Chiremba wako akaraira here kuti uongororwe kana kuti mumwe munhu waunoziva? Kuongororwa kwemuviri (biopsy) kunoitika kana kanyama kadiki kakabviswa pabundu riri mumuviri wako koongororwa. Saka, ungangove uchishamisika kuti chii chaizvo chinoitwa panyama diki iyoyo iri murabhoritari. Nhasi, tichataura nezvebvunzo inokosha inoshandiswa mukurapa nhasi. Inonzi immunohistochemistry , kana kuti IHC muchidimbu pakati pevanachiremba.
Chii chinonzi IHC?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, IHC iongororo yakakosha yemurabhoritari inoshandiswa nenyanzvi dzezvirwere, vanachiremba vane hunyanzvi mukuongorora zvirwere, kuti vaone zviratidzo zvechirwere muchikamu chemuviri.
Kunyange zvazvo zita iri ringaita serakareba zvishoma, zvarinoreva zviri nyore kunzwisisa kana zvikapatsanurwa kuita mazwi mashoma.
- Immuno: Izvi zvine chekuita neimmune system yemuviri wedu. Unoziva, patinowana zvinhu zvekunze (mavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, nezvimwewo) kana zvinhu zvekunze zvakaita semasero ekenza, immune system yedu inozviziva. Tinodaidza zvinhu zvekunze izvi kuti maantigen . Saka, muviri wedu unogadzira rudzi rwakakosha rweprotein kuti ubate nekuparadza maantigen aya. Anonzi ma antibodies . Sekunge kiyi inovhura kiyi, pane antibody yakakosha inoenderana neantigen yega yega. Mubvunzo weIHC, ma antibodies aya, anogadzirwa murabhoritari, anoshandiswa kuwana maantigen ane chekuita nechirwere musampuli yenyama.
- Histo: Izvi zvinoreva nyama . Izvi zvinoreva kuti bvunzo iyi inoitwa panyama yakatorwa mumuviri wako.
- Kemesitiri: Izvi zvinoreva kudzidza zvinhu zvidiki zvakakwana kuti zvionekwe chete nemaikorosikopu, uchishandisa nzira dzemakemikari.
Zvadaro, tichibatanidza zvese izvi, IHC inzira yekuziva chirwere ichi nekushandisa pfungwa yema antibodies muimmune system yedu, kuwedzera chimwe chinhu chakaita sedhayi kuzvinhu zvinokonzera chirwere (antigens) muchikamu chemuviri, uye kuzviona pasi pemaikorosikopu.
Bvunzo yeIHC inoitwa rini?
Kuongororwa kweIHC kunoshandiswa pazvinhu zvakawanda mazuva ano. Ruzivo rwunopa runogona kubatsira chiremba wako pakusarudza mushonga wakanakira iwe.
| Mamiriro ekushandisa | Tsananguro iri nyore |
|---|---|
| Kuziva chirwere nemazvo | Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha pakuongorora kenza. Zvinogona kubatsira kuziva rudzi chairwo rwekenza (semuenzaniso, carcinoma, melanoma). Zvinogonawo kubatsira kuziva kwakabva kenza yakapararira, inova kenza yakapararira kubva kune imwe nhengo yemuviri kuenda kune imwe. |
| Kuziva mamiriro uye mafambiro echirwere | Zvinogona kukubatsira kunzwisisa kuti gomarara iri rakakomba sei uye kuti riri kupararira nekukurumidza sei. Ruzivo rwunobva muongororo iyi rwakakoshawo pakuona danho negiredhi regomarara iri. Zvichibva paruzivo urwu, chiremba achagadzira hurongwa hwakanakisa hwekurapa. |
| Kufanotaura kuti kurapwa kuchaitwa sei | Mamwe magomarara, kunyanya magomarara emazamu neprostate, anokura nekuda kwemahormone akadai seestrogen netestosterone. Kuongororwa kweIHC kunogona kuona magomarara anonzwa mahormone aya. Kurapa nemahormone kunogona kupihwa kudzivirira mahormone iwayo. |
| Kutarisa kubudirira kwekurapwa | Kuongororwa kweIHC dzimwe nguva kunoshandiswa kuona kana kurapwa kuri kuvandudza chirwere uye kana masero egomarara ari kunyangarika. |
Pamusoro pezvo, IHC inokoshawo zvikuru mukutsvagisa kuti tiwane mishonga mitsva. Inobatsira vaongorori kunzwisisa shanduko dzinoitika mumasero edu nekuda kwezvirwere.
Bvunzo iyi inoshanda sei?
Pfungwa huru yeizvi iri nyore kwazvo. Zvakafanana nekutsvaga kiyi chaiyo (antibody) yekiyi (antigen).
Fungidzira uine masero ekenza muchikamu chako chemuviri. Masero ekenza iwayo ane maantigen (zviratidzo) pamusoro pawo chaiwo. Zvaunoita murabhoritari kushandisa antibody yakagadzirirwa kubatana neantigen iyoyo.
Heino mashandiro anoita maitiro aya:
1. Nyanzvi yezvirwere inosungirira enzyme kune antibody yakasarudzwa. Iyi enzyme yakaita sechiratidzo chidiki.
2. Musanganiswa wemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere uyu unozoiswa pamusoro pesampuli yenyama yakagadzirwa.
3. Kana sampuro yacho iine antigen ine chekuita nechirwere ichocho, antibody yatakawedzera ichanamira pairi (sekiyi inoiswa mukiyi).
