Ngatidzidzei nezvezvirwere zvinotsanangura AIDS.

Unoyeuka here, dzimwe nguva patinorwara tisingatarisiri, tinoshamisika kuti, "Chirwere ichi chakabva kupi?" Kunyanya kana dziviriro yemuviri yakaderera, zvirwere zvinoedza kupinda mumuviri zviri nyore. Nhasi tichataura nezvezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kumuka kana tabatwa nehutachiona hunonzi `HIV` (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) uye mamiriro acho anotowedzera kuipa, ndiko kuti, vamwe pavanoti hwasvika padanho reAIDS. Izvi ndizvo zvinonzi navanachiremba `AIDS-Defining Illnesses (ADIs)`. Izvi zvakafanana nemwenje mitsvuku, zvichiratidza kuti masoja edu emuviri apera simba nekuda kwehutachiona hwe`HIV` mumuviri wedu.

Ndezvipi zvirwere izvi zvinotsanangura AIDS (ADIs)?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, aya ma "ADI" ikenza nezvirwere zvinowira muchikamu che "Opportunistic Infections" zvinogona kuitika kana hutachiona hwe "HIV" hwava hwakanyanya, kureva kuti, apo masoja emuviri wedu anoshaya simba.

Unoziva here kuti "zvirwere zvinongoerekana zvabuda" chii? Fungidzira uchisiya magonhi nemahwindo ese emba yako akavhurika uye pasina kuchengetedzeka. Ipapo chero munhu anogona kupinda zviri nyore. Ndizvo zvazviri, kana masoja emuviri wedu akadzikiswa simba ne'HIV', kunyangwe utachiona hudiki husingawanzo kukonzera chirwere mumunhu ane hutano hunowana mukana wekupinda mumuviri uye kukonzera zvirwere zvikuru. Ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti 'zvirwere zvinongoerekana zvabuda'. Utachiona uhu hunowanzo kuwanikwa munzvimbo yatinogara, asi masoja emuviri emunhu ane hutano anohurwisa uye anohudzora.

Vanachiremba vanoshandisa huwandu hwemasero eCD4 neADI idzi kuyera kuoma kwehutachiona hweHIV, kureva kuti, hwakapararira kusvika papi uye kuti hwakanyanya sei. Masero eCD4 aya chikamu chakakosha chemuviri wedu wekudzivirira muviri, semapurisa chaiwo mumiviri yedu. Virusi reHIV rinoparadza masero aya eCD4. Saka, kana uine HIV uye uine aya maADI, vanachiremba vanoti ichi chikamu chechitatu chehutachiona hweHIV, iyo iAIDS.

Dzimwe nguva, munhu paanobatwa ne "ADI" ndipo paanoonekwa aine "HIV". Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti havasi vese vane "ADI" vane "HIV". Kunyange hazvo mamwe ma "ADI" achinyanya kuwanikwa nevanhu vane "HIV" kana avo vane masoja ekudzivirira muviri asina simba, ma "ADI" mazhinji anogonawo kuitika kuvanhu vane hutano hwakanaka vasina chirwere chiripo. Saka, nzira yakanakisisa yekuziva chokwadi ndeyekuongororwa nachiremba.

Ndeapi marudzi ezvirwere zvinotsanangura AIDS (ADIs)?

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dze "ADIs" idzi. Dzinonyanya kusanganisira zvirwere zvinotapukira (fungus, bacteria, parasitic, viral infections), dzimwe mhando dzekenza, uye dzimwe zvirwere zvine chekuita netsinga. Ngationei kuti chii.

Utachiona hwefungus

Kana masoja emuviri wako asina simba, hutachiona hwefungus hunogona kupararira mumuviri wako wese zviri nyore. Zvimwe zvacho zvinosanganisira:

• Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP): Uku kutapukira kwakakomba kwemapapu.
• Candidiasis yebronchi, esophagus, trachea, kana mapapu
• Coccidioidomycosis - inoparadzirwa/inobva kunze kwemapapu
• Cryptosporidiosis isingaperi yemudumbu inogara kwenguva inopfuura mwedzi
• Cryptococcosis - kunze kwemapapu
• Histoplasmosis - yakapararira/kunze kwemapapu

Chimbofungai, kana masoja edu ekudzivirira muviri akasimba, howa idzi hadzina zvakawanda zvadzinogona kuita. Asi masoja edu ekudzivirira muviri paanopera simba neHIV, anotanga kukonzera matambudziko.

