Ngatingodzidzai nezvemagamba maviri madiki anovaka mapfupa edu: Osteoblasts uye Osteoclasts!

Wakambofunga nezvemapfupa ako here? Tinowanzoaona sezvinhu zvakasimba, zvisingachinji. Asi handizvo zvazviri. Mapfupa edu inhengo mhenyu , semimwe miviri yedu yese. Ungasafunga kudaro, asi anogara achikura, achiputsika, uye achitsiviwa, kwete kubva paudiki kusvika pakukura chete, asi kwehupenyu hwedu hwese! Mhando mbiri dzakakosha dzemasero anobatsira nebasa iri rinoshamisa dzinonzi `Osteoblasts` uye `Osteoclasts`. Ngatitaurei zvishoma nezveaya maviri nhasi, handiti?

Ndivanaani vanonzi 'Osteoblasts'? Vanoitei?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, 'Osteoblasts' ndiwo "Mason Jars" anovaka mapfupa edu. Dzimwe nguva anonziwo 'osteogenic cells'. Ndiwo anosimbisa mapfupa edu, uye ndiwo anogadzira mapfupa matsva. 'Osteoblasts' dzine mabasa matatu makuru:

• Kuvaka mapfupa matsva (kuumbwa kwemapfupa ).
• Sezvatinokura, ndiko kuti, sezvatinokura kubva paudiki kusvika pakuva vanhu vakuru, mapfupa edu anochinja kuti akwane chimiro chemuviri wedu, nzira inonzi `kugadzirisa zvinhu'.
• Kuporesa mapfupa kana atyoka, atyoka, kana kuti akuvara .

Fungidzira, kana rimwe remapfupa edu richida kukura, kuchinja neimwe nzira, kana kupora mushure mekutyoka, masero aya e'Osteoblasts' anokurudzirwa nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana emakemikari mukati memuviri wedu, kana ne'mahormone'. Zvadaro masero aya e'Osteoblasts' anosangana pamwe chete ogadzira nekuburitsa musanganiswa unonzi 'bone matrix' . Iyi 'bone matrix' inoumbwa ne'proteins' dzakadai se'collagen' ne'calcium' ne'phosphate', izvo zviri zvicherwa zvakakosha kumapfupa edu. Basa iri rakafanana nemunhu anodurura 'concrete' paanenge achivaka mugwagwa. Anogona kuvaka mugwagwa mutsva. Kana kuti anogona kushandisa 'concrete' iyoyo kuzadza mitswe nemaburi mumugwagwa wekare. Saizvozvowo, 'Osteoblasts', 'Masons', vanoshandisa iyi 'bone matrix' 'concrete' kuvaka mapfupa matsva, kusimbisa ekare, uye kuporesa akatyoka. Mushure mekunge mapfupa matsva agadzirwa nenzira iyi, mamwe masero e'Osteoblasts' anova chikamu chemapfupa matsva iwayo. Anobva anzi 'Osteocytes' . Zvikasadaro, kana mabasa avo asingachadiwi, masero iwayo anofa.

Ngatidzidzei zvishoma nezveaya anonzi 'Osteocytes'?

Maosteocyte akafanana ne "varindi vekuchengetedza" vari mukati memapfupa edu.Sezvakaita. Mapfupa edu anowanzoumbwa nemasero aya e'Osteocytes'. Anogara achitarisa kuti rudzii rwekumanikidzwa kana kumanikidzwa kuri kuiswa pamapfupa edu. Patinofamba, kumhanya, kana kusimudza chimwe chinhu, kunyangwe paine kukanganiswa kukuru sekutyoka kwepfupa, aya 'Osteocytes' anonzwa. Panguva iyoyo, ndiwo anotumira zviratidzo ku'Osteoblasts' (avo vanovaka) uye 'Osteoclasts' (avo vanotyoka - tichataura nezvazvo gare gare) vachiti, "Heino dambudziko, huyai murigadzirise." Semuenzaniso, kana pfupa rakatsemuka kana kutyoka, 'Osteocytes' ndiwo anokurumidza kuunza mamwe masero munzvimbo iyoyo, kubvisa zvidimbu zvakatyoka, uye kubatsira kuvaka pfupa idzva nekuriporesa.

