Chii chinonzi DSM-5? Bhuku rino ringakubatsira sei kudzidza nezvehutano hwako hwepfungwa! (DSM-5)

Pamwe wakambonzwa nezvezwi iri rokuti ``(DSM-5)``. Pamwe kubva kuna chiremba, kana kune imwe nzvimbo inotaura nezvehutano hwepfungwa . Saka, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvingaita sezvakaoma kune vanhu vazhinji, ngatitaure nezvazvo nenzira iri nyore uye ine hushamwari nhasi. Sezvaungataura neshamwari, zvakanaka here?

Chii chaizvo chinonzi DSM-5, bhuku rino?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, DSM-5 igwaro rakazara rematambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa , kusanganisira zvirwere zvepfungwa nemamiriro ezvinhu. Rakanyorwa, rakagadziriswa, uye rakaburitswa neAmerican Psychiatric Association (APA).

Ungave uchishamisika kuti sei paine "5" muzita racho. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iri ndiro bhuku rechishanu uye ibhuku idzva riripo. DSM-5 yakatanga kuburitswa muna Chivabvu 2013. Zvadaro, muna Kurume 2022, APA yakaburitsa bhuku rakagadziriswazve uye rakagadziridzwa reDSM-5. Rinonzi DSM-5-TR™. TR inomiririra Text Revision, zvinoreva kuti "kuvandudzwa kwemashoko" kwakaitwa.

Chinhu chimwe chakakosha chekurangarira: `(DSM-5)` ​​​​uye `(DSM-5-TR)` mabhuku akagadzirirwa kushandiswa nevanhu vane ruzivo rwakasiyana, vakaita savanachiremba nenyanzvi dzepfungwa. Zviri mumabhuku aya zvine hunyanzvi. Zvingave zvakaoma kuti munhuwo zvake anzwisise kana akaverenga. Saka, usamboverenga bhuku iri wofunga kuti une chirwere kana kuti haugone kuona chiremba. Iri rakafanana nebhuku rinokudzidzisa mafambisirwo endege. Tingada kuriverenga, asi kungoverenga bhuku iroro hakuiti kuti tive mutyairi wendege, handiti?

Pamusoro peDSM-5-TR, APA inoburitsawo mabhuku anobatsira anotsanangura ruzivo rwayo. Mienzaniso inosanganisira DSM-5 Handbook of Differential Diagnosis (bhuku rinobatsira kusiyanisa pakati pezvirwere zvakafanana zvichibva pazviratidzo) uye DSM-5 Clinical Cases (bhuku rinosanganisira zvidzidzo zvevarwere vakasiyana-siyana).

Chinangwa chaicho chebhuku iri reDSM-5 ndechei?

Funga nezvazvo, usati warapa chero chirwere, danho rekutanga nderekuziva kuti chirwere chacho chii chaizvo. Izvi zvakajairika kuzvirwere zvemuviri nezvepfungwa. Ndipo panobatsira bhuku rinonzi ``(DSM-5)```.

Bhuku rino rinopa tsananguro dzakajeka uye dzakadzama dzezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvepfungwa nezvirwere zvine chekuita neuropi. Rinotsanangurawo zviratidzo zvezvirwere izvozvo nemienzaniso.

Pamusoro pekutsanangura chirwere ichi, DSM-5 inoisawo muzvikamu zvezvirwere izvi. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti vanachiremba nenyanzvi dzehutano hwepfungwa vaongorore chirwere ichi nemazvo uye vachisiyanise nezvimwe zvirwere zvine zviratidzo zvakafanana .

DSM-5 yakagadzirwa sei? Ndiani akabatanidzwa mairi?

Kuti vagadzire DSM-5, APA yakaunganidza vanachiremba vepfungwa vanopfuura 160, vanachiremba vepfungwa, nedzimwe nyanzvi kubva kumativi ose enyika. Mazana evamwe nyanzvi vakabatsira sevanopa mazano panyaya dzakasiyana-siyana. Kugadzirwa kweDSM-5 kwaisanganisirawo kuyedzwa kwakawanda kwemumunda nekutsvagisa.

Kuti vagadzire DSM-5-TR, APA yakabatanidza vanhu vazhinji vaive nechekuita neDSM-5 yekutanga. Pamwe chete , nyanzvi dzinopfuura mazana maviri dzakabatsira zvakananga kuDSM-5-TR.

Chii chinonzi DSM-5?