Utachiona hweMabhakitiriya

Mabhakitiriya anogonawo kukonzera hutachiona hwakasiyana-siyana. Humwe hutachiona hwebhakitiriya hunoonekwa se "ADIs" ndehu:

• Chirwere cheTuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) kuvanhu vane makore matanhatu zvichikwira: Ichi chirwere chakambonzwikwa nevanhu vazhinji, uye chinogona kukanganisa mapapu pamwe nedzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.
• Zvimwe zvirwere zveMycobacterium zvakapararira kunze kwemapapu: Mienzaniso inosanganisira Mycobacterium kansasii uye Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC).
• Kurwara nemabhakitiriya kunoitika kakawanda muvana vari pasi pemakore matanhatu.
• Recurrent nontyphoid Salmonella septicemia: Muizvi, utachiona hweSalmonella hunopinda muropa uye hunopararira mumuviri wese.

Utachiona hweParasitic

Zvipembenene zvinogonawo kukonzera `ADIs`. Mienzaniso:

• Toxoplasmosis muuropi: Zvisinei, izvi hazvishande kuvana vari pasi pemwedzi mumwe chete.
• Cystoisosporiasis isingaperi yemudumbu inogara kwenguva inopfuura mwedzi

Utachiona hwehutachiona

HIV ihutachiona zvakare. Uyewo, kana masoja emuviri asina simba, zviri nyore kuti mamwe mavhairasi arwise.

• Herpes simplex bronchitis, pneumonitis, kana esophagitis: Izvi hazvishandewo kuvana vari pasi pemwedzi mumwe chete.
• Maronda eHerpes simplex anogara kwemwedzi unopfuura
• Chirwere cheCytomegalovirus: Munhengo dzisiri dzechiropa, spleen, kana lymph nodes (semuenzaniso, cytomegalovirus retinitis - inokanganisa maziso). Izvi hazvishandewo kuvana vari pasi pemwedzi mumwe chete.
• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML): Ichi chirwere chisingawanzoitiki asi chakakomba chinokanganisa uropi.

Gomarara

Kana masero edu eT (masero eCD4 ariwo rudzi rwemasero eT) adzikira, njodzi yekubatwa nekenza inokonzerwa nemavhairasi kana kenza inokanganisa masoja emuviri inowedzera. Mhando dzekenza dzinoonekwa seADIs muvanhu vane HIV:

• Kaposi sarcoma: Kenza inogona kuitika munzvimbo dzakadai seganda, lymph nodes, uye muromo.
• Burkitt lymphoma
• Kenza yemuromo wechibereko inopararira
• Immunoblastic lymphoma
• Lymphoma yepfungwa huru

Mamwe Mamiriro Ezvinhu

Pamusoro peizvi, mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu akawanda anozivikanwawo se `ADIs`:

• Mapundu anodzokororwa: Kune vakuru nevana vane makore anopfuura matanhatu ekuberekwa. Mapundu chirwere chemapapu chinokonzerwa nemavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, kana fungi.
• HIV encephalopathy: Muizvi, hutachiona hweHIV hunokanganisa mashandiro ehuropi.
• Chirwere chekurasikirwa neHIV: Izvi zvinoita kuti muviri utete uye ushaye simba.

Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinonyanya kutsanangura AIDS (ADIs)?

Hazvisi zvese izvi zvinoitika kune wese munhu. Zvisinei, mamwe e "ADIs" akajairika ndeaya:

• Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
• Kaposi sarcoma
• Chirwere chekurasikirwa neHIV
• Candidiasis yemudumbu
• Utachiona hweMycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
• Tibhii

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvezvirwere izvi?

Zviratidzo zve `ADIs` zvinosiyana zvichienderana nechirwere. Zvisinei, hutachiona hwakawanda hune zvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana:

• Kupindwa nechando
• Musoro
• Kurwadziwa kwemuviri, kurwadziwa kwemhasuru
• Huro inorwadza
• Kuoma kufema
• Mapundu eganda
• Manyoka
• Kuvhiringidzika kana kumwe kuchinja kwepfungwa

Kana uine chimwe chezviratidzo izvi kana kupfuura, kunyanya kana uchiziva kuti une HIV, zvakakosha kuti uone chiremba nekukurumidza.

Sei zvirwere izvi zvinotsanangura AIDS (ADIs) zvichiitika?

Sezvatakambokurukura, hutachiona hweHIV hunoparadza masero eT (kunyanya masero eCD4) mumuviri wedu. Aya masero eT ndiwo anotibatsira kurwisa hutachiona. Saka, kana huwandu hwemasero eT hukadzikira zvakanyanya, muviri wedu haugone kurwisa hutachiona zvakajairika. Zvadaro, tinogona kurwara nezvinhu zvisingakonzere chirwere kumunhu ane immune system ine hutano. Zvakare, ichi ndicho chikonzero chekukura kwekenza dzine chekuita neimmune system kana kenza inokonzerwa nemavhairasi.

Kurapa nemishonga inorwisa utachiona (ART) kunoshanda zvikuru mukuchengetedza masoja edu emuviri aine hutano. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva ADI inogona kukura kunyangwe uri kutora ART. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinogona kukonzera:

• Kana usingakwanise kutora mushonga wako sezvawakarairwa uye nenguva.
• Kana mushonga waunotora usingashande nemazvo.
• Ungave wakambova neADI isina zviratidzo usati watanga ART, uye inogona kudzoka kana masoja emuviri wako adzorerwa mushure mekunge watanga ART (izvi zvinonziwo immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome - IRIS).

Zvirwere zvinotsanangura AIDS (ADIs) zvinoonekwa sei?

Chiremba wako achaongorora chirwere cheADI zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvako. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuyedza ropa kana zvimwe zvinwiwa zvemuviri, uye pamwe kuita biopsy. Vanogonawo kuita bvunzo dzekufungidzira, dzakadai seX-ray kana CT scan, kuti vaone shanduko dziri mumapapu ako kana dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Kana usati wamboonekwa uine HIV, uye uine ADI chete, chiremba wako anogona kukuyedza HIV nezvimwe zvinokonzera kuderera kwemasoja emuviri.

Ndedzipi mhando dzebvunzo dzinoitwa?

Mimwe miedzo iyo chiremba angashandisa:

• Kuongororwa kweropa
• Kutora sampuro kubva mumhino (Nasal swab)
• Kuongororwa kwemuviri
• Kuongororwa kweputemu: Muenzaniso weputemu unotorwa kubva mumapapu kuti utariswe kana paine hutachiona.
• Kuongororwa kwechitsiko
• X-ray yechipfuva
• Kuongororwa kweCT
• Kuboorwa kwemusana/kupomba kwemusana
• Kuongororwa kweHIV

Zvirwere izvi zvinorapwa sei?

Nzira dzekurapa dzinoenderana nerudzi rwechirwere chaunacho uye mamiriro ako chaiwo. Kana usiri kutora ART, chiremba wako anogona kutanga ART nekukurumidza kana mukati memavhiki maviri kusvika mana ekutanga kurapwa kwezvirwere zvinongoerekana zvaitika.

Kana wakatoonekwa uine HIV uye uri kutora ART, chiremba wako anogona kukuita bvunzo dzakawanda kuti aone kuti mushonga wako unoshanda zvakanaka sei.

Kurapa kweADI chaiyo kunogona kusanganisira:

• Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yehutachiona hwebhakitiriya
• Mishonga inorwisa fungus yezvirwere zvefungal
• Mishonga yekudzivirira hutachiona hwehutachiona
• Kuvhiyiwa, mwaranzi, kana chemotherapy yekenza

Chii chinoitika kana ndiine chirwere chinotsanangura AIDS (ADI)?

Kuva neADI kunowedzera njodzi yekufa nezvirwere zvine chekuita neAIDS. Zvisinei, mashoko akanaka ndeekuti mumakore achangopfuura, huwandu hwevanhu vanofa neAIDS hwakaderera zvakanyanya nekuda kweART. Kunyangwe zvichifungidzirwa kuti chikamu chimwe muzvina chevanhu vane HIV vanofa nezvirwere zvine chekuita neAIDS, nekutanga kushandisa ART nekukurumidza, vanhu vazhinji vane HIV vanorarama hupenyu hwakanaka vasina AIDS.

Zvirwere zvinotsanangura AIDS (ADIs) zvinogona kudzivirirwa here?

Ehe, zvinogona zvechokwadi!

ART inogona kubatsira kuchengetedza huwandu hwehutachiona muropa rako (viral load) hwakaderera. Izvi zvinowedzera huwandu hwemasero eT (CD4 cells). Izvi zvinobatsira masoja emuviri wako kuti arambe akasimba uye kurwisa hutachiona. Zvinobatsirawo kurwisa mavhairasi anokonzera kenza ine chekuita neHIV.