Saka `Osteoclasts` imhandoi yemasero?

MaOsteoclast ndiwo "boka rekuchenesa" rinonyungudutsa nekubvisa masero ekare, akakuvara kubva mumapfupa edu. Zvakafanana neboka revanoparadza. Ndivo vanogadzira nzira yekuti maosteoblasts avake mapfupa matsva.

Nzira iri nyore yekurangarira ndeyekuti: `Blasts` yakafanana ne`Builders`, `Clasts` yakafanana ne`Cleaners`.

MaOsteoclast anoburitsa maenzymes akakosha. Maenzyme aya anonyungudutsa nekupwanya pfupa rekare. Anokonzera maitiro emakemikari pamusoro penyama yemapfupa ekare, achinyungudutsa zvidimbu izvozvo uye achigadzira nzira yekuti nyama itsva, yakasimba iumbwe. Asi maosteoclast paanonyungudutsa mapfupa, hazvina kufanana neacid inodya chidimbu chesimbi sezviri mucartoon. Maitiro aya anodzorwa uye akanyatsojeka . MaOsteoclast anonyungudutsa chete nzvimbo dzakanyorwa ne osteocytes (mapurisa ekuchengetedza) dzambotaurwa kuti "ndipo patinofanira kuibvisa." Maenzyme anoburitswa nemaosteoclast anopwanya matrix yemapfupa akasimba uye anotorazve zviri mukati mawo. Zvadaro, makomba madiki anoumbwa pamusoro pepfupa. Kana makomba iwayo angoumbwa, maosteoblast (vavaki) anopinda uye anozadza mipata nepfupa idzva. Zvakafanana nekushanda pamwe chete!

Masero aya e'Osteoblasts' ne'Osteoclasts' akaita sei?

Masero ese aya madiki zvikuru uye anowanikwa muchikamu chekunze ('bone lining') chemapfupa edu uye mukati memapfupa pachawo.

• MaOsteoblasts anowanzova masero madiki, akaita secube.
• MaOsteoclast akakura zvishoma pane masero emapfupa. Akaita sedenderedzwa, akaita sedome muchimiro.

Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinowanzo kanganisa mashandiro emasero aya?

Maosteoblasts nemaosteoclasts zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha zvemapfupa edu. Saka, chero chirwere chipi zvacho chinokanganisa mapfupa edu chinogonawo kukanganisa mashandiro emasero aya. Heano mamwe ematambudziko makuru anodzivirira mapfupa edu kuvaka nekuchengetedza simba:

• Osteoporosis - Apa ndipo apo mapfupa anotetepa, anoshaya simba, uye anotyoka nyore nyore.
• Osteopenia - Izvi zvinotangira osteoporosis. Kuwanda kwemapfupa kunotanga kudzikira.
• Hyperparathyroidism - Kugadzirwa kwakanyanya kwemahormone neparathyroid glands, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwecalcium kubva mumapfupa.
• `Chirwere chePaget chepfupa (osteitis deformans)` - Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, maitiro ekugadzirisa mapfupa anokanganiswa, zvichiita kuti mapfupa asave nesimba uye aremare.

Pane here bvunzo dzakakosha dzekutsvaga nezvemasero aya?

