Wakambozvibvunza here kana miviri yedu ichigara ichigadzira ropa idzva? Ehe, ichokwadi. Mukurapa, izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti hematopoiesis. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, iyi ndiyo nzira inoshamisa iyo miviri yedu inogadzira masero eropa, kana masero eropa. Kungofanana nekubvisa mota yekare nekutenga itsva, miviri yedu inogara ichibvisa masero eropa ekare uye kugadzira masero matsva eropa panzvimbo pawo. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo miviri yedu inoramba ichiwana ropa nguva dzose. Hazvishamisi here? Maitiro aya anotanga tisati tatombozvarwa uye anoenderera mberi muhupenyu hwedu hwese.
Chii chinonzi hematopoiesis? Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore...
Zvakanaka, ngationei zvinorehwa neshoko iri rekuti Hematopoiesis. Kunyangwe ringaita serisinganzwisisike, zvarinoreva zviri nyore kwazvo. Izwi iri rinobva mukubatanidzwa kwemashoko maviri anobva mumutauro wechiGiriki.
- 'Haîma' (Haima): Izvi zvinoreva 'ropa' kana ' ropa '.
- Poesis (poesis): Izvi zvinoreva 'kugadzira chimwe chinhu' kana 'kugadzira'.
Zvino kana mazwi maviri aya abatanidzwa, pfungwa yekuti
'kuumbwa kweropa' kana kuti
'kuburitswa kweropa' inouya. Zviri nyore kunzwisisa, handiti? Dzimwe nguva maitiro aya anonzi
hematopoiesis anonziwo hemopoiesis, hematogenesis, kana hemogenesis. Mazwi ese aya anoreva chinhu chimwe chete.
Ndeapi marudzi emasero eropa anogadzirwa ne hematopoiesis?
Ropa redu harina kuumbwa nemasero erudzi rumwe chete. Kungofanana nekudya kune marudzi akasiyana ezvekudya zvakaita semupunga, nyemba, nehove, ropa redu rinewo marudzi akasiyana emasero. Marudzi ese aya emasero eropa anogadzirwa kuburikidza nekuita kwe
hematopoiesis . Ngationei kuti chii.
Masero matsvuku eropa (Erythrocytes)
Aya ndiwo marudzi emasero akawanda muropa redu. Waizviziva here kuti basa guru remasero matsvuku eropa
kutakura okisijeni inopinda mumapapu patinofema kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzese nematishu mumuviri wese. Masero aya anoshanda setangi reokisijeni. Zvakare, aya masero matsvuku eropa anobatsira kudzosa carbon dioxide isingadiwe inogadzirwa mumuviri wedu kumapapu uye kuiburitsa patinoburitsa mweya. Maitiro ekugadzira masero matsvuku eropa anonzi
erythropoiesis .
Masero machena eropa (Leukocytes)
Masero machena eropa akafanana nevarindi vari mumiviri yedu. Seuto rinodzivirira nyika, masero aya
anotidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere nekurwisa utachiona, hwakadai semabhakitiriya nemavhairasi, anopinda mumiviri yedu. Kwete izvozvo chete, masero machena aya anobatsirawo kuparadza masero asina kujairika anokura mumiviri yedu, akadai semasero ekenza. Maitiro ekugadzirwa kwemasero machena eropa anonzi
Leukopoiesis. Hakuna rudzi rumwe chete rwemasero machena eropa, asi kune mhando huru dzinoverengeka: Pakati peizvi, ma neutrophils, basophils, uye eosinophils ane mabasa akafanana, saka pamwe chete anonzi ma granulocytes . Maplatelet (kana kuti Thrombocytes)
Maplatelet akafanana navanachiremba vadiki mumiviri yedu. Kana uine ronda diki wotanga kubuda ropa, maplatelet aya anobatsira kumisa kubuda ropa. Aya zvidimbu zvidiki zvemasero zvinonamira. Zvinoungana panzvimbo yeronda, zvoita gwamba, uye zvinovhara ronda. Zvakafanana nekuisa plaster. Ndokusaka ropa risingabudi mumiviri yedu zvisina kufanira. Maitiro ekugadzira maplatelet anonzi thrombopoiesis . Kuumbwa kweropa uku kunoitika kupi?