Kune dzimwe nzira dzakawanda dzekuderedza njodzi yekutapukirwa:

• Mishonga yekudzivirira:Chiremba wako anogona kukupa mishonga yakadai semishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kana mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kuti uderedze njodzi yezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.
• Kubaiwa nhomba: Bvunza chiremba wako kuti ndeapi majekiseni aunofanira kuwana uye kana aripo aunofanira kudzivisa.
• Kuongororwa: Chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kuongororwa nguva dzose kwemamwe magomarara nezvirwere zvinotapukira.
• Musagovane michina yekubaya mishonga: Paunenge uchishandisa mishonga yakanyorerwa nachiremba neisina chiremba, musagovane tsono, majekiseni, nezvimwewo nevamwe.
• Hutsanana hwakanaka: Geza maoko ako nguva nenguva, kunyanya usati wagadzira chikafu, usati wadya, uye wapedza kushandisa chimbuzi. Usagovane chikafu, zvinwiwa, kana zvinhu zvako nevamwe.
• Kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu: Dzivisa mazai asina kubikwa zvakanaka, mukaka usina kupiswa (kusanganisira chizi neaizi kirimu), uye muto wemichero usina kupiswa. Geza kana kubvisa michero nemiriwo zvakanaka usati wadya.
• Dzivisa kushandisa mvura isina mushonga: Dzivisa kupinda mumvura mumuromo mako paunenge uchigeza munzvimbo dzakadai semadziva nemadhamu, uye dzivisa kunwa mvura yemupombi isina mushonga. Kana ukaenda kunzvimbo yausingazive nezvekuchena kwemvura, inwa mvura yemubhodhoro uye shandisa mvura imwe chete pakubika.

Ndinofanira kuona chiremba rini?

Kana uine HIV, iva nechokwadi chekuti wagara uchironga nguva yako yese nachiremba wako. Udza chiremba wako kana uine zviratidzo zvitsva kana kuti zviri kuipa, kana kuti kana uri kunetseka kutora mushonga wako weART. Tsvaga zvaunogona kuita kudzivirira hutachiona uye zvekuita kana uine zviratidzo zvehutachiona.

Unofanira kuenda kuEmergency Treatment Unit (ETU) riini?

Kana uchifunga kuti ungave wakambobatwa neHIV, kana kuti uine chimwe chezviratidzo izvi zvakakomba, enda kuchipatara nekukurumidza:

• Fivha inodarika madhigirii 103 Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius).
• Kutadza kufema zvakanaka.
• Kurutsa zvakanyanya kana kuti manyoka.
• Kurwadziwa kwechipfuva.
• Kuvhiringidzika kana kurasikirwa nepfungwa.
• Kana ronda richipisa, rakatsvuka, rakazvimba, richirwadza, kana kuti risingapore.

Mibvunzo ipi yandinofanira kubvunza chiremba wangu?

Zvingabatsira kubvunza chiremba wako mibvunzo yakaita seiyi:

• Ndingatora sei mushonga wangu nemazvo?
• Unoita sei kana ukarasikirwa nenguva yekurapwa nemishonga?
• Ndingaitei kuti ndidzivirire hutachiona?
• Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvandinofanira kutarisa?
• Ndinofanira kuenda kuchipatara riini?

Pakupedzisira, meseji yekudzokera nayo kumba

Zvirwere zvinotsanangura AIDS (ADIs) bvunzo dzinobatsira vanachiremba kuona kuti hutachiona hweHIV hwakanganisa sei muviri wako. Kana uine HIV, unenge uri panjodzi huru yekuve nematambudziko akakomba kubva kuhutachiona hwese.

Asi,Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, kutora mushonga wekudzivirira chirwere chemukondombera (ART) nemazvo uye nguva dzose kunogona kuchengetedza masoja emuviri wako aine hutano uye kupa muviri wako simba rekurwisa hutachiona. Mishonga iyi yakabatsira kudzivirira AIDS uye inoita kuti vanhu vane HIV vararame kwenguva yakareba seyevasina HIV.

Saka, taura nachiremba wako nezvedzimwe nzira dzekudzivirira nadzo zvirwere zvakakomba. Usazvidya mwoyo, unogona kurwisa zvirwere izvi neruzivo rwakakodzera uye kurapwa.

AIDS , HIV, kuongororwa kweAIDS, hutachiona hunogona kumuka, dziviriro yemuviri, masero eCD4, kurapwa kweART