Ndiani chiremba we radiation uyu? Ngationei chaizvo!

Pamwe wakamboongororwa X-ray, CT scan, kana MRI scan. Kana kuti chiremba wako angangodaro akakukumbira kuti uite imwe. Saka, unoziva here kuti munhu anotarisa ma scan aya anokuudza zviri kuitika mumuviri wako ndiani? Ndiye chiremba we radiology watichataura nezvake nhasi.

Ndiani uyu anonzi radiologist?

Muchidimbu, chiremba weX-ray inyanzvi yezvekurapa. Basa rake guru nderekushandisa michina yakasiyana-siyana yekufungidzira , yatinodaidza kuti michina yekuskena, kuongorora mukati memiviri yedu, kuongorora zvirwere nekukuvara, uye dzimwe nguva kutobatsira nekurapa. Funga nezvazvo, mukati memiviri yedu hamuonekwe nekunze, saka vanachiremba ava vanotarisa mukati memuviri nemidziyo yakakosha voona kana paine chisina kumira zvakanaka ipapo.

Chii ichi chavanoshandisa pakugadzira mifananidzo?

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo yavanoshandisa. Pamwe wakambonzwa nezvemazita aya. Ngationei kuti ndeapi:

• Kuongororwa kweCT ( computed tomography - CT) : Vamwe vanhu vanoti izvi "CAT scan". Izvi zvinogona kutora mifananidzo yakadzama yemukati memuviri. Zvinogona kutarisa zvikamu zvemuviri nechikamu, sekucheka chingwa.
• Fluoroscopy : Izvi zvakafanana neX-ray inofamba. Inokubvumira kuona mashandiro ari kuita nhengo dziri mukati memuviri panguva chaiyo , sevhidhiyo. Semuenzaniso, inoshandiswa kuona kufamba kunoita mvura kana uchiimedza.
• Kufungidzira Kusanganiswa : Izvi zvinosanganisira kusanganisa mifananidzo kubva kumhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzekuongorora, dzakadai se "`(PET)`` scan uye "`(CT)`` scan, kuti uwane ruzivo rwakajeka uye rwakadzama. Chimwe chinhu chisingaonekwe mune imwe scan chinogona kuonekwa mune imwe, uye kana zviviri izvi zvabatanidzwa, mufananidzo wakakwana unowanikwa.
• MRI Scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI) uye Magnetic Resonance Angiography - MRA : MRI inogona kuburitsa mifananidzo yakajeka uye yakadzama. MRI inonyanya kubatsira pakutarisa nyama dzakapfava dzakadai seuropi, musana, majoini, uye tsandanyama. Haishandise mwaranzi, asi inoshandisa simba remagineti. MRA imhando yeMRI inotarisa mitsipa yeropa.
• Kuongororwa kweMammography : Ungave wakambonzwa nezveizvi, bvunzo yakakosha ye "X-ray" inoshandiswa kuona kenza yemazamu nekukurumidza. Iyi bvunzo yakakosha zvikuru kuvakadzi.
• Kufungidzira Mishonga Yenyukireya: Izvi zvinosanganisira kupa muviri chinhu chidiki chisina njodzi chine radioactive ('radioactive tracer') (kungave nemuromo kana jekiseni), uye kuchiona chichifamba mumuviri uchishandisa kamera yakakosha ('gamma camera'). Izvi zvinogona kupa pfungwa yakanaka yekuti nhengo dziri kushanda sei uye kuti dziri kushanda zvakanaka sei. Mienzaniso inosanganisira thyroid scan uye bone scan.
• Kuongororwa kwePET ( Positron Emission Tomography - PET) : Ukuwo rudzi rwakakosha rwekuongororwa rwunowanikwa muchikamu che "Nuclear Medicine Imaging". Kunonyanya kushandiswa kuona kana masero egomarara aripo, kana apararira, uye kuti ari kupindura sei pakurapwa. Kunogona zvakare kutarisa mashandiro emasero mumuviri.
• Ultrasound : Izvi zvinoshandisa mafungu eruzha ane ruzha rwakawanda kugadzira mifananidzo yemukati memuviri. Izvi hazvishandisiwo mwaranzi. Inowanzo shandiswa kutarisa mwana panguva yekuzvitakura uye kutarisa nhengo dzemudumbu (dzakadai sechiropa, itsvo, uye spleen).
• X-rays : Iyi ndiyo bvunzo yatinoziva tese, uye inowanzoitwa kekutanga. Inoshandiswa kutsvaga zvinhu zvakaita sekutyoka kwemapfupa, uye kutora X-ray yechipfuva kuti vaone mamiriro akaita sepneumonia mumapapu.

Ndeapi matunhu makuru eX-ray?

Kune nzvimbo nhatu huru dze radiology . Kureva, nzvimbo nhatu huru idzo nyanzvi dze radiology dzinoita basa radzo.

1. Kuongorora Radiyoroji

2. Kupindira kweRadiology

3. Oncology yeRadiation

Kune mamwe mabasa ehunyanzvi pasi peimwe neimwe yenzvimbo idzi. Ngatitaurei nezvenzvimbo idzi nhatu huru zvakadzama .

1. Chii chinonzi Diagnostic Radiology?

Uyu ndiwo munda watagara tichinzwa nezvawo, uye watinonyanya kuziva. Vanachiremba veRadiology vanoongorora ma scan atakambotaura, kureva kuti , vanoaongorora (vanoadudzira) , voona kuti maumbirwo nenhengo dziri mukati memuviri zvakaita sei. Kubva pamifananidzo iyi, vanogona:

• Kuongororwa kwezvirwere. Semuenzaniso, kana ukakosora wobva watorwa X-ray, unogona kuona kana uine pneumonia. Kana, kana uine musoro, unogona kuongororwa MRI kuti uone kana uine chimwe chinhu chakaita sebundu remuuropi.
• Kana uri kurapwa chirwere, tarisa maitiro ako ekurapwa.Fungidzira uchiongorora CT scan yemunhu ari kurapwa kenza woona kana bundu racho radzikira, rakakura, kana kuti rikaramba rakafanana.
• Kuongororwa kwezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinoreva kutarisa kana paine chirwere chisati chaonekwa zviratidzo. Semuenzaniso, mammography yekuona kenza yemazamu nekukurumidza, bvunzo dzekutarisa kenza yemuura, kana bvunzo dzekutarisa mamiriro emwoyo.

2. Chii chinonzi Interventional Radiology?

Iyi inzvimbo yakasiyana uye inonakidza zvikuru. Vanachiremba veRadiologists vanoshandisa matekinoroji ekufungidzira akadai seCT scans, ultrasound, uye MRI kuti varapwe pasina kuvhiyiwa. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, vanotarisa ma scans aya voisa midziyo midiki yakaita secatheters (machubhu matete) newaya mumuviri kuti varapwe. Izvi hazvidi kucheka kukuru, asi kucheka kushoma . Izvi zvinoguma nenguva pfupi yekupora uye matambudziko mashoma.

Chimbofunga, kungofanana nekushandisa GPS kuti uwane nzira, vanachiremba ava vanoshandisa mifananidzo yekuongorora kuti vasvike panzvimbo chaiyo mumuviri wako uye vakurape.

Mamwe ematambudziko anorapwa nenzira iyi ndeaya:

• Kenza kana mapundu. Mamwe mapundu anorapwa nekubaya mishonga zvakananga maari (`chemoembolization`), kana nekuvharira tsinga dzeropa dzinoapa (`embolization`) kuti aparadze bundu, kana nekushandisa kupisa (`ablation`).
• Kuvharika kwetsinga dzeropa kana dzeropa. Semuenzaniso, kana tsinga yeropa iri mugumbo yakavharwa, inogona kuvhurwa nebharumu (angioplasty) kana kuti stent (chubhu diki ine mesh) inogona kuiswa kuti ropa ridzokere kuyerera.
• Matumbu echibereko. Izvi zvinogonawo kurapwa ne "embolization".
• Kurwadziwa kwemusana. Kune mamwe marwadzo emusana, zvinhu zvakaita sejekiseni resteroid zvinogona kupihwa panzvimbo chaiyo zvichibva pane scan.
• Zvimwe zvinetso zvechiropa neitsvo. Semuenzaniso, nzira iyi inoshandiswa kuita biopsy (chidimbu chenyama chinotorwa kuti chiongororwe) kana kuisa machubhu mumigero ye bile yakavharika kana nzira dzeweti.

3. Chii chinonzi Radiation Oncology?

Tinoti dzimwe nzira dzekufungidzira dzinosanganisira radiation. Zvisinei, kana dzichishandiswa pakuongorora chirwere, radiation iyoyo haigone kushandiswa kurapa chirwere. Zvisinei, kune nyanzvi dzinonzi Radiation Oncologists dzinoita radiation therapy.Inoshandiswa kurapa kenza nedzimwe zvirwere zvisina kenza (zvisina kunaka).

Kurapa nemwaranzi inzira yekurapa kenza inoshandisa simba rakasimba, senge maX-ray kana mamwe marudzi emwaranzi, kuuraya masero ekenza kana kuamisa kukura nekupatsanuka. Inoshanda nekukuvadza DNA yemasero ekenza.

Vanachiremba vekenza yemwaranzi ava ndivo vanoronga nekuona huwandu hwakakodzera hwemwaranzi yemhando yega yega yekenza, maitiro ekuwedzera mhedzisiro pamasero ekenza uku vachideredza kukuvara kwemasero ane hutano. Vanozivawo kuti ndeipi nzira yekurapa yakanakira mhando yekenza yako, mhando yekenza, uye hutano hwako hwese.

Vanachiremba veRadiologists here?

Ehe, zvechokwadi! Vanachiremba veX-ray vanodzidziswa nezveX-ray. Vese vane marezenisi eX-ray vakapedza chikoro chekurapa uye vakawana dhigirii rezvekurapa, ringave reDoctor of Medicine (MD) kana kuti reDoctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) . Saka, vane ruzivo rwakadzama rwezvekurapa nezvemuviri nezvirwere.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peRadiologist neRadiologic Technologist?

Apa ndipo panowanzo vhiringika vanhu vazhinji. Asi ava vanhu vaviri vakasiyana, uye mabasa avo akasiyana.

• Nyanzvi yeX-ray chiremba akadzidziswa kuverenga nekududzira , kureva kuti, kuongorora, mifananidzo inoskenwa uye kupa chirwere .
• Nyanzvi yeRadiologic Technologist , dzimwe nguva inonzi Radiographer , inyanzvi yezvekurapa inoita scans.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kana uchienda kunotorwa X-ray, chiremba weX-ray ndiye anokuisa panzvimbo yako zvakanaka, anobatidza muchina, uye anotora X-ray. Anokubatsira kuti unzwe wakasununguka, uye anova nechokwadi chekuti mifananidzo yacho ndeyemhando yepamusoro. Zvisinei, haatarise mifananidzo yacho okuudza zviri kukunetsa. Harisi basa rake.

Chiremba weX-ray anotarisa mufananidzo, obva aona kana uine chirwere chauri kurwara zvichibva pane zviri mukati mawo, uye onyora mushumo nezvazvo. Unonzwisisa musiyano wacho here? Zvese zvakakosha, asi mabasa avo akasiyana.

Saka chii chaizvo chinoitwa nenyanzvi ye radiology?

Kune mabasa akakosha akawanda anofanira kuitwa nachiremba weX-ray. Aya mabasa akaomarara.

• Kuongorora nhoroondo yezvekurapa kwako kuti uone kana bvunzo yemifananidzo ichizokonzera kukuvara kwauri. Semuenzaniso, kana uine allergies kune chimwe chinhu.Kana zvakadaro, rudzi rwedhayi yekuenzanisa inoshandiswa pakuongorora zvimwe zvinhu rungave rusina kukodzera iwe.
• Kududzira mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kwemifananidzo yezvokurapa ndiko kunoda hunyanzvi hwavo.
• Kuenzanisa zvakawanikwa kubva mumiedzo iyoyo yekufungidzira nezvimwe zviedzo zvawakaita.
• Kukurukura nevanokupa rubatsiro rwehutano kuti vakubatsire kusarudza bvunzo yekutora mifananidzo yakakodzera iwe, uye kukubatsira kuita sarudzo nezverapi yako yeramangwana zvichibva pane zvabuda muongororo.
• Kunyora mishumo inosanganisira mhedzisiro uye kuongororwa kwechirwere. Mushumo uyu ndiwo waunotumira kuna chiremba wako.
• Kana zvichidikanwa, ndinokurudzira mimwe miedzo kana mishonga.
• Kurapa zvirwere uchishandisa mwaranzi (izvi zvinoitwa mu `(Radiation Oncology)`) kana kuita kurapwa kunotungamirirwa nemifananidzo (izvi zvinoitwa mu `(Interventional Radiology)`).
• Kurayira vashandi veX-ray kuti vaite bvunzo dzemifananidzo kana kuti vaite mimwe miedzo ivo pachavo (kunyanya munzvimbo dzakadai seInterventional Radiology).

