Ndiani uyu nyanzvi yezvekurapa chirwere chepfungwa? Ngatikurukurei izvi zvakadzama!

Wakambonzwa nezve 'Forensic Pathologist ' here? Pamwe wakamboona zita iri pachirongwa chekuferefeta mhosva paterevhizheni kana mupepanhau. Vanhu ava ndivanaani? Basa ravo rinokosha nderei? Nhasi tichataura nezveizvi zvese nenzira iri nyore, sekunge tiri kutaura neshamwari.

Ndiani uyu nyanzvi yezvekurapa chirwere chepfungwa?

Muchidimbu, nyanzvi yezvekufa kwemunhu inyanzvi yezvekufa kwemunhu. Asi chiremba uyu haasi munhu anongorapa zvirwere chete. Basa ravo guru nderekuferefeta zvakakwana rufu rusingatarisirwi, runofungidzirwa, rusina kujairika, kana rwechisimba. Fungidzira, kana mumwe munhu akafa kamwe kamwe uye chikonzero chacho chisina kujeka, kana kana paine fungidziro yekuti yaive mhosva, ndipo panodiwa rubatsiro rwenyanzvi yezvekufa kwemunhu uyu.

Unoziva here kuti vanhu ava vanoita sei bvunzo idzi? Kazhinji , vanoita ongororo yechitunha. Kureva kuti, vanoongorora chitunha chemufi nekurapwa vowana chikonzero cherufu uye kuti chakaitika sei. Saka basa revanhu ava rine chekuita zvakanyanya nekurapa pamwe nemutemo.

Saka, chii chinonzi "Pathology" uye "Forensics"?

Ngatinzwisisei mazwi maviri aya zvishoma.

"Pathology" ibazi rezvekurapa rakasiyana. Rinosanganisira kutora sampuli dzenyama yemuviri wodziisa muongororo dzemurabhoritari kuti uongorore zvirwere kana kuwana ruzivo rwekutsvaga ruzivo . Semuenzaniso, kana uine chirwere chakati, chiremba anotora chidimbu chidiki chenyama kubva kwauri (biopsy) ochitumira kunoongororwa, handiti? Ndizvo zvinoreva pathology.

Izwi rekuti "Forensic" rinoreva "zvine chekuita nenzira dzesainzi dzekugadzirisa mhosva." Zvisinei, harisi rufu rwese rwunoongororwa nenyanzvi yezvekurapa runofanira kunge rwuri mhosva. Dzimwe nguva mumwe munhu anofa netsaona kana chirwere chisina kuzivikanwa. Vanhu ava vanobatsira kutsanangura zvese izvozvo.

Ndedzipi nzvimbo idzo nyanzvi yezvekurapa inonyatsoziva nezve forensic pathologist?

Vanachiremba ava vane ruzivo rwakasiyana nerwenyanzvi kupfuura rwevanachiremba vakajairika. Dzimwe dzenzvimbo huru dzehunyanzvi dzinosanganisira:

• Kurapa Zvine Chepfu: Bazi iri remishonga rinoongorora mhando dzechepfu, kuti dzinokanganisa sei muviri, uye kuti dzinozivikanwa sei . Semuenzaniso, chepfu dzinokonzerwa nemagasi akadai secarbon monoxide, kurumwa nenyoka, kurumwa nezvipembenene, uye zvinodhaka zvakaita seopioids kana kunwa doro zvakanyanya zviri kuongororwa munyaya iyi.

• Kudzidza mabara nekukuvara kwaanokonzera (maronda eBallistics neBallistics): Munyaya iyiInodzidza kufamba kwezvinhu zvakaita semabara uye mhedzisiro yazvo pamuviri . Nekuongorora maronda emunhu akapfurwa, unogona kuwana zvinhu zvakawanda, zvakaita serudzi rwepfuti yaakapfurwa uye kuti akapfurwa kure zvakadii.

• Uchapupu hwekutevera: Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru. Zvinoreva zvinhu zvidiki zvinosara kana zvinhu zviviri kana vanhu vaviri vasangana . Semuenzaniso, shinda dziri pazvipfeko, mvura yemuviri, zvasara zveupfu hwepfuti, bvudzi, zvigunwe, nezvimwewo. Zvinhu zvidiki izvi zvinogona kubatsira kugadzirisa kunyange mhosva huru.

