Mwana wako haasi iye aimbova here? Anogara akasuruvara uye akasuruvara here? Kana kuti anotsamwa nezvinhu zvidiki here? Mitambo nezvinhu zvaaifarira hazvichamubatsiri here? Sevabereki, zvakajairika kuti tinzwe kutya uye kunetseka patinoona shanduko dzakadaro. Dzimwe nguva tinofunga kuti, "Izvi zvinongoitika kana wakura." Asi handizvo zvinoitika nguva dzose. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anogona kuva chiratidzo chechirwere chepfungwa chinonzi kuora mwoyo muvana.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi kuora mwoyo muvana ava?
Zvakajairika kuti vana vanzwe kusuruvara uye vachichinja-chinja mafungiro avo. Funga nezvazvo, pavanowana mamakisi asina kunaka pabvunzo kana kuti pavanorwa neshamwari, vanonzwa kusuruvara. Izvozvo zvakajairika. Asi mushure memazuva mashoma, kusuruvara ikoko kunopera, uye vanotanga kufara zvakare.
Asi kuora mwoyo kwakasiyana. Hakusi kusuruvara chete, asi chirwere. Mwana ane kuora mwoyo anonzwa kusuruvara, hasha, uye haafariri chero chinhu kwemavhiki anopfuura maviri. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa kurara kwake, kuda kudya, uye hukama neshamwari nemhuri. Vanogona kurasikirwa nehanya nezvinhu zvavaimbofarira, zvakaita sekutamba mitambo kana kudhirowa. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, vanogona kutofunga nezvekuzvikuvadza.
Kana ukaona kuti mwana wako ane zviratidzo izvi kweanopfuura mavhiki maviri, iva nechokwadi chekutaura nachiremba wako nezvazvo. Kunyange zvazvo kuora mwoyo kuri chirwere chakakomba, kune mishonga inoshanda yekurapa.
Ndeapi marudzi ekuora mwoyo anogona kusangana nevana?
Kushungurudzika kwepfungwa hakuuyi nenzira imwe chete. Kunouya nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Ngatitarisei dzimwe dzemhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa pakati pevana.
| Rudzi rwekuora mwoyo | Tsananguro iri nyore |
|---|---|
| Dambudziko Guru reKushungurudzika | Uyu ndiwo mamiriro atinoziva tese se "depression". Mwana anogara akasuruvara uye asina tariro. Anotsamwira kunyangwe zvinhu zvidiki. Maitiro ake ekurara anochinja (angave asina hope kana kuti anorara zvakanyanya). Anoda kuva ega, kure neshamwari nemhuri. |
| Dambudziko rePremenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) | Dambudziko iri rinowanikwa kuvasikana, kunyanya mushure memwedzi yavo yekutanga. Vhiki imwe chete vasati vaenda kumwedzi, vanonzwa zviratidzo zvekuora mwoyo nekuzvidya mwoyo. Vanochema pasina chikonzero, vanotsamwa nekukurumidza, uye vanonetseka nekuisa pfungwa dzavo pachinhu chimwe chete. Zviratidzo zvemuviri zvinogona kusanganisira kurwadziwa mudumbu, kurwadziwa kwemuviri, kurwadza kwemazamu, uye kuneta. |
| Dambudziko reKunzwa Kwemwaka (SAD) | Zviratidzo zvacho zvakafanana nezvechirwere chekuora mwoyo kukuru, asi zvinouya zvopfuura nekufamba kwenguva. Zvinowanzoonekwa kana kuchinaya, kwava nemakore, kana kuti kwasviba. Zvisinei, zvinogona kuitika chero nguva. |
| Dambudziko reKusagadzikana kweMafungiro | Vana ava vanowanzo kutsamwa zvine chisimba uye vanoita zvinhu zvisina kukodzera zera ravo. Vanogona kurwisa vamwe nemashoko kana kuuraya. Kana mwana wako achiratidza hasha, ungasafunga kuti akasuruvara. Asi zvakakosha kutaura nachiremba wako nezvemaitiro aya. Chirwere ichi chinowanzoonekwa muvana vane makore anopfuura matanhatu. |
| Dysthymia | Ichi chirwere chisina kunyanya kurwadza kupfuura kuora mwoyo kukuru, asi chinogara kwenguva refu. Zviratidzo zvinogona kuuya uye zvichipfuura nekufamba kwemakore. Nekufamba kwenguva, ungafunga kuti, "Ndizvo zvazviri nevana." Asi kune mishonga yekurapa izvi zvakare. |
Sei vana vachiora mwoyo?