Mubvunzo unokosha zvikuru! Maitiro aya anoshamisa anonzi hematopoiesis anowanzoitika muchikamu chisina kusimba mukati memapfupa edu. Tinodana kuti bone marrow. Wakamboona chikamu chitsvuku chiri mukati memapfupa here paunodya huku? Ndizvo zvakaita bone marrow iyi. Kuumbwa kweropa nenzira iyi mukati mebone marrow kunonzi medullary hematopoiesis . Masero eropa anoumbwa nenzira iyi anobva afamba mumuviri wedu wese kuburikidza netsinga dzedu dzeropa. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva, kunyanya mune mamwe mamiriro ezvirwere, ropa rinogona kugadzirwa mune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri wedu kuwedzera kune bone marrow, semuenzaniso, munhengo dzakadai sechiropa nespleen . Kuumbwa kweropa kunze kwebone marrow nenzira iyi kunonzi extramedullary hematopoiesis . Pane shanduko diki panzvimbo panowanikwa ropa iri, tisati tazvarwa uye mushure mekuzvarwa. Usati wazvarwa
Ropa iri rinotanga kuumbwa tichiri mudumbu raamai vedu, kureva kuti, tiri mudumbu.- Chekutanga, mukati memavhiki matatu ekutanga epamuviri, rudzi rwemasero matsvuku eropa runotanga kuumbwa muchimiro chakakomberedza embryo chinonzi yolk sac . Aya masero matsvuku eropa atinoita sevanhu vakuru anotanga kukura zvishoma.
- Zvadaro, mwedzi miviri kusvika mitatu yekuzvitakura, masero matsvuku eropa nemaplatelet anotanga kuumbwa muchiropa nepaburi. Masero machena eropa anoumbwa muchiropa, paburi, nepaburi rethymus.
- Panosvika mwedzi wechishanu wepamuviri, ropa rakawanda rinogadzirwa mumongo wemapfupa. Zvisinei, mamwe marudzi emasero machena eropa anogadzirwawo mugland rethymus, spleen, nedzimwe lymph tissues.
Mushure mekuzvarwa
Mushure mekuzvarwa kwedu, kubva paucheche kusvika pakukura, ropa redu rakawanda rinogadzirwa mumongo wemapfupa. Zvisinei, rudzi rwakakosha rwemasero machena eropa anonzi malymphocytes anokurawo mugland redu rethymus. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe mamiriro ezvirwere, semuenzaniso, kana mongo wemapfupa usingakwanise kugadzira masero eropa nemazvo, muviri wedu unoedza kugadzira ropa zvakare munzvimbo dzakagadzirwa ropa tisati taberekwa, dzakadai sechiropa, spleen, kana lymph nodes. Izvi zvakafanana nenzira inoshandiswa panguva yekukurumidzira. Maitiro e hematopoiesis anoitika sei?
Iyi inzira yakaoma zvikuru, asi yakarongeka zvikuru. Ingofunga kuti masero eropa angangani akasiyana anogona kuumbwa kubva musero rimwe chete! Marudzi ese aya emasero eropa ane sero rekutanga, rakajairika. Tinoti iyi iseli re hematopoietic stem (HSC) . Izvi zvakaita se "master cell." Sero re HSC iri rinotanga kukura kuita sero rekutanga kana sero re "blast" . Sero iri rekutanga iseli riri munzira yekuva sero reropa chairo, asi harisati rakura zvakakwana. Sero iri rekutanga rinozobva rapatsanurwa nemamwe masero akawanda uye rinoshanduka risati rava sero reropa rakakura zvakakwana, rinoshanda. Kune zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru zve hematopoiesis, zvichibva pakuti marudzi matatu emasero eropa atakurukura kare anoumbwa sei:- Erythropoiesis: Kugadzirwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa.
- Leukopoiesis: Kugadzirwa kwemasero machena eropa.
- Thrombopoiesis: Kugadzirwa kwemaplatelet.
Nekuchinja uku kwese, stem cell iyoyo yekutanga (HSC) inova nyanzvi zvakanyanya. Kureva kuti, inorasikirwa nehunhu hwestem cell uye inowana hunhu hwered blood cell, white blood cell, kana platelet. Erythropoiesis (kuumbwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa)
Masero matsvuku eropa anogadzirwa mumongo wedu wemapfupa. Sero rekutanga reropa (HSC) rinotanga rava sero rekutanga rinonzi erythroblast . Iri erythroblast rinozopedzisira rava sero reropa dzvuku risati rakura rinonzi reticulocyte . Pakupedzisira, reticulocyte iyi inova sero reropa dzvuku rakakura zvakakwana uye rinoshanda. Magadzirirwo emasero machena eropa (Leukopoiesis)
Haasi masero machena ese anogadzirwa nenzira imwe chete. Ma granulocytes atakurukura kare - kureva, basophils, eosinophils, uye neutrophils - anogadzirwa nenzira yakasiyana zvishoma ne monocytes uye lymphocytes. Maitiro ekuumbwa kwegranulocytes
Mhando nhatu dzese dzemagranulocytes dzinogadzirwa mumongo wemapfupa. Kana sero rekutanga reropa (HSC) rikaramba richiagadzira, rinokura munzira inonzi myeloid cell line . Izwi rekuti "myeloid" rinoreva "hukama nemongo wemapfupa." Saka, masero aya anotumidzwa mazita nekuti anogadzirwa mumongo wemapfupa. Kuti agadzire granulocyte, sero reHSC rinotanga rava sero rekutanga rinonzi myeloblast . Iyi myeloblast inozova myelocyte , iyo inozopedzisira yasiyana kuita basophil, eosinophil, kana neutrophil. Magadzirirwo emasero e-mononuclear
Mamonocytes anogadzirwa mumongo wemapfupa. MaLymphocytes - kureva masero eB, masero eT uye masero ekuuraya echisikigo - anogadzirwa mumongo wemapfupa nedzimwe tsinga dzelymphoid, dzakadai sethymus gland. Semuenzaniso, malymphocytes anoumbwa mumongo wemapfupa achiri mudiki, uye anobva atamira kuthymus gland, uko anokura kuita masero eT.- Mamonocytes anokura kuburikidza nemutsara wemasero emyeloid: Nekuti anoumbwawo mumongo wemapfupa, anotanga kukura kuita sero rekutanga rinonzi monoblast , uye ipapo ndipo paanova mamonocytes akasimba zvakakwana.
- MaLymphocyte anokura pamwe chete nemutsara wemasero elymphoid: nekuti anoumbwa mumatishu elymphoid, akadai sebone marrow nethymus gland. Nokudaro, masero eHSC anova malymphocyte anokura kuita masero eprecursor anonzi lymphoblasts . Aya ndiwo anozopedzisira asiyana kuita masero eT, B-cells, kana masero ekuuraya echisikigo.
Kuumbwa kwemaplatelet (Thrombopoiesis)
Kugadzirwa kwemaplatelet kunoitikawo mumongo wemapfupa. Pano, sero rekutanga reropa (HSC) rinotanga kukura kuita sero rekutanga rinonzi megakaryoblast . Megakaryoblast iyi inozokura kuita sero guru rinonzi megakaryocyte . Pakupedzisira, maplatelet anoumbwa kana zvikamu zvemegakaryocyte iyi zvikaputsika. Hazvishamisi here? Maitiro aya e hematopoiesis anotora nguva yakareba sei?
Kutaura zvazviri, mwero wekugadzirwa kwemasero eropa unoenderana nezvinodiwa nemuviri wako. Semuenzaniso, kana ukarwara, muviri wako unowedzera kugadzirwa kwemasero machena eropa kurwisa utachiona. Kazhinji, maitiro e hematopoiesis anoitika nguva dzose, nekuti masero eropa anewo hupenyu hwakati. Kana sero rimwe reropa rikafa, muviri une hutano unogadzira rimwe idzva kuti rimutsive. Avhareji yehupenyu hwemasero eropa ndeiyi inotevera:- Masero matsvuku eropa: Anorarama kwemazuva angangoita zana nemakumi maviri.
- Masero machena eropa: Anorarama kubva pamaawa mashoma kusvika kumazuva mashoma.
- Maplatelet: Anorarama pakati pemazuva mashanu kusvika mapfumbamwe.
Saka, muviri wedu unoramba uchibvisa masero aya ekare woramba uchigadzira matsva.