Kazhinji hapana bvunzo dzakatarwa dzekutarisa kuti maosteoblast ako kana maosteoclast ari kushanda zvakanaka sei. Vanachiremba vanowanzoongorora hutano hwepfupa rese, pane kutarisa masero chaiwo. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva, bvunzo dzeropa (marabhoritari) dzinogona kuitwa kuti dzione kuti maosteoclast ako ari kushanda zvakanaka sei kana kuti dzibatsire kuona chirwere chakadai se osteoporosis. Heano mimwe miedzo yakajairika yekutarisa hutano hwemapfupa ako:

• Kuongororwa kwehuwandu hwemapfupa (DXA scan) : Izvi zvinoshandisa X-rays shoma kuti zvionekwe kuti mapfupa ako akasimba zvakadii. Zvinogona kubatsira kuona kana mapfupa ako ari kutetepa sezvaunokura, kana kuti kana uine zviratidzo zve osteopenia kana osteoporosis.
• Kuongororwa kweVitamin D (` Vitamin D 25-hydroxy test`) : Kunoongorora kana uri kuwana `Vitamin D` yakakwana.
• Kuongororwa kwecalcium : Izvi zvinoongorora huwandu hwecalcium muropa rako, uye zvinogonawo kuona kuti calcium yakawanda sei iri muweti yako yemaawa makumi maviri nemana.
• Kuongororwa kwe `Intact parathyroid hormone (IPTH)` : Kunoongorora huwandu hwemahormone eparathyroid.
• Kuongororwa kweCreatinine : Izvi zvinoongorora kana itsvo dzako dziri kushanda nemazvo.

Chii chatinofanira kuita kuti mapfupa edu arambe akasimba?

Pane zvinhu zvakati wandei zvaunogona kuita kuti mapfupa ako arambe akasimba uye ane hutano. Heano zvimwe zvinhu zvaunogona kuita:

• Idya chikafu chinovaka muviri , kunyanya chikafu chine calcium yakawanda nevhitamini D.
• Ita maekisesaizi anorema . Kureva kuti, maekisesaizi anorema mapfupa ako, akadai sekufamba , kumhanya, uye kukwira masitepisi.
• Usasvuta zvachose . Kusvuta kunokuvadza mapfupa zvakanyanya.
• Wana calcium nevhitamini D yakakwana.Chenjerera kana uri kuwana zvakakwana. Kana zvichidikanwa, tora mishonga yekuwedzera uchitungamirirwa nachiremba.
• Ongororwa nachiremba nguva dzose . Kana uchinzwa kurwara kana kuchinja, enda kuna chiremba nekukasika.

Chii chiri musiyano pakati pe "Osteoblasts" ne "Osteocytes"?

Ma 'Osteoblasts' ne 'Osteocytes' ese ari maviri masero anobatsira kuvaka nekuchengetedza mapfupa edu. Asi pane musiyano mudiki.

• MaOsteoblast ndiwo masero anovaka mapfupa matsva, anokura mapfupa aripo, uye anoagadzirisa. Ndiwo anoburitsa matrix yemapfupa uye anovaka tishu itsva.
• Maosteocytes masero anowanikwa mukati memapfupa akura . Ndiwo anonzwa kumanikidzwa uye kushushikana pamapfupa uye anotumira zviratidzo kuosteoblasts neosteoclasts, achiti, "Pane dambudziko pano, rinofanira kugadziriswa."

Pakupedzisira, zvekurangarira (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Iye zvino wava kunzwisisa kuti masero maviri madiki aya anonzi `Osteoblasts` uye `Osteoclasts` ane simba guru pahutano hwemapfupa edu. Anoshanda pamwe chete nguva dzose, achibatsira mapfupa edu kukura, kuvandudzwa, uye kuramba akasimba. Semagamba asingaimbwe.

Zvakakosha zvikuru kuvanhu vane makore anopfuura makumi matanhatu nemashanu ekuberekwa, vakadzi vakamboenda kumwedzi, uye avo vane zvirwere zvisingaperi kuti vatsvage mazano echiremba uye vaongororwe nachiremba nguva nenguva. Izvi zvinoita kuti vanachiremba vakwanise kutarisa hutano hwemapfupa ako uye kuona zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekurasikirwa nemapfupa kana osteoporosis.

Saka, chengetedzawo mapfupa ako. Kudya zvakanaka, kurovedza muviri, uye kurarama hupenyu hune hutano ndizvo zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha!