goiter)
• Kenza yethyroid

Hypothyroidism - kana thyroid gland isingashande zvakanaka

Izvi zvinoitika kana gland rako re thyroid risingagadzire mahormone e thyroid akakwana . Izvi zvinononotsa mamwe magayirwo emuviri wako. Ichi chirwere chinowanzoitikawo. Kune marapirwo acho. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinokonzera hypothyroidism:

• Chirwere chaHashimoto: Ichi chirwere che `autoimmune`. Izvi zvinoreva kuti masoja edu emuviri anorwisa thyroid.
• Thyroiditis: Kuzvimba kwegland re thyroid.
• Kushaikwa kweiodine.
• Kusashanda zvakanaka kwe thyroid yekuzvarwa nayo.
• Kushandisa mishonga zvakanyanya yekurapa hyperthyroidism.
• Kubviswa kwegland re thyroid nekuvhiyiwa.

Hyperthyroidism - kana gland regland richiita basa rakawandisa

Izvi zvinoitika kana gland rako re thyroid rikagadzira uye richiburitsa mahormone e thyroid akawandisa . Izvi zvinokurumidzisa mamwe magayirwo emuviri wako. Kune mishonga yeizvi zvakare. Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinokonzera hyperthyroidism:

• Chirwere cheGraves: Ichi chirwere chinokonzerwawo ne autoimmune.
• Mapundu e thyroid.
• Kurwara kwetsinga.
• Postpartum thyroiditis: Kuzvimba kwegland regland kunoitika mushure mekusununguka.
• Iodine yakawandisa muropa, kungave kubva muchikafu kana mishonga.
• Kushandisa mishonga zvakanyanya kune hypothyroidism.
• Bundu risiri rekenza (risina kuipa) remudumbu wepituitary gland.

Goiter - kukura kwe thyroid

Goiter kukura kwegland re thyroid. Izvi zvinowanzoitikawo. Zvikonzero zvinosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwegoiter:

• Magoiter ari nyore: Izvi zvinokura kana gland re thyroid rikasagadzira mahormone akakwana mumuviri. Gland re thyroid rinoedza kukura kuti ritsive kushomeka kwaro.
• Magomarara emudumbu (endemic goiters): Izvi zvinokura muvanhu vasingawani iodine yakakwana kubva mukudya kwavo. MuSri Lanka, chirwere ichi hachiwanzoitiki nekuti tinowedzera iodine mumunyu watinodya.
• Maronda emudumbu (goiter) asingawanzoitiki: Kazhinji, hapana chikonzero chakajeka cheizvi. Dzimwe nguva, zvinogonawo kukonzerwa nemishonga, yakaita se lithium.

Kenza yethyroid

Iyi igomarara rinotanga mudumbu remudumbu. Kurapa kwegomarara remudumbu kunobudirira zvikuru. Usazvidya moyo, rinogona kurapwa muzviitiko zvakawanda. Gomarara remudumbu rinopatsanurwa zvichienderana nerudzi rwesero rinobuda gomarara:

• Papillary: Inenge 80% yegomarara rethyroid ndeyerudzi urwu.
• Follicular: Inenge 15% ndeyerudzi urwu.
• Medullary: Inenge 2%. Izvi zvinogonawo kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuchinja kwemajini.
• Anaplastic: Inenge 2%. Izvi zvakanyanya kuoma, asi hazviwanzoitika.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvekutanga zvematambudziko e thyroid?

Zvirwere zvakasiyana zve thyroid zvine zviratidzo zvakasiyana. Zvisinei, sezvo thyroid ichiita basa guru muzvinhu zvakawanda mumuviri wedu, zvakaita sekurova kwemoyo, kugaya chikafu mumuviri, uye kudzora tembiricha, unofanira kuziva nezvezviratidzo izvi:

• Kurova kwemoyo kwakaderera kana kwakawedzera.
• Kuonda kana kuti kufuta pasina chikonzero.
• Kuomerwa nekutsungirira kutonhora kana kupisa.
• Kuora mwoyo kana kuzvidya mwoyo.
• Kuenda kumwedzi kusingaenderane nezvinodiwa nevakadzi.

Kana uine chimwe chezviratidzo izvi kana kupfuura, zvakanaka kuti uone chiremba woongororwa ropa kuti uone mashandiro ethyroid yako.

Ndezvipi zviedzo zvinowanzoitwa kuti utarise hutano hwe thyroid?

Muedzo wekutanga uye unonyanya kukosha wekutarisa hutano hwethyroid yako kuongororwa ropa kuti uone huwandu hweTSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) yako. Izvi zvinogona kukupa pfungwa ye hypothyroidism uye hyperthyroidism. Huwandu hwakajairika hwekuongororwa kweropa reTSH huri pakati pe0.5 ne5.0 mIU/L (milli-international units pa litre). Zvisinei, izvi zvinogona kusiyana zvishoma kubva murabhoritari kuenda kune imwe, zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita sezera rako uye mamiriro epamuviri. Saka enzanisa nehukuru huri mumushumo wako. Chiremba wako anogonawo kutarisa huwandu hwako hweT4 neT3 (thyroid hormone) muropa rako. Kana mhinduro dzako dzebvunzo dzisina kujairika, chiremba wako anogona kuraira kuti thyroid scan iongororwe.Ungangokumbirwa kuti uite CT scan (inoshandisa chinhu chidiki, chakachengeteka chine radioactive kutora mifananidzo yethyroid) kana kuti thyroid ultrasound .

Zvirwere zve thyroid zvinorapwa sei?

Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurapa chirwere chethyroid. Zvinoenderana nekuti chirwere chacho chii uye kuti chakakomba sei. Kune nzira nhatu huru dzekurapa:

• Mishonga
• Kuvhiya
• Kurapa nemwaranzi uye chemotherapy

Mishonga

Mishonga yekurapa zvirwere zve thyroid:

• Mishonga yekudzivirira thyroid: Mishonga iyi inomisa thyroid kugadzira mahormone. Inopihwa kune hyperthyroidism.
• Beta-blockers: Mishonga iyi inodzora zviratidzo zvehyperthyroidism (sekurova kwemoyo nekukurumidza), asi hairapi chirwere chethyroid pachacho.
• Iyodhini inouraya thyroid: Mushonga uyu unokuvadza masero ethyroid, wozopedzisira waparadza thyroid gland. Mushonga uyu unorapa hyperthyroidism nekenza yethyroid.
• Mishonga yemahormone ethyroid: Aya mahormone ethyroid akagadzirwa. Anopiwa kurapa hypothyroidism. Vanhu vakabviswa thyroid kana kuti vane thyroid isiri kushanda nekuda kweradioactive iodine vanofanira kutora mishonga iyi kweupenyu hwavo hwese.

Kuvhiya

Kuvhiyiwa kukuru kwechirwere chethyroid kuvhiyiwa kwe thyroid . Izvi zvinosanganisira kubviswa kwe thyroid gland yese nekuvhiyiwa. Kuvhiyiwa kwe thyroid isarudzo yekurapa chirwere che thyroid uye ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekurapa kenza ye thyroid. Imwe nzira yekuvhiyiwa i lobectomy , iyo inobvisa chikamu che thyroid chete.

Kurapa nemwaranzi uye chemotherapy

Aya ndiwo marapirwo egomarara remudumbu. Mishonga iyi yese inouraya masero egomarara uye inoamisa kukura. Zvisinei, kenza zhinji dzegomarara remudumbu hadzidi kurapwa nemwaranzi kana chemotherapy.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokonzera chirwere chethyroid?

Chirwere chethyroid chinowanzoitika uye chinogona kubata vanhu vemazera ese. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yako yekubatwa nechirwere chethyroid:

• Kuva nenhoroondo yemhuri yechirwere chethyroid (nhaka inoberekwa).
• Kuva nechirwere che autoimmune, chakadai sechirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga, rheumatoid arthritis, kana lupus.
• Kutora mushonga une iodine yakawandisa.
• Kuva nemakore anopfuura makumi matanhatu ekuberekwa, kunyanya kana uri mukadzi.

Ndingachengetedza sei thyroid yangu iine hutano?

Zvaunoda kuti thyroid yako igare iine hutanoNzira huru ndeyekuwana iodine yakakwana kubva muzvikafu zvaunodya. Gwara rethyroid rinoda iodine kuti rigadzire mahormone ethyroid. Mashoko akanaka ndeekuti vanhu vazhinji vanowana iodine yakakwana kubva mumunyu une iodine uye chikafu chine iodine yakawedzerwa. Zvimwe zvekudya zvine iodine:

• Chizi
• Mukaka wemombe
• Mazai
• Yogati
• Hove dzegungwa
• Hove dzemashellfish, dzakadai semakaka neshrimp
• Sora regungwa
• Mukaka wesoya
• Soya muto

Zvisinei, kutora iodine yakawandisa hakuna kunaka uye kunogonawo kukonzera matambudziko. Kana uine mibvunzo kana zvinokunetsa nezvehutano hwe thyroid yako, usazeza kutaura nachiremba wako.

Ndirini pandinofanira kutaura nachiremba nezve thyroid yangu?

Kana uri kuona zviratidzo zvechirwere chethyroid, zvakaita sekuchinja kwehuremu hwako, kurova kwemoyo, kana tembiricha , ona chiremba wako. Anogona kuita bvunzo yeropa kuti aone kana thyroid yako iri kukonzera zviratidzo zvako.

Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvekurangarira (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Gland rako rethyroid igland rinokosha zvikuru muhurongwa hwako hwe endocrine. Rinokanganisa zvinhu zvakawanda mumuviri wako. Chirwere chethyroid chinowanzoitika, uye chinogona kurapwa uye kurapwa zvakanyanya.

Kana uine zviratidzo zvine chekuita nechirwere chethyroid, kana kuti uchida kuziva kana uine chero zvinhu zvinokonzera chirwere chethyroid, usatya kana kuzeza kutaura nachiremba wako. Varipo kuti vakubatsire. Kutarisira hutano hwako ndicho chinhu chakakosha!

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Gwara remudumbu, thyroid gland, mahormone, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, goiter, kenza yethyroid