Hapana chikonzero chimwe chete chinokonzera kushungurudzika muvana, asi nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti musanganiswa wezvinhu zvakaita semajini nezvinhu zvakatikomberedza zvinokonzera chirwere ichi.
Heano zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvikuru uye zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi:
- Nhoroondo yemhuri: Kana nhengo yemhuri yepedyo (amai, baba, vanun'una nevanun'una) iine depression, mwana ari panjodzi huru yekuibatawo.
- Zviitiko zvinoshungurudza muhupenyu: kuparadzaniswa kwevabereki, kufa kwemumwe wemhuri, kutamira kune imwe imba, kuchinja chikoro, nezvimwewo.
- Kushungurudzwa kuchikoro: Kushungurudzwa kwemuviri kana kwepfungwa nevamwe vana kunogona kukanganisa zvikuru pfungwa dzemwana.
- Zvimwe zvirwere: Vana vanogara nezvirwere zvenguva refu zvakaita sechirwere cheshuga, pfari, uye asima vari panjodzi yakakura yekuora mwoyo.
- Kuchinja kwemakemikari muuropi: Kuora mwoyo kunogonawo kukonzerwa nekusarongeka kwemakemikari (neurotransmitters) muuropi hwedu anodzora manzwiro akadai semufaro nekusuwa.
- Kuyaruka: Mafungiro evana anogona kuchinja nekuchinja kwemahormone kunoitika panguva iyi.
Ungaziva sei kana mwana aine depression?
Kana muine zvinokunetsai nezvemwana wenyu, chinhu chekutanga chekuita ndechekuona chiremba wevana wemwana wenyu. Chiremba achatanga aongorora kuti aone kana paine chikonzero chemuviri chekuchinja kwepfungwa dzemwana wenyu.
Nekuti zviratidzo zvezvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kufanana nekuora mwoyo. Semuenzaniso:
- Kushaya ropa
- Matambudziko ethyroid (Hypothyroidism)
- Kushaikwa kweVitamin D
- Chirwere cheshuga
Kana zvangosimbiswa kuti hapana chikonzero chemuviri, chiremba achakutumira iwe nemwana wako kuna chiremba wepfungwa, akadai sechiremba wepfungwa dzevana kana chiremba wepfungwa.
Ikoko, nyanzvi ichakubvunza mibvunzo iwe nemwana wako, uye ichawana ruzivo nezvemaitiro nemanzwiro emwana wako. Vanogonawo kuwana ruzivo kubva kuvadzidzisi vemwana wako. Zvese izvi zvichabatsira kuona kana mwana wako aine depression kana kuti kwete.
Ndeipi mishonga yekurapa kuora mwoyo?
Kune nzira mbiri huru dzekurapa kushungurudzika kwevana: kutaura nezvekurapa nekushandisa mishonga. Kazhinji, mhedzisiro yakanaka inowanikwa kana mishonga yese ikashandiswa pamwe chete.
1. Kurapa Nekutaura
Izvi zvinonyanya kushandisa nzira inonzi Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) . Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, zvinobatsira mwana kuona mafungiro asina kunaka uye kuachinja kuita akanaka. Zvinodzidzisa mwana nzira dzekudzora manzwiro ake, kugadzirisa matambudziko, uye kudzikama.