Unofanira kuenda kuchikoro chekurapa kuti uve radiologist here?

Ehe, zvechokwadi. Sezvandambotaura, nyanzvi yega yega ye radiology ine rezinesi yakaenda kuchikoro chekurapa uye yakapedza kudzidza pachiri. Ndiyo faniro yekutanga.

Munhu anova sei nyanzvi ye radiology?

Kuva nyanzvi ye radiation hakusi nyore. Zvinoda kuzvipira kwakawanda, nguva, uye dzidzo. Tarisa matanho aya:

1. Kutanga, unofanira kupedzisa dzidzo yepre-medical uye dhigirii reBachelor kubva kuyunivhesiti kana kukoreji.

2. Zvadaro unofanira kuwana dhigirii rezvekurapa kubva kuchikoro chezvekurapa chakabvumidzwa (makore angangoita 4-5).

3. Unofanira kupasa bvunzo yekupa marezenisi ekurapa (semuenzaniso, muUnited States, bvunzo yeUnited States Medical Licensing Examination - USMLE).

4. Zvadaro, vanofanira kupedza makore mana ekudzidziswa kwekugara mu radiology. Panguva iyi ndipo pavanowana kudzidziswa kwemabasa akasiyana-siyana e radiology.

Nyanzvi dzakawanda dze radiology dzinozopedza rimwe gore rimwe kana maviri ekudzidziswa kwakakosha (fellowship) , izvo zvinovabvumira kuwana ruzivo rwakadzama nehunyanzvi mune subspecialty ye radiology. Mimwe mienzaniso inosanganisira:

• Oncology yemwaranzi
• Radiology yevana (ndiko kuti, ine chekuita nezvirwere zvevana)
• Kupindira kweX-rayology
• Kufungidzira mazamu
• Radiology yemwoyo nemidziyo yeropa (mwoyo nemidziyo yeropa)
• Neuroradiology (uropi, musana, tsinga)
• Mushonga wenyukireya

Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti uve radiologist?

Zvinowanzo tora makore angangoita gumi nematatu kuti uve chiremba we radiation. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Dzidzo yepre-degree (makore 3-4)
• Chikoro cheUrapi (makore 4-5)
• Makore mana ekudzidziswa kwekugara
• Gore rimwe kana maviri ekudzidziswa kwakakosha (kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisiri zvekumanikidzwa, vanhu vazhinji vanozviita)

Saka unogona kuona kuti rwendo urwu runogona kutora nguva yakareba sei uye rwakatsaurirwa. Ndosaka vanachiremba vane hunyanzvi hwekutarisa ma scans ako nekuwana ruzivo rwakakosha. Vakafanana ne "ma detective" ebazi rezvekurapa.

Pakupedzisira, meseji diki yekudzokera nayo kumba.

Fungidzira kuti une fungidziro yechirwere, kana kuti waifanira kungoongororwa semuyedzo. Zvakajairika kuti unzwe kutya uye kutya panguva iyoyo. Asi yeuka, pane mumwe munhu ane ruzivo rwakasiyana uye kudzidziswa kuti atarise mifananidzo yako yekuongorora uye kuverenga mhinduro nemazvo. Ndiro radiologist .

Vachagadzira mushumo wakadzama wezvakabuda muongororo yenyu vozotumira kuna chiremba wenyu kana timu yezvekurapa. Ndipo chete pavanozosarudza kuti ndeipi mishonga yakakunakirai.

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, kana muine mibvunzo nezve zvabuda muongororo yenyu, musatya kubvunza chiremba wenyu. Mune kodzero yekuziva nezvehutano hwenyu. Chiremba weX-ray anogona kusasangana nemi zvakananga, asi ivo nhengo inokosha muchikwata chenyu chehutano.

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Nyanzvi yeX-ray, scans, diagnostics, CT scans, MRI scans, X-rays, radiation therapy