Ko kana paine dambudziko nemaitiro e hematopoiesis?
Miviri yedu inokwanisa kudzora kugadzirwa kwemasero aya eropa, zvichireva kuti tine huwandu hwakakwana hwemasero eropa. Zvisinei, mamwe mamiriro ehutano anogona kukanganisa maitiro aya e hematopoiesis. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kugadzirwa kwemasero eropa mashoma kana kuwanda. Kana huwandu hwemasero eropa hukachinja zvisina kujairika nenzira iyi, zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana uye mamiriro ehutano zvinogona kuitika.- Matambudziko nemasero matsvuku eropa:
- Kana huwandu hwemasero matsvuku eropa rako hukadzikira, zvinonzi anemia . Unganzwa kuneta uye kushaya simba nekuti nhengo dzemuviri wako hadziwani oxygen yakakwana.
- Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemasero matsvuku eropa kunonzi erythrocytosis . Muzviitiko zvisina kusimba, izvi zvinogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvisingafadzi. Zvisinei, muzviitiko zvakakomba, kuwedzera kwemasero matsvuku eropa kunogona kukonzera kukora kweropa, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekurwara nemwoyo kana sitiroko.
- Matambudziko ane chekuita nemasero machena eropa:
- Kana huwandu hwemasero machena eropa rako hukadzikira, inonzi leukopenia . Izvi zvinowedzera njodzi yako yekubatwa nezvirwere.
- Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemasero machena eropa kunonzi leukocytosis . Izvi zvinowanzova chiratidzo chehutachiona. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva kuwanda kwemasero machena eropa kunogona kuva chiratidzo chechirwere cheropa kana kenza.
- Matambudziko ane chekuita nemaplatelet:
- Kuwanda kwemaplatelet mumuviri kunonzi thrombocytopenia . Dambudziko iri rinogona kukonzera kubuda ropa zviri nyore uye mavanga zviri nyore.
- Kana huwandu hwemaplatelet hukawedzera, zvinonzi thrombocytosis . Izvi zvinowedzera njodzi yekuumbwa kweropa rakakomba.
Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinokanganisa maitiro e hematopoiesis?
Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro e hematopoiesis. Zvimwe zvacho zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro isina kusimba, nepo zvimwe zvichigona kuva zvakakomba. Semuenzaniso, sezvatinokura, mafuta anogona kuungana mumongo wedu wemapfupa, izvo zvinoderedza kugona kugadzira ropa. Zvirwere zvine chekuita neropa uye kenza yeropa , senge leukemia, lymphoma, uye myeloma, zvinogonawo kukanganisa kugadzirwa kwemasero eropa. Zvirwere izvi zvinokonzera kugadzirwa kwakawandisa kwemasero eropa asina kujairika, ane chirwere. Chimwe chinhu ndechekuti mimwe mishonga inogona kukanganisa maitiro e hematopoiesis, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu hwemasero eropa. Semuenzaniso, chemotherapy, iyo inoshandiswa kuparadza masero ekenza, inogona kukonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu hwemasero machena eropa. Izvi zvinonzi neutropenia . Saka, mimwe mishonga inogonawo kukonzera kudzikira kwemasero eropa semhedzisiro. Chinhu chakakosha chatinofanira kukurukura kubva munyaya iyi (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)
Zvakanaka, saka ikozvino wava kunzwisisa kuti iyi hematopoiesis, maitiro ekuumbwa kweropa atataura nezvawo nhasi, chinhu chinoitika nguva dzose, chimwe chinhu chakakosha kuti tive nehupenyu hwakanaka uye tirarame. Kuwanikwa kweropa uku kwakakosha zvikuru pakupa okisijeni kunhengo dzemuviri wedu uye kutidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere. Rangarirai kuti maitiro aya anowanzoitika mukati memapfupa edu. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa hutano hwedu zvinogonawo kukanganisa kugona kwedu kugadzira ropa.
Saka, kuchengetedza hutano hwedu nekudya chikafu chakakwana, kurovedza muviri, uye kutevedzera mazano echiremba zvichabatsira kuchengetedza maitiro aya anoshamisa ekubvisa ropa mumuviri zvakanaka. Kana uine mimwe mibvunzo nezveizvi, usatya kutaura nachiremba.
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