4. Kana yanamatira seizvi, enzyme yakabatana neantibody inobatidzwa, zvichiita kuti pave neruvara rwakakosha munzvimbo iyoyo.
5. Pakupedzisira, kana zvikaonekwa nemaikorosikopu, nzvimbo dzine mavara dzinoonekwa zvakajeka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kune maantigen ane chekuita nechirwere munzvimbo idzodzo, zvinoreva kuti tinogona kusimbisa kuti chirwere chiripo.
Kuti mhedzisiro iyi ive chaiyo 100%, matanho aya anofanira kuitwa nokungwarira uye nemazvo murabhoritari.
Kugadzirira sampuro yekuyedzwa
Zvakakosha zvikuru kugadzirira tissue sampuro nemazvo.
- Chengetedza nyama: Kana yabviswa mumuviri, masero ari munyama anotanga kufa zvishoma nezvishoma. Kuti izvi zvisaitike, nyama yacho "inogadziriswa" nekuiisa mukemikari yakaita seformalin. Izvi zvinochengetedza chimiro chenyama yacho chisina kukuvadzwa.
- Iva nechokwadi chekuti maantigen ari nyore kuwana: Dzimwe nguva, nzira iyi yekugadzirisa inogona kukonzera kuti maantigen avharwe. Zvadaro, maantibodies haakwanise kubatana nawo. Saka, nzira yakakosha inonzi "antigen retrieval" inoshandiswa kuburitsazve maantigen akavharirwa.
- Vhara maumbirwo akafanana: Dzimwe nguva ma antibodies edu anogona kubatana nezvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana ne antigen chaiyo yatiri kutsvaga. Zvakafanana nemumwe munhu akagara pachigaro chakachengeterwa munhu akakodzera. Kuti tidzivise izvi, tinovhara maumbirwo akafanana pachine nguva. Ipapo antibody inongobatana chete kune chinangwa chakakodzera.
Kusarudza ma antibodies akakodzera
Chiremba wezvirwere anofanira kusarudza rudzi rweantibody rwakakodzera kune antigen yaari kutsvaga. Kune mhando mbiri huru.
| Rudzi rwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere | Hunyanzvi |
|---|---|
| Ma antibodies ePolyclonal | Aya musanganiswa wema antibodies akasiyana anogona kubatana panzvimbo dzakasiyana pane antigen imwe chete. |
| Ma antibodies emonoclonal | Aya makopi emhando imwe chete, antibody imwechete. Anongosunga panzvimbo imwe chete chaiyo pane antigen. |
Pane zvipingamupinyi nezvipingamupinyi here pakuongororwa kweIHC?
Ehe, semiedzo yese, iyi ine zvimwe zvainogumira.
Chimwe chezvinetso zvikuru ndechekuti hapana nhungamiro dzakajairwa dzinogamuchirwa pasi rose padanho rega rega rebvunzo yeIHC. Nokudaro, nzira nemakemikari anoshandiswa muma laboratori akasiyana zvinogona kusiyana zvishoma, zvichikonzera kusiyana kwemhedzisiro.
Pamusoro pezvo, dzimwe nguva mhedzisiro inogona kunge isiriyo.
| Chikanganiso mumhedzisiro | Zvinoreva |
|---|---|
| Zvenhema-zvakanaka | Mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti antigen ine chekuita nechirwere iripo kunyangwe sample isipo. |
| Manyepo-asina kunaka | Kunyangwe zvazvo sampuli yacho iine antigen ine chekuita nechirwere ichi, mhedzisiro yacho haina kunaka. |
Kudzivirira zvinhu zvakaita seizvi, marabhoritari akanaka ane nzira dzekudzora mhando . Kureva kuti, vasati vaita bvunzo chaiyo, vanoedza antibody panyama yatinoziva kuti ine chirwere ichi kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti inoshanda nemazvo.
IHC yakafanana here ne biopsy?
Kwete, asi pane kubatana kukuru pakati pezviviri izvi.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, biopsy inzira yekubvisa chidimbu chenyama mumuviri wako. IHC inzira yekuongorora chidimbu chenyama ichocho murabhoritari. Nemamwe mashoko, IHC bvunzo inoitwa mushure me biopsy.
IHC inyanzvi yekurapa inoshamisa zvechokwadi. Inobvumira vanachiremba kuona zviratidzo zvechirwere zvisingaonekwe nemaziso. Ruzivo rwakawanikwa kubva mukuongororwa uku runokosha mukurwisa zvirwere zvakaita sekenza uye kusarudza kurapwa kwakakodzera.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Hapana chekutya nezve Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Iyi bvunzo yakakosha inoitirwa murabhoritari pachimedu chidiki chenyama chakatorwa mumuviri wako.
- Bvunzo iyi inogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha (serudzi rwekenza uye kuoma kwayo), kunyanya nezvezvirwere zvakaita sekenza.
- Izvi zvinosanganisira kutsvaga zviratidzo zvakakosha (antigens) pamasero ane chirwere, kuwedzera chimwe chinhu chakaita sedhayi paari, uye kuatarisa pasi pemaikorosikopu.
- Mushumo webvunzo yeIHC uchabatsira zvikuru chiremba wako kusarudza mushonga wakakodzera uye unoshanda kwauri.
- Kana muine mibvunzo nezvebvunzo iyi, musatya kutaura nachiremba wenyu nezvazvo pachena.
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