2. Mishonga
Kana chiremba akaona kuti zvakakodzera, vanonyora mishonga yekurapa kuora mwoyo. Mhando yemishonga inowanzo pihwa vana iSSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors). Mishonga iyi inoshanda nekuwedzera huwandu hweserotonin, kemikari iri muuropi inokanganisa mufaro wedu. Mimwe yemishonga inowanzo pihwa vana ndeiyi:
- Fluoxetine (Prozac®)
- Sertraline (Zoloft®)
- Paroxetine (Paxil®)
Kufanana nemishonga yese, iyi inogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa. Usamborega kupa mwana wako mushonga kamwe kamwe usina kubvunza chiremba wako. Kuita izvi kunogona kuwedzera mamiriro emwana wako.
| Migumisiro yemishonga uye zvekuita | |
|---|---|
| Kana zviratidzo izvi zvikaitika, fonera chiremba wako nekukasika. | |
| - Kurwara neallergies | - Fivha yakanyanya |
| - Ropa riri mutsvina | - Kurwadziwa pachipfuva, kuoma kufema |
| - Kurova kwemoyo nekukurumidza kana kusina kurongeka | - Dzungu, musoro wakareruka |
| - Kuchinja kamwe kamwe mukuona, kurwadziwa kwemaziso | - Pfungwa dzekuzvikuvadza kana kuipa kwepfungwa dzako |
| Izvi zvinowanzopera mukati memavhiki mashoma (asi zivisa chiremba wako). | |
| - Kuchinja kwechido chekudya | - Kushaya hope kana kurara zvakanyanya |
| - Muromo wakaoma | - Musoro |
| - Kushungurudzika mudumbu, kuda kurutsa, manyoka | - Kudengenyeka |
Ndingabatsira sei mwana wangu, semubereki?
Rutsigiro nerudo zvemwana wako zvinokosha munguva ino yakaoma. Pane zvinhu zvakakosha zvaunogona kuita.
- Teerera mwana wako: Nyatsoteerera zvaanotaura. Remekedza manzwiro ake. Usaramba mibvunzo yake nekubvunza kuti "Chii ichocho?"
- Iva nemoyo murefu: Kurapwa kunotora nguva kuti kuratidze mhedzisiro. Saka iva nemoyo murefu. Usamanikidza mwana wako.
- Nyora pasi shanduko dzinoitika kumwana wako: Nyora pasi nhoroondo yekurara kwemwana wako, kudya kwake, maitiro ake, uye migumisiro yemishonga. Izvi zvichabatsira zvikuru paunoshanyira chiremba.
- Gadzirai nzvimbo yakanaka: Itai kuti nzvimbo yepamba ive nzvimbo yakachengeteka uye inotsigira mwana. Musaunza makakatanwa emhuri pamberi pemwana.
- Dzidzisai tsika dzakanaka: Rovedza muviri wemwana wenyu zuva nezuva, mupei kudya kwakakwana, uye mubatsirei kurara zvakakwana.
- Zvichengete: Iyi inogona kuva nguva inonetsawo kwauri. Saka fungawo nezvehutano hwako hwepfungwa. Tsvaga mazano kana zvichidikanwa.
Ndinofanira kutsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika rini?
Kazhinji, kana mafungiro emwana akachinja kwenguva inopfuura mavhiki maviri, kana aine matambudziko makuru ekurara, kana akaramba kuenda kuchikoro kwemazuva anopfuura mashanu, ona chiremba.
Uyewo, usambononoka mune zvinotevera:
Kana mwana wako achitaura, anonyora, kana kuratidza maitiro akadaro, tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika. Unogona kuendesa mwana wako kuchipatara chiri pedyo neEmergency Department (ETU) . Kana kufonera National Institute of Mental Health's hotline pa1926 kuti uwane mazano.
Dambudziko iri harisi mhosva yako kana yemwana wako. Ichirwere chinogona kukanganisa chero ani zvake. Nekurapwa kwakakodzera uye rudo rwako nerutsigiro, mwana wako anogona kurarama hupenyu hwakanaka uye hunofadza zvakare.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Kushungurudzika muvana hakusi kusuruvara chete, asi chirwere chinoda kurapwa.
- Nyatsocherechedzai kuchinja kwemaitiro emwana wenyu uye manzwiro ake kunotora mavhiki anopfuura maviri.
- Iyi haisi mhosva yemwana kana yako. Saka usazvipa mhosva.
- Kana muine kusava nechokwadi, musanonoka uye bvunzai chiremba wemwana wenyu. Kune mishonga inoshanda.
- Rudo rwenyu, mwoyo murefu, uye rutsigiro rwenyu panguva yekurapwa zvakakosha kuti mwana wenyu apore nekukurumidza.
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