• Serology: Izvi zvinosanganisira kuongorora ropa nedzimwe mvura dzemuviri uchishandisa maikorosikopu, kana kushandisa michina yakakosha (analyzers) kuita bvunzo dzakasiyana-siyana pasampuli idzi. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuona rudzi rweropa uye kana paine zvimwe zvirwere.

• Tekinoroji yeDNA: Pamwe wakambonzwa nezveDNA. Inosanganisira kudzidza zvinhu zvemajini (DNA) uye kuishandisa mukuferefeta mhosva. Semuenzaniso, bvunzo dzeDNA dzinoshandiswa kuenzanisa sampuro yeDNA inowanikwa panzvimbo yemhosva neDNA yemunhu anofungidzirwa, kana kusimbisa hunhu hwemunhu akafa.

Chii chaizvo chinoitwa nenyanzvi yezvekurapa chirwere chepfungwa?

Ngatitarisei mabasa avo makuru. Kana munhu akafa asingatarisirwi kana nechisimba, basa rake guru nderekuona chikonzero cherufu, nguva yerufu, uye mafiro aakaita (kureva, kungave kuri kuponda, kuzviuraya, tsaona, rufu rwechisikigo, kana chimwe chinhu chisinganyatsoonekwi).

Kuti aite izvi, nyanzvi yezvekurapa inotevera matanho anotevera:

1. Kusimbisa hunhu hwemushakabvu kana kuunganidza ruzivo rwakakosha kuti usimbise hunhu hwemushakabvu: Dzimwe nguva pane dzimwe nguva pazvinonetsa kuziva kuti mushakabvu ndiani. Panguva iyoyo, vanhu ava vanobatsira mukuwana hunhu hwavo vachishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzesainzi.

2. Kudzidza nhoroondo yezvekurapwa kwemufi: Izvi zvinoreva kutarisa zvirwere zvemufi nemishonga yake yekare, sezvo izvi dzimwe nguva zvichigona kukanganisa rufu.

3. Kana iri mhosva, ongorora humbowo huri panzvimbo yemhosva maererano nerufu: Vanhu ava vanoongorora kuti rufu rwacho rwakabatana sei nehumbowo hwakaunganidzwa nemapurisa.

4. Kuongororwa kwechitunha kuti pave nehumbowo hwekukuvara kana kurwara: Ichi ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kuzivikanwa nevanhu vazhinji. Muviri unoongororwa, kukuvara kwemukati, zviratidzo,Zvinhu zvakadaro zvinowanikwa. Uchapupu uhwu hunofanira kunyorwa nokungwarira, nekuti huchava hwakakosha zvikuru mudare gare gare.

5. Kuunganidza nekuongorora humbowo hwemuviri: Zvinhu zvatakambotaura nezvazvo kare, zvakaita seshinda nebvudzi, zvinounganidzwa panguva ino zvoendeswa kunoongororwa.

Mushure mekunge bvunzo idzi dzese dzapera, nyanzvi yezvekufa inogadzirira mushumo wakanyorwa uchitsanangura chikonzero, nguva, uye rudzi rwerufu . Vangangodiwawo kuti vapupurire nezvezvakawanikwa izvi sechapupu chenyanzvi mudare, kana zvichidikanwa.

Zvakakosha: Nyanzvi dzezvekurapa dzinoongorora varwere vapenyu vakashungurudzwa pabonde kana kushungurudzwa panyama.

Vanoongorora mafambiro ezvirwere ava vanoshanda kupi?

Kazhinji, nyanzvi dzezvekufa dzinoshanda mumahofisi eMedical Examiner kana Coroner pasi pekanzuru yemuguta kana yedunhu. Kureva, mumasangano ehurumende. Pamusoro pezvo, vamwe vanopa mabasa ekuongorora mushure mekufa muzvipatara, muzvikoro zvekurapa, kana kuburikidza nemasangano akazvimirira kumagweta nemhuri.

Vanhu ava vanopedza nguva yavo yakawanda vari mumochari vachiita bvunzo dzemuviri mushure mekufa kana murabhoritari vachiongorora matishu. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva vanofanirwa kuenda kunzvimbo yakafira munhu kuti vashande nemapurisa anoferefeta.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peForensic Pathologist, Coroner, uye Medical Examiner?

Mazita matatu aya anogona kuvhiringa zvishoma. Ngationei kuti anorevei.

• Forensic Pathology ibazi rezvekurapa. Kureva kuti, forensic pathologist munhu ane dhigirii rezvekurapa uye akadzidziswa basa rake.
• "Medical Examiner" ibasa rinowanzopihwa nyanzvi yezvekurapa inoshandira hurumende. Kureva kuti, nyanzvi yezvekurapa ingangove nyanzvi yezvekurapa inoongorora nyaya dzekurapa.
• "Coroner" igurukota rehurumende rakagadzwa kana kuti rakasarudzwa rinosimbisa chikonzero cherufu. Coroner kazhinji havasi vanachiremba. Saka, vanowanzo shanda pamwe chete nenyanzvi yezvekurapa. Unogona kuona maitiro aya muSri Lanka zvakare.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, nyanzvi yezvekurapa munhu ane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwekurapa. Zvimwe zviviri zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemutemo wedzimwe nyika.

Unova sei nyanzvi yezvekurapa chirwere chepfungwa?

Rwendo urwu harusi nyore. Kuva nyanzvi yezvekurapa kunoda kushanda nesimba uye kudzidza zvakawanda. Nzira yakajairika yekutevera ndeiyi:

1. Pedzisa dzidzo yepre-medical kuyunivhesiti wowana dhigirii.

2. Nyorera muchikoro chekurapa uye upedze dhigirii rezvekurapa (`MD - Chiremba weMishonga` kana `DO - Chiremba weMishonga yeOsteopathic`).Izvi zvakaenzana nedhigirii re `MBBS' muSri Lanka.

3. Kupedza makore matatu ekudzidziswa kwezvekurapa mushure mekudzidza (`chirongwa chekudzidziswa kwekugara`). Izvi zvinosanganisira zvese zvikamu zveAnatomical Pathology neClinical Pathology.

4. Kupasa bvunzo dzebhodhi renyanzvi. Semuenzaniso, muUnited States, unofanirwa kuwana chitupa ichi kubva kusangano rakaita seAmerican Board of Pathology.

5. Wobva wapedza kudzidziswa kwakakosha kweFellowship muForensic Pathology. Iri ndiro danho repamusoro rekudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi muchikamu ichi.

Unoona, iyi inzira yakareba yekudzidzisa nekudzidzisa. Mwoyo murefu, kuzvipira, uye kufarira zvakanyanya chidzidzo ichi zvakakosha.

Rwendo urwu runotora nguva yakareba sei?

Paavhareji, zvinotora makore angangoita gumi nematatu kuti uve nyanzvi yezvekurapa. Izvi zvinosanganisira dzidzo yepamberi pekurapa, chikoro chekurapa, kudzidziswa kwekugara, uye kudzidziswa kwekudyidzana. Saka kuzvipira kukuru.

Pakupedzisira, zvekurangarira (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Nyanzvi dzezvekurapa dzinoongorora nyaya dzezvekufa (forensic pathologists) iboka renyanzvi dzezvekurapa dzinoita basa rakakosha zvikuru muchivande. Kana rufu rusingatarisirwi kana rusingafungidzirwe rukaitika, ruzivo rwavo nehunyanzvi hwavo zvakakosha pakuona chikonzero chaicho uye kuona kuti kururamisira kwaitwa. Kunyangwe dzimwe nguva tisinganzwe zvakawanda nezvevanhu ava, mupiro wavo mukuita kururamisira munharaunda unokosha zvikuru.

Ingofungai, kana munhu akafa netsaona, mhosva, kana chimwe chikonzero, mibvunzo mingani yemhuri inova nayo? "Sei izvi zvakaitika?", "Ndiani ane mhosva yeizvi?" Zvinhu zvakaita seizvozvo. Nyanzvi dzezvekurapa dzinoita basa rakanaka rekupa mhinduro dzesainzi kumibvunzo iyoyo, uye pamwe kupa humbowo hunodiwa kuti munhu ane mhosva aendeswe kudare redzimhosva kana aripo.

Saka, nguva inotevera paunonzwa nezve "Forensic Pathologist", unobva wava kuziva kuti ndivanaani uye kuti vanopa rubatsiro rwakaita sei.

` Forensic Pathology, Pathologist, Kuongororwa kwechitunha, Kuongororwa kwemutumbi, DNA, Toxicology, Legal Doctor, Forensic Pathologist, Kuongororwa kwechitunha