Bhuku reDSM-5 rinonyanya kutarisana nemamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa . Zvisinei, nekuti hutano hwepfungwa nekushanda kwehuropi hazvisi zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana, bhuku iri rinofukidzawo mamiriro ezvinhu nematambudziko ane chekuita nemashandiro anoita huropi. Rinosanganisirawo makodhi ekuongorora . Makodhi aya anoita kuti zvive nyore kune vanopa hutano kuenzanisa mamiriro aya neWorld Health Organisation's International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) .

Bhuku rinonzi ``(DSM-5)`` rine zvikamu zvikuru zvitatu:

Chikamu I: DSM-5 Basics

Chikamu chino chinotsanangura mashandisirwo anofanira kuitwa bhuku iri nenyanzvi dzezvekurapa mubasa ravo. Chinopawo gwara rekuti ungashandisa sei DSM-5 pakubata nenyaya dzemutemo, dzakadai senyaya dzehutano hwepfungwa, uye nyaya dzematare edzimhosva.

Chikamu II: Maitiro Ekuongorora uye Makodhi

Ichi ndicho chikamu chikuru mubhuku. Chitsauko chimwe nechimwe muchikamu chino chinotaura nezvechikamu chezvirwere. Mamiriro chaiwo ari muchikamu ichocho anotsanangurwa zvakajeka uye anotsanangurwa. Ngatitarisei mamwe emapoka ezvirwere muchikamu chino uye kuti ndeapi ari muzvirwere:

• Matambudziko ekukura kwetsinga : Aya matambudziko ane chekuita nekukura kweuropi nehurongwa hwetsinga . Mienzaniso:
• `( Autism Spectrum Disorder)` (Mhando dzakasiyana dze autism )
• Dambudziko reKushaya Kuteerera/Kushaya Simba ( ADHD )
• Kuremara pakudzidza (semuenzaniso, Dyslexia - matambudziko ekuverenga, Dyscalculia - matambudziko emasvomhu)

Schizophrenia Spectrum uye Mamwe Matambudziko Epfungwa:Aya ndiwo mamiriro ezvinhu umo kubatana nechokwadi kunoputsika, kurota zvinhu zvisipo, uye mashura anoumbwa. Mienzaniso: Schizophrenia-yemanzwiro `(Schizophrenia)` Dambudziko reSchizoaffective
• Dambudziko reKunyengedza

• Matambudziko eBipolar neAne hukama: Aya ndiwo mamiriro ezvinhu umo manzwiro anokurumidza kuchinja pakati pezvakanyanya (mwero wepamusoro wemufaro/mufaro uye mwero wakaderera wekusuruvara/kuora mwoyo). Mienzaniso:
• `(Matambudziko eBipolar I neBipolar II)`
• Dambudziko reCyclothymic

• Matambudziko ekuora mwoyo: Mamiriro ezvinhu anoratidzwa nekusuruvara kwenguva refu uye kurasikirwa nehanya. Mienzaniso:
• Dambudziko Guru reKushungurudzika
• Dambudziko rePersistent Depression (raimbozivikanwa seDysthymia)

• Matambudziko ekuzvidya mwoyo: Mamiriro ezvinhu anokonzera kutya kwakanyanya, kunetseka, uye kusagadzikana. Mienzaniso:
• Dambudziko reKuzvidya Mwoyo Rakajairika
• Dambudziko reKutya Vanhu (Social Anxiety Disorder)
• Kushungurudzika Kwekuparadzana
• Kurwiswa neKutya (Panic Disorder)
• Kutya kwakasiyana-siyana (kwakadai sekutya kureba, kutya mhuka)

• Matambudziko eObsessive-Compulsive uye Ane hukama: Matambudziko ane chekuita nepfungwa dzinoshungurudza, dzinodzokororwa (obsessions) uye zviito zvekudzidzora (compulsions). Mienzaniso:
• Dambudziko reObsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
• Dambudziko reHoarding
• Dambudziko reMuviri reDysmorphic
• Dambudziko reKutora Ganda uye Dambudziko reKudhonza Bvudzi

• Matambudziko Anokonzerwa Nekukuvadzwa Nekushushikana: Matambudziko epfungwa anomuka mushure mekusangana nechiitiko chinorwadza. Mienzaniso:
• Dambudziko rePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
• Dambudziko reKushushikana Kwakanyanya
• Dambudziko rekugadzirisa

• Matambudziko eDissociative: Mamiriro ezvinhu apo pfungwa yemunhu pamusoro pake, ndangariro dzake, kana nharaunda yake inokanganiswa. Mienzaniso:
• Dambudziko reDissociative Identity (raimbozivikanwa seMultiple Personality Disorder)
• Kukanganwa Kwepfungwa
• Dambudziko rekusaita munhu wega/kusaita kuti munhu afunge kuti haasi munhu wega

• Zviratidzo zveSomatic neMatambudziko Akafanana: Mamiriro ezvinhu umo zviratidzo zvemuviri zvinomuka nekuda kwekushushikana kwepfungwa, pasina chikonzero chakajeka chemuviri. Mienzaniso:
• Dambudziko reSymptom Symptom
• Dambudziko reKutya Kurwara (kutya kugara uchirwara)
• Kusawirirana kweChiratidzo cheKushanda kweNeurological (yaimbozivikanwa seConversion Disorder)

• Matambudziko ekudya uye ekudya: Maitiro asina kujairika uye mafungiro ane chekuita nekudya. Mienzaniso:
• Anorexia Nervosa (kuyedza kuderedza uremu usina kudya)
• Bulimia Nervosa (kudya zvakawandisa wozobvisa chikafu kana dzimwe nzira)
• Dambudziko reKudya Zvakawandisa
• Pica (chido chekudya zvinhu zvisingadyiwi - semuenzaniso, tsvina, zvimiti zvechoko)

• Matambudziko Ekubvisa: Semuenzaniso, `(Enuresis)` (izvi zvinosanganisirawo zvinhu zvakaita sekunyorova pamubhedha).

• Matambudziko Ekurara Nekumuka: Matambudziko ane chekuita nekurara. Mienzaniso:
• Dambudziko rekushaya hope
• Kurara kamwe kamwe ( narcolepsy )
• Matambudziko eApnea Yekurara
• Dambudziko reNjodzi
• Chirwere cheMakumbo Asina Kugadzikana

• Matambudziko Epabonde

• Matambudziko Anovhiringidza, Anodzora Zvishuwo uye Anodzvinyirira Maitiro: Maitiro anovhiringidza vamwe, anoshaya simba rekutonga zvinhu zvisina kurongeka, uye anotyora mitemo. Mienzaniso:
• Dambudziko reKupikisa Rinopikisa
• Dambudziko rekusada kushamwaridzana nevamwe
• Kleptomania (chido chisingadzoreki chekuba)
• Pyromania (chido chekutsva moto)

• Matambudziko Anokonzerwa Nekushandisa Zvinetso Uye Kupindwa Muropa: Matambudziko anokonzerwa nekushandisa zvinhu zvakaita sezvinodhaka nedoro. Mienzaniso:
• Dambudziko rekushandisa doro
• Dambudziko rekushandisa mweya
• Dambudziko reKushandisa Opioid
• Zviratidzo zvine chekuita nekurega

• Matambudziko epfungwa: Matambudziko anokanganisa zvinhu zvakaita sekurangarira nekufunga nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka kwehuropi. Mienzaniso:
• Kuvhiringidzika kwepfungwa kamwe kamwe (delirium)
• Chirwere cheAlzheimer
• Chirwere cheParkinson
• Chirwere cheHuntington
• Kukuvara Kwepfungwa Kunorwadza

• Matambudziko ehunhu:Maitiro ekufunga kwenguva refu, manzwiro, uye maitiro anoita kuti zviomere kushamwaridzana nevamwe. Mienzaniso:
• Dambudziko reMunhu Ane Borderline (BPD)
• Dambudziko reUnhu Hwekuda Kuzvikudza

• Matambudziko Ekuita Zvepabonde

• Mamwe Matambudziko Epfungwa Nemamwe Makodhi: Matambudziko asingaenderane zvakanaka nedzimwe nzira dzekuongorora chirwere, asi ane simba guru pahupenyu hwemunhu.

• Matambudziko Ekufamba-famba Anokonzerwa Nemishonga Nemamwe Mimwe Migumisiro Yakaipa Yemishonga: Mienzaniso:
• Kusagadzikana kweTardive
• Chirwere cheNeuroleptic Malignant

• Mamwe Matambudziko Anogona Kutariswa Nechiremba: Izvi hazvisi zvirwere pachazvo, asi zvinhu zvinokanganisa kana kuitika pamwe chete nemamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuongororwa. Semuenzaniso, kuzvikuvadza, pfungwa/maitiro ekuzviuraya, nhoroondo yekushungurudzwa chero kupi zvako, kana kushaya basa.

Chikamu III: Matanho neMaenzaniso Ari Kubuda

Chikamu chino chinokurukura maturusi chaiwo ekuongorora anoshandiswa navanachiremba kuongorora mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Chinokurukurawo kuti kusiyana kwetsika kunogona kukanganisa sei kuongororwa, uye mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuiswa mune ramangwana reDSM asi achida kudzidza zvakawanda asati aiswa.

Chinyorwa chinotevera cheDSM chichabuda riini?

APA haiburitse mavhezheni matsva eDSM nehurongwa hwakatarwa. Pane kudaro, DSM inogadziridzwa sezvinodiwa. Chinyorwa chechishanu chisati chasvika (chaishandisa manhamba echiRoma), mavhezheni eDSM akaburitswa mumakore akatevera:

• DSM-I®: 1952
• DSM-II®: 1968
• DSM-III®: 1980 (Shanduro yakagadziriswazve, DSM-III-R®, yakaburitswa muna 1987)
• DSM-IV®: 1994 (Shanduro yakagadziridzwa yechinyorwa ichi, DSM-IV-TR®, yakaburitswa muna 2000)
• DSM-5®: 2013 (Rugwaro urwu ishanduro yakagadziridzwa, DSM-5-TR, yakaburitswa muna 2022)

Tingawanawo bhuku reDSM-5 here? Tingariwana kupi?

Ehe. DSM-5 inowanikwa kuti itengeke muzvitoro zvakawanda zvemabhuku uye online. Maraibhurari mazhinji everuzhinji anogonawo kunge aine kopi yebhuku iri (kunyange zvazvo raibhurari yako yemuno ingasakubvumidza kuenda naro kumba, wozongoritarisa muraibhurari).

Kunyangwe DSM-5 neDSM-5-TR zvichiwanikwa kune veruzhinji nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti bhuku iri rakanyorerwa nyanzvi dzezvekurapa. Saka, zviri mubhuku iri zvine hunyanzvi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvingaomera munhuwo zvake kunzwisisa bhuku iri.

IweUsamboshandisa `(DSM-5)` ​​​​kana `(DSM-5-TR)` kana chero bhuku ripi zvaro sechinotsiva kuona chiremba kana mupi wezano wehutano hwepfungwa . Izvi zvakafanana nekuzviitira oparesheni. Hazvina kunaka kuita izvozvo, handiti? Saka, zvakanaka kutsvaga kurapwa kubva kumupi wezano wehutano hwepfungwa akadzidziswa uye ane hunyanzvi.

DSM-5 ichiri kushandiswa here? Ndeipi vhezheni yazvino?

Ehe, ichiri kushandiswa. Asi ikozvino kune shanduro mbiri dzebhuku iri. APA yakaburitsa DSM-5 muna 2013. Muna 2022, APA yakaburitsa shanduro yakagadziridzwa inonzi DSM-5-TR. Shanduro itsva iyi inosanganisira zvizere shanduko itsva dzese uye zvichangobva kuitika mumunda wehutano hwepfungwa kubvira muna 2013. Saka, DSM-5-TR parizvino ndiyo yakakodzera, yazvino, uye yakarurama.

Pakati pevanopa hutano hwepfungwa, kunyanya vanachiremba vepfungwa nevanoongorora pfungwa, DSM-5-TR ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pakuongorora hutano hwepfungwa nezvirwere zvepfungwa. Kunyangwe yakaburitswa nesangano rekuAmerica, DSM-5 inyaya yakakosha kuvanachiremba pasi rese. Yakashandurirwa mumitauro inopfuura gumi nemisere.

Saka, chinhu chekupedzisira chekurangarira (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Zvakanaka, saka hezvino zvimwe zvinhu zvaunofanira kuyeuka kubva pane zvatataura nezvazvo:

• DSM-5 pamwe neyakagadziridzwa yazvino, DSM-5-TR, ibhuku redzidziso rakakosha kune nyanzvi dzehutano hwepfungwa.
• Kunyange zvazvo mabhuku aya achigona kutengwa kana kuwanikwa mumaraibhurari, anonyorerwa vanachiremba nenyanzvi, saka mutauro wavo une hunyanzvi hwakanyanya.
• Munhuwo zvake angafarira kuverenga bhuku iri, asi usamborishandisa kuzviongorora wega.
• Kana uchifunga kuti iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoda mungave nedambudziko rehutano hwepfungwa sezvakatsanangurwa mu (DSM-5), iva nechokwadi chekuona chiremba kana mupi wezano wehutano hwepfungwa .

Sezvausingazoendi kuna chiremba usina kuvhiyiwa wega, zvakachengeteka uye zvakakodzera nguva dzose kutsvaga rubatsiro kubva kune nyanzvi yakadzidziswa uye ine hunyanzvi kana zvasvika pamatambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa. Wanzwisisa here?

DSM -5, hutano hwepfungwa, kuongororwa, chirwere chepfungwa, APA, DSM-5-TR